如何从 Docker 容器中的 python 脚本连接到 Ubuntu 上的本地 SQL 服务器
How do I connect to the local SQL server on Ubuntu from a python script in Docker container
我在 Ubuntu 20.04 中安装了一个 SQL 服务器（安装在 VirtualBox 中）和一个带有 python 脚本的 Docker 容器。
我想要做的是从这个 python 脚本连接到主机上的 SQL 服务器 运行。
这是我用来创建图像的Docker文件：
# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
FROM python:3.8-slim-buster
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y gnupg2 curl
RUN curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add -
RUN curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list
RUN apt-get update
RUN ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install -y msodbcsql17
RUN ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install -y mssql-tools
RUN echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
RUN echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc
RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get -y install gcc \
&& apt-get -y install g++ \
&& apt-get -y install unixodbc unixodbc-dev \
&& apt-get clean
RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
CMD [ "python3", "-m" , "test", "run", "--host=0.0.0.0"]
我知道它看起来很乱，但我在安装 pyodbc 时遇到了几个问题，看起来所有这些代码都解决了问题。
我现在可以成功创建镜像，但是在启动容器时，它会产生以下输出：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 194, in _run_module_as_main
return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File "/app/test.py", line 10, in <module>
connection = pyodbc.connect(connection_string, autocommit=True)
pyodbc.OperationalError: ('HYT00', '[HYT00] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server]Login timeout expired (0) (SQLDriverConnect)')
['ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server']
看起来连接字符串有问题，看起来像这样：
connection_string = 'Driver={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};Server=tcp:host.docker.internal,1433;UID=SA;PWD=<my_password>'
我已经为此苦苦挣扎了一段时间，但仍然无法让它发挥作用。非常感谢任何帮助或建议！
UPD
按照 Pato 的建议，我尝试将连接字符串中的 Server 选项更改为机器的 IP 地址。
ip addr show 返回以下输出：
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:29:e8:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s3
valid_lft 71149sec preferred_lft 71149sec
inet6 fe80::2517:652e:ac69:8ec9/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:35:26:ba:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:35ff:fe26:ba86/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
因此，我尝试将 host.docker.internal 替换为 127.0.0.1、10.0.2.15 和 172.17.0.1。他们都给了我以下错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 194, in _run_module_as_main
return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File "/app/test.py", line 10, in <module>
connection = pyodbc.connect(connection_string, autocommit=True)
pyodbc.Error: ('01000', "[01000] [unixODBC][Driver Manager]Can't open lib 'ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server;Server=tcp:172.17.0.1,1433;UID=SA;PWD=<my_password>' : file not found (0) (SQLDriverConnect)")
ifconfig 返回给我：
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
inet6 fe80::42:35ff:fe26:ba86 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 02:42:35:26:ba:86 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 25340 bytes 1240556 (1.2 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 39308 bytes 691001962 (691.0 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
enp0s3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.2.15 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.2.255
inet6 fe80::2517:652e:ac69:8ec9 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 08:00:27:29:e8:b8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 649701 bytes 946934508 (946.9 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 55603 bytes 7183567 (7.1 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 27675 bytes 49732911 (49.7 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 27675 bytes 49732911 (49.7 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
我正在研究这个连接问题，错误 找不到文件 是 。我试图重新创建您的设置，但我得到了同样的错误。
一个快速的解决方案是将驱动程序更改为 pymssql==2.2.2（在我的 docker 容器中测试）。
pip3 install pymssql==2.2.2
示例如下：
import pymssql
conn = pymssql.connect('host.docker.internal', 'sa', 'yourPassword', "database")
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("""
IF OBJECT_ID('persons', 'U') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE persons
CREATE TABLE persons (
id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(100),
salesrep VARCHAR(100),
PRIMARY KEY(id)
)
""")
cursor.executemany(
"INSERT INTO persons VALUES (%d, %s, %s)",
[(1, 'John Smith', 'John Doe'),
(2, 'Jane Doe', 'Joe Dog'),
(3, 'Mike T.', 'Sarah H.')])
# you must call commit() to persist your data if you don't set autocommit to True
conn.commit()
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')
row = cursor.fetchone()
while row:
print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row[0], row[1]))
row = cursor.fetchone()
conn.close()
# Result
'''
ID=1, Name=John Smith
'''
更新
故障排除SQL服务器Linux版本
- 检查 mssql-server.service 是否为 运行.
patricio@server2:~$ sudo systemctl status mssql-server.service
[sudo] password for patricio:
● mssql-server.service - Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-11-10 09:56:38 -03; 2 weeks 4 days ago
Docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux
Main PID: 14885 (sqlservr)
Tasks: 164
CGroup: /system.slice/mssql-server.service
├─14885 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
└─14913 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
- 检查端口 1433 或您的默认端口是否打开。
patricio@server2:~$ telnet 127.0.0.1 1433
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
patricio@server2:~$ nmap 127.0.0.1
Starting Nmap 7.60 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-11-29 08:41 -03
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000085s latency).
Not shown: 994 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
443/tcp open https
1433/tcp open ms-sql-s
// ...
- 安装 sqlcmd 如果没有安装
patricio@server2:~$ sqlcmd -S 127.0.0.1 -U sa -p
Password:
1> SELECT CONVERT(varchar, SERVERPROPERTY('collation'))
2> GO
------------------------------
SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS
(1 rows affected)
参考文献：
From inside of a Docker container, how do I connect to the localhost of the machine?
Trying to access host.docker.internal results in Connection refused
我在 Ubuntu 20.04 中安装了一个 SQL 服务器（安装在 VirtualBox 中）和一个带有 python 脚本的 Docker 容器。 我想要做的是从这个 python 脚本连接到主机上的 SQL 服务器 运行。
这是我用来创建图像的Docker文件：
# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
FROM python:3.8-slim-buster
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y gnupg2 curl
RUN curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add -
RUN curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list
RUN apt-get update
RUN ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install -y msodbcsql17
RUN ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install -y mssql-tools
RUN echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
RUN echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc
RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get -y install gcc \
&& apt-get -y install g++ \
&& apt-get -y install unixodbc unixodbc-dev \
&& apt-get clean
RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
CMD [ "python3", "-m" , "test", "run", "--host=0.0.0.0"]
我知道它看起来很乱，但我在安装 pyodbc 时遇到了几个问题，看起来所有这些代码都解决了问题。
我现在可以成功创建镜像，但是在启动容器时，它会产生以下输出：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 194, in _run_module_as_main
return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File "/app/test.py", line 10, in <module>
connection = pyodbc.connect(connection_string, autocommit=True)
pyodbc.OperationalError: ('HYT00', '[HYT00] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server]Login timeout expired (0) (SQLDriverConnect)')
['ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server']
看起来连接字符串有问题，看起来像这样：
connection_string = 'Driver={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};Server=tcp:host.docker.internal,1433;UID=SA;PWD=<my_password>'
我已经为此苦苦挣扎了一段时间，但仍然无法让它发挥作用。非常感谢任何帮助或建议！
UPD
按照 Pato 的建议，我尝试将连接字符串中的 Server 选项更改为机器的 IP 地址。
ip addr show 返回以下输出：
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:29:e8:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enp0s3
valid_lft 71149sec preferred_lft 71149sec
inet6 fe80::2517:652e:ac69:8ec9/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:35:26:ba:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:35ff:fe26:ba86/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
因此，我尝试将 host.docker.internal 替换为 127.0.0.1、10.0.2.15 和 172.17.0.1。他们都给了我以下错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 194, in _run_module_as_main
return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File "/app/test.py", line 10, in <module>
connection = pyodbc.connect(connection_string, autocommit=True)
pyodbc.Error: ('01000', "[01000] [unixODBC][Driver Manager]Can't open lib 'ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server;Server=tcp:172.17.0.1,1433;UID=SA;PWD=<my_password>' : file not found (0) (SQLDriverConnect)")
ifconfig 返回给我：
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
inet6 fe80::42:35ff:fe26:ba86 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 02:42:35:26:ba:86 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 25340 bytes 1240556 (1.2 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 39308 bytes 691001962 (691.0 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
enp0s3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.2.15 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.2.255
inet6 fe80::2517:652e:ac69:8ec9 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 08:00:27:29:e8:b8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 649701 bytes 946934508 (946.9 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 55603 bytes 7183567 (7.1 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 27675 bytes 49732911 (49.7 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 27675 bytes 49732911 (49.7 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
我正在研究这个连接问题，错误 找不到文件 是
一个快速的解决方案是将驱动程序更改为 pymssql==2.2.2（在我的 docker 容器中测试）。
pip3 install pymssql==2.2.2
示例如下：
import pymssql
conn = pymssql.connect('host.docker.internal', 'sa', 'yourPassword', "database")
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("""
IF OBJECT_ID('persons', 'U') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE persons
CREATE TABLE persons (
id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(100),
salesrep VARCHAR(100),
PRIMARY KEY(id)
)
""")
cursor.executemany(
"INSERT INTO persons VALUES (%d, %s, %s)",
[(1, 'John Smith', 'John Doe'),
(2, 'Jane Doe', 'Joe Dog'),
(3, 'Mike T.', 'Sarah H.')])
# you must call commit() to persist your data if you don't set autocommit to True
conn.commit()
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')
row = cursor.fetchone()
while row:
print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row[0], row[1]))
row = cursor.fetchone()
conn.close()
# Result
'''
ID=1, Name=John Smith
'''
更新
故障排除SQL服务器Linux版本
- 检查 mssql-server.service 是否为 运行.
patricio@server2:~$ sudo systemctl status mssql-server.service
[sudo] password for patricio:
● mssql-server.service - Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-11-10 09:56:38 -03; 2 weeks 4 days ago
Docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux
Main PID: 14885 (sqlservr)
Tasks: 164
CGroup: /system.slice/mssql-server.service
├─14885 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
└─14913 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
- 检查端口 1433 或您的默认端口是否打开。
patricio@server2:~$ telnet 127.0.0.1 1433
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
patricio@server2:~$ nmap 127.0.0.1
Starting Nmap 7.60 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2021-11-29 08:41 -03
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000085s latency).
Not shown: 994 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
443/tcp open https
1433/tcp open ms-sql-s
// ...
- 安装 sqlcmd 如果没有安装
patricio@server2:~$ sqlcmd -S 127.0.0.1 -U sa -p
Password:
1> SELECT CONVERT(varchar, SERVERPROPERTY('collation'))
2> GO
------------------------------
SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS
(1 rows affected)
参考文献：
From inside of a Docker container, how do I connect to the localhost of the machine?
Trying to access host.docker.internal results in Connection refused