探查器（nvvp 和 nvprof）未显示 "Page Fault" 信息

Question

我正在分析 NVIDIA 开发者论坛 Unified Memory for CUDA Beginners 中提供的测试代码。

代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>

// CUDA kernel to add elements of two arrays
__global__
void add(int n, float* x, float* y)
{
    int index = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    int stride = blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    for (int i = index; i < n; i += stride)
        y[i] = x[i] + y[i];
}

int main(void)
{
    int N = 1 << 20;
    float* x, * y;

    // Allocate Unified Memory -- accessible from CPU or GPU
    cudaMallocManaged(&x, N * sizeof(float));
    cudaMallocManaged(&y, N * sizeof(float));

    // initialize x and y arrays on the host
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        x[i] = 1.0f;
        y[i] = 2.0f;
    }

    // Launch kernel on 1M elements on the GPU
    int blockSize = 256;
    int numBlocks = (N + blockSize - 1) / blockSize;
    add << <numBlocks, blockSize >> > (N, x, y);

    // Wait for GPU to finish before accessing on host
    cudaDeviceSynchronize();

    // Check for errors (all values should be 3.0f)
    float maxError = 0.0f;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        maxError = fmax(maxError, fabs(y[i] - 3.0f));
    std::cout << "Max error: " << maxError << std::endl;

    // Free memory
    cudaFree(x);
    cudaFree(y);

    return 0;
}

问题：作者提供的分析结果显示了有关“页面错误”的信息，但是当我运行 nvprof 和 nvvp 分析器，我没有得到任何关于页面错误的信息。是否需要明确设置任何标志或其他内容才能获取该信息？

我的 nvprof 输出：

== 20160 == Profiling result :
Type  Time(%)      Time     Calls       Avg       Min       Max  Name
GPU activities : 100.00 % 60.513us         1  60.513us  60.513us  60.513us  add(int, float*, float*)
API calls : 81.81 % 348.14ms         2  174.07ms  1.5933ms  346.54ms  cudaMallocManaged
16.10 % 68.511ms         1  68.511ms  68.511ms  68.511ms  cuDevicePrimaryCtxRelease
1.34 % 5.7002ms         1  5.7002ms  5.7002ms  5.7002ms  cudaLaunchKernel
0.66 % 2.8192ms         2  1.4096ms  1.0669ms  1.7523ms  cudaFree
0.07 % 277.80us         1  277.80us  277.80us  277.80us  cudaDeviceSynchronize
0.01 % 33.500us         3  11.166us  3.5000us  16.400us  cuModuleUnload
0.00 % 19.800us         1  19.800us  19.800us  19.800us  cuDeviceTotalMem
0.00 % 16.700us       101     165ns     100ns     900ns  cuDeviceGetAttribute
0.00 % 9.2000us         3  3.0660us     200ns  8.2000us  cuDeviceGetCount
0.00 % 3.1000us         1  3.1000us  3.1000us  3.1000us  cuDeviceGetName
0.00 % 2.1000us         2  1.0500us     300ns  1.8000us  cuDeviceGet
0.00 % 300ns         1     300ns     300ns     300ns  cuDeviceGetLuid
0.00 % 200ns         1     200ns     200ns     200ns  cuDeviceGetUuid

== 20160 == Unified Memory profiling result :
Device "GeForce GTX 1070 (0)"
Count  Avg Size  Min Size  Max Size  Total Size  Total Time  Name
64  128.00KB  128.00KB  128.00KB  8.000000MB  3.217900ms  Host To Device
146  84.164KB  32.000KB  1.0000MB  12.00000MB  68.17800ms  Device To Host

我的 nvvp 分析结果：

Answer 1

操作系统很重要。

您正在使用 windows，与 linux 相比，当看到 pascal 或更新的设备时，CUDA 统一内存 (UM) 系统工作 quite a bit differently on windows。

在 windows，页面错误不是 UM 系统用来确定何时迁移数据的机制，因此它们不会在分析器中或由分析器报告。

探查器（nvvp 和 nvprof）未显示 "Page Fault" 信息

Profilers (nvvp and nvprof) not showing "Page Fault" information

windows

cuda

nvprof

nvvp