为什么我的 Rspec 模型测试中出现未初始化的常量？

Question

我正在尝试在我的 rails 应用程序中使用 Rspec 创建测试，但我不断收到以下错误。

uninitialized constant Build
# ./spec/models/build_spec.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
No examples found.

我是运行rails版本6.1.4.1。我也知道我的模型存在，因为我可以在 ruby 控制台中创建属于 table 的新对象。

这是我的 rspec 文件 (spec/models/build_spec.rb)

require 'spec_helper'

RSpec.describe Build, type: :model do
  it "Has a name"
  it "is not valid without name"
  it "is not valid with too short name"
  it "is not valid with too long of a name"
end

这是我的 gemfile

source 'https://rubygems.org'
git_source(:github) { |repo| "https://github.com/#{repo}.git" }

ruby '2.7.4'

# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails', branch: 'main'
gem 'rails', '~> 6.1.4', '>= 6.1.4.1'

# Use Puma as the app server
gem 'puma', '~> 5.0'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '>= 6'
# Transpile app-like JavaScript. Read more: https://github.com/rails/webpacker
gem 'webpacker', '~> 5.0'
# Turbolinks makes navigating your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/turbolinks/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks', '~> 5'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.7'
# Use Redis adapter to run Action Cable in production
# gem 'redis', '~> 4.0'
# Use Active Model has_secure_password
gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'

# Use Active Storage variant
# gem 'image_processing', '~> 1.2'

gem 'will_paginate', '~> 3.3'

# Reduces boot times through caching; required in config/boot.rb
gem 'bootsnap', '>= 1.4.4', require: false

group :development, :test do
  # Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
  gem 'sqlite3', '~> 1.4.2'

  # Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
  gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
end

group :development do
  # Access an interactive console on exception pages or by calling 'console' anywhere in the code.
  gem 'web-console', '>= 4.1.0'
  # Display performance information such as SQL time and flame graphs for each request in your browser.
  # Can be configured to work on production as well see: https://github.com/MiniProfiler/rack-mini-profiler/blob/master/README.md
  gem 'rack-mini-profiler', '~> 2.0'
end

group :test do
  # Adds support for Capybara system testing and selenium driver
  gem 'capybara', '>= 3.26'
  gem 'selenium-webdriver'
  # Easy installation and use of web drivers to run system tests with browsers
  gem 'webdrivers'
  gem 'rspec-rails', '>= 3.9.0'
end

group :production do 
  gem 'pg', '~> 1.1'
end


# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]

Answer 1

检查 app/models/ 目录中的模型是否正确。

spec/models/build_spec.rb

require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe Build, type: :model do
  it { expect(described_class.new).to be_a() }
end

app/models/build.rb

class Build < ApplicationRecord
end

希望这对你有用。

Answer 2

spec_helper 不加载环境（这包括不加载模型）。您可以在本规范中明确要求模型文件，也可以改为要求 rails_helper。

为什么我的 Rspec 模型测试中出现未初始化的常量？

Why am I getting unititialized constant in my Rspec model test?

rspec

ruby-on-rails

rspec-rails