cx_Freeze 与 GeoPandas geos_c.dll
cx_Freeze with GeoPandas geos_c.dll
我在尝试导出 python 文件时遇到问题。通常我在 conda 环境中使用 PyInstaller，但我读到 cx_Freeze 更容易与 geopandas 结合使用。
我生成了一个测试脚本：
# test.py
import numpy as np
import geopandas as gpd
import sys
from pyproj import _datadir, datadir
print("Test script:")
print(f"Executable {sys.executable}")
print("Read numpy list")
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)
print(x)
这个脚本运行良好，我使用的是conda环境。带有 from pyproj import _datadir, datadir 的行是为了防止 GeoPandas 的导入错误。
这是我的设置脚本：
# setup.py
import cx_Freeze
cx_Freeze.setup(
name = "test",
version = "0.1",
description = "test import geopandas",
executables = [cx_Freeze.Executable("test.py")]
)
我还尝试了另一个设置脚本：
import cx_Freeze
import sys
import os
PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = os.path.dirname(sys.executable)
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tcl8.6')
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tk8.6')
include_files = [(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tk86t.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tcl86t.dll'))]
packages = ["numpy", "tkinter",
"geopandas", "shapely", "fiona"]
base = None
if sys.platform == "win32":
base = "Win32GUI"
executables = [cx_Freeze.Executable("test.py", base=base)]
cx_Freeze.setup(
name = "Network_Analyst",
options = {"build_exe": {"packages":packages,
"include_files":include_files}},
version = "0.1",
description = "Network analyst",
executables = executables
)
但是我得到了同样的错误。
我也结合 PyInstaller 尝试过这个答案：
但这没有用。
我也不明白的是错误是：
FileNotFoundError: Could not find module 'C:\Projecten\ERTMS\python\temp\Library\bin\geos_c.dll' (or one of its dependencies). Try using the full path with constructor syntax
但是包是在 /python/temp/build/exe.wim-amd64-3.9 中构建的。我在 temp 下创建了一个文件夹，并将 geos_c.dll 复制到该位置，因此路径 /python/temp/Library/bin/geos_c.dll 确实存在，但可执行文件抛出相同的错误。
这些是安装在我的 conda 环境中的包，我使用的是 windows 11.
# packages in environment at \anaconda3\envs\test_env:
#
# Name Version Build Channel
altgraph 0.17 pyhd3eb1b0_0
attrs 21.2.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
blas 1.0 mkl
bottleneck 1.3.2 py39h7cc1a96_1
brotli 1.0.9 ha925a31_2
bzip2 1.0.8 he774522_0
ca-certificates 2021.10.26 haa95532_2
certifi 2021.10.8 py39haa95532_0
cfitsio 3.470 he774522_6
click 7.1.2 pyhd3eb1b0_0
click-plugins 1.1.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0
cligj 0.7.2 py39haa95532_0
curl 7.78.0 h86230a5_0
cx-freeze 6.8.4 pypi_0 pypi
cx_freeze 6.8.4 py39hb82d6ee_0 conda-forge
cycler 0.10.0 py39haa95532_0
expat 2.4.1 h6c2663c_2
fiona 1.8.13.post1 py39h758c064_0
fonttools 4.25.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
freetype 2.10.4 hd328e21_0
freexl 1.0.6 h2bbff1b_0
future 0.18.2 py39haa95532_1
gdal 3.0.2 py39hb978731_1
geopandas 0.9.0 py_1
geopandas-base 0.9.0 py_1
geos 3.8.0 h33f27b4_0
geotiff 1.6.0 h5770a2b_0
hdf4 4.2.13 h712560f_2
hdf5 1.10.6 h7ebc959_0
icc_rt 2019.0.0 h0cc432a_1
importlib-metadata 4.8.1 py39haa95532_0
intel-openmp 2021.4.0 haa95532_3556
joblib 1.1.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
jpeg 9d h2bbff1b_0
kealib 1.4.14 hde4a422_0
kiwisolver 1.3.1 py39hd77b12b_0
krb5 1.19.2 h5b6d351_0
libcurl 7.78.0 h86230a5_0
libgdal 3.0.2 ha1b3edf_1
libiconv 1.15 h1df5818_7
libnetcdf 4.6.1 hf59b723_4
libpng 1.6.37 h2a8f88b_0
libpq 12.2 hb652d5d_1
libspatialindex 1.9.3 h6c2663c_0
libspatialite 4.3.0a h7ffb84d_0
libssh2 1.9.0 h7a1dbc1_1
libtiff 4.2.0 hd0e1b90_0
libwebp 1.2.0 h2bbff1b_0
libxml2 2.9.12 h0ad7f3c_0
lz4-c 1.9.3 h2bbff1b_1
m2w64-expat 2.1.1 2
m2w64-gcc-libgfortran 5.3.0 6
m2w64-gcc-libs 5.3.0 7
m2w64-gcc-libs-core 5.3.0 7
m2w64-gettext 0.19.7 2
m2w64-gmp 6.1.0 2
m2w64-libiconv 1.14 6
m2w64-libwinpthread-git 5.0.0.4634.697f757 2
m2w64-xz 5.2.2 2
macholib 1.14 pyhd3eb1b0_1
mapclassify 2.4.3 pyhd3eb1b0_0
matplotlib-base 3.4.3 py39h49ac443_0
mkl 2021.4.0 haa95532_640
mkl-service 2.4.0 py39h2bbff1b_0
mkl_fft 1.3.1 py39h277e83a_0
mkl_random 1.2.2 py39hf11a4ad_0
msys2-conda-epoch 20160418 1
munch 2.5.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
munkres 1.1.4 py_0
networkx 2.6.3 pyhd3eb1b0_0
numexpr 2.7.3 py39hb80d3ca_1
numpy 1.21.2 py39hfca59bb_0
numpy-base 1.21.2 py39h0829f74_0
olefile 0.46 pyhd3eb1b0_0
openjpeg 2.4.0 h4fc8c34_0
openssl 1.1.1l h2bbff1b_0
pandas 1.3.4 py39h6214cd6_0
pefile 2019.4.18 py_0
pillow 8.4.0 py39hd45dc43_0
pip 21.2.4 py39haa95532_0
postgresql 12.2 hb652d5d_1
proj 6.2.1 h9f7ef89_0
pycryptodome 3.10.1 py39h2bbff1b_0
pyinstaller 3.6 py39h8cc25b3_6
pyparsing 3.0.4 pyhd3eb1b0_0
pyproj 2.6.1.post1 py39h593ac45_1
python 3.9.0 h6244533_2
python-dateutil 2.8.2 pyhd3eb1b0_0
python_abi 3.9 2_cp39 conda-forge
pytz 2021.3 pyhd3eb1b0_0
pywin32 228 py39hbaba5e8_1
pywin32-ctypes 0.2.0 py39haa95532_1000
rtree 0.9.7 py39h2eaa2aa_1
scikit-learn 1.0.1 py39hf11a4ad_0
scipy 1.7.1 py39hbe87c03_2
setuptools 58.0.4 py39haa95532_0
shapely 1.7.1 py39h06580b3_0
six 1.16.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
sqlite 3.36.0 h2bbff1b_0
threadpoolctl 2.2.0 pyh0d69192_0
tiledb 2.2.9 hf84e3da_0 conda-forge
tk 8.6.11 h2bbff1b_0
tornado 6.1 py39h2bbff1b_0
tzdata 2021e hda174b7_0
vc 14.2 h21ff451_1
vs2015_runtime 14.27.29016 h5e58377_2
wheel 0.37.0 pyhd3eb1b0_1
wincertstore 0.2 py39haa95532_2
xerces-c 3.2.3 ha925a31_0
xz 5.2.5 h62dcd97_0
zipp 3.6.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
zlib 1.2.11 h62dcd97_4
zstd 1.4.9 h19a0ad4_0
我在引用其他库和二进制文件以及使用 tkinter 时遇到了同样的问题。我在 windows 10 上用 miniconda (python 3.9) 安装了 geopandas。经过大量尝试和错误，我想出了这个 cx_freeze 安装脚本：
setup_script.py:
import os
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
# Dependencies are automatically detected, but it might need fine tuning.
PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = r"C:\Users\YOUR_USERNAME\Miniconda3\envs\py39"
include_files = [(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tk86t.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tcl86t.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'Library', 'bin', 'geos_c.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'geos_c.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'Library', 'bin', 'spatialindex_c-64.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'spatialindex_c-64.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'Library', 'bin', 'spatialindex-64.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'spatialindex-64.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'Library', 'share','proj'), os.path.join('lib', 'proj')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'Lib', 'site-packages','pygeos.libs'), os.path.join('lib', 'pygeos.libs'))
]
build_exe_options = {'include_files':include_files,
'bin_includes':[r"C:\Users\YOUR_USERNAME\Miniconda3\envs\py39\Library\bin\geos_c.dll",
r"C:\Users\YOUR_USERNAME\Miniconda3\envs\py39\Library\bin\spatialindex_c-64.dll",
r"C:\Users\YOUR_USERNAME\Miniconda3\envs\py39\Library\bin\spatialindex-64.dll"]}
# TARGET
target = Executable(
script='geopandas_test.py',
base='Win32GUI' # Tip: disable this line and try to debug your program with the command line first. You might see additional .dll import errors depending on your python installation
# to debug your .exe and remain the cmd output on your screen, you must start it from command line under windows.
)
# SETUP CX FREEZE
setup(
name = "geopandas_exe_test",
version = "0.0.1",
description = "Geopandas on Win 10",
options={"build_exe": build_exe_options},
executables = [target]
)
并且在您的主脚本中，您应该包括这一行 os.environ['PROJ_LIB'] = './lib/proj'（这在 Win32GUI 模式下不起作用：pyproj.datadir.set_data_dir('./lib/proj')）
这将是一个包含 tkinter 的完整工作示例：
geopandas_test.py:
import pandas as pd
import tkinter as tk
if (getattr(sys, "frozen", False)):
print("Frozen State - Running as .exe")
os.environ['PROJ_LIB'] = './lib/proj' # SET Proj4; alternative with datadir raises error while running as Win32GUI only mode: #datadir.set_data_dir('./lib/proj')
import geopandas as geopd
import pyproj
else:
print("Running in dev mode...")
import geopandas as geopd
import pyproj
# Some sample Code below:
df = pd.DataFrame({'City': ['München'],'Latitude': [48],'Longitude': [11.5]})
gdf = geopd.GeoDataFrame(df, geometry=geopd.points_from_xy(df.Longitude, df.Latitude, crs="EPSG:4326"))
gdf = gdf.to_crs(25832)
print(gdf)
window = tk.Tk()
greeting = tk.Label(text=gdf)
greeting.pack()
window.mainloop()
为了完整起见。我按照以下步骤安装了 python 环境：
conda create --name py39 python=3.9
conda install geopandas
pip install --upgrade cx_Freeze
# DONT INSTALL tk ADDITIONALLY!
pip uninstall rtree # not sure if this is really neccessary or helps
我在尝试导出 python 文件时遇到问题。通常我在 conda 环境中使用 PyInstaller，但我读到 cx_Freeze 更容易与 geopandas 结合使用。
我生成了一个测试脚本：
# test.py
import numpy as np
import geopandas as gpd
import sys
from pyproj import _datadir, datadir
print("Test script:")
print(f"Executable {sys.executable}")
print("Read numpy list")
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)
print(x)
这个脚本运行良好，我使用的是conda环境。带有 from pyproj import _datadir, datadir 的行是为了防止 GeoPandas 的导入错误。
这是我的设置脚本：
# setup.py
import cx_Freeze
cx_Freeze.setup(
name = "test",
version = "0.1",
description = "test import geopandas",
executables = [cx_Freeze.Executable("test.py")]
)
我还尝试了另一个设置脚本：
import cx_Freeze
import sys
import os
PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = os.path.dirname(sys.executable)
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tcl8.6')
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'tcl', 'tk8.6')
include_files = [(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tk86t.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tcl86t.dll'))]
packages = ["numpy", "tkinter",
"geopandas", "shapely", "fiona"]
base = None
if sys.platform == "win32":
base = "Win32GUI"
executables = [cx_Freeze.Executable("test.py", base=base)]
cx_Freeze.setup(
name = "Network_Analyst",
options = {"build_exe": {"packages":packages,
"include_files":include_files}},
version = "0.1",
description = "Network analyst",
executables = executables
)
但是我得到了同样的错误。
我也结合 PyInstaller 尝试过这个答案：
但这没有用。
我也不明白的是错误是：
FileNotFoundError: Could not find module 'C:\Projecten\ERTMS\python\temp\Library\bin\geos_c.dll' (or one of its dependencies). Try using the full path with constructor syntax
但是包是在 /python/temp/build/exe.wim-amd64-3.9 中构建的。我在 temp 下创建了一个文件夹，并将 geos_c.dll 复制到该位置，因此路径 /python/temp/Library/bin/geos_c.dll 确实存在，但可执行文件抛出相同的错误。
这些是安装在我的 conda 环境中的包，我使用的是 windows 11.
# packages in environment at \anaconda3\envs\test_env:
#
# Name Version Build Channel
altgraph 0.17 pyhd3eb1b0_0
attrs 21.2.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
blas 1.0 mkl
bottleneck 1.3.2 py39h7cc1a96_1
brotli 1.0.9 ha925a31_2
bzip2 1.0.8 he774522_0
ca-certificates 2021.10.26 haa95532_2
certifi 2021.10.8 py39haa95532_0
cfitsio 3.470 he774522_6
click 7.1.2 pyhd3eb1b0_0
click-plugins 1.1.1 pyhd3eb1b0_0
cligj 0.7.2 py39haa95532_0
curl 7.78.0 h86230a5_0
cx-freeze 6.8.4 pypi_0 pypi
cx_freeze 6.8.4 py39hb82d6ee_0 conda-forge
cycler 0.10.0 py39haa95532_0
expat 2.4.1 h6c2663c_2
fiona 1.8.13.post1 py39h758c064_0
fonttools 4.25.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
freetype 2.10.4 hd328e21_0
freexl 1.0.6 h2bbff1b_0
future 0.18.2 py39haa95532_1
gdal 3.0.2 py39hb978731_1
geopandas 0.9.0 py_1
geopandas-base 0.9.0 py_1
geos 3.8.0 h33f27b4_0
geotiff 1.6.0 h5770a2b_0
hdf4 4.2.13 h712560f_2
hdf5 1.10.6 h7ebc959_0
icc_rt 2019.0.0 h0cc432a_1
importlib-metadata 4.8.1 py39haa95532_0
intel-openmp 2021.4.0 haa95532_3556
joblib 1.1.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
jpeg 9d h2bbff1b_0
kealib 1.4.14 hde4a422_0
kiwisolver 1.3.1 py39hd77b12b_0
krb5 1.19.2 h5b6d351_0
libcurl 7.78.0 h86230a5_0
libgdal 3.0.2 ha1b3edf_1
libiconv 1.15 h1df5818_7
libnetcdf 4.6.1 hf59b723_4
libpng 1.6.37 h2a8f88b_0
libpq 12.2 hb652d5d_1
libspatialindex 1.9.3 h6c2663c_0
libspatialite 4.3.0a h7ffb84d_0
libssh2 1.9.0 h7a1dbc1_1
libtiff 4.2.0 hd0e1b90_0
libwebp 1.2.0 h2bbff1b_0
libxml2 2.9.12 h0ad7f3c_0
lz4-c 1.9.3 h2bbff1b_1
m2w64-expat 2.1.1 2
m2w64-gcc-libgfortran 5.3.0 6
m2w64-gcc-libs 5.3.0 7
m2w64-gcc-libs-core 5.3.0 7
m2w64-gettext 0.19.7 2
m2w64-gmp 6.1.0 2
m2w64-libiconv 1.14 6
m2w64-libwinpthread-git 5.0.0.4634.697f757 2
m2w64-xz 5.2.2 2
macholib 1.14 pyhd3eb1b0_1
mapclassify 2.4.3 pyhd3eb1b0_0
matplotlib-base 3.4.3 py39h49ac443_0
mkl 2021.4.0 haa95532_640
mkl-service 2.4.0 py39h2bbff1b_0
mkl_fft 1.3.1 py39h277e83a_0
mkl_random 1.2.2 py39hf11a4ad_0
msys2-conda-epoch 20160418 1
munch 2.5.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
munkres 1.1.4 py_0
networkx 2.6.3 pyhd3eb1b0_0
numexpr 2.7.3 py39hb80d3ca_1
numpy 1.21.2 py39hfca59bb_0
numpy-base 1.21.2 py39h0829f74_0
olefile 0.46 pyhd3eb1b0_0
openjpeg 2.4.0 h4fc8c34_0
openssl 1.1.1l h2bbff1b_0
pandas 1.3.4 py39h6214cd6_0
pefile 2019.4.18 py_0
pillow 8.4.0 py39hd45dc43_0
pip 21.2.4 py39haa95532_0
postgresql 12.2 hb652d5d_1
proj 6.2.1 h9f7ef89_0
pycryptodome 3.10.1 py39h2bbff1b_0
pyinstaller 3.6 py39h8cc25b3_6
pyparsing 3.0.4 pyhd3eb1b0_0
pyproj 2.6.1.post1 py39h593ac45_1
python 3.9.0 h6244533_2
python-dateutil 2.8.2 pyhd3eb1b0_0
python_abi 3.9 2_cp39 conda-forge
pytz 2021.3 pyhd3eb1b0_0
pywin32 228 py39hbaba5e8_1
pywin32-ctypes 0.2.0 py39haa95532_1000
rtree 0.9.7 py39h2eaa2aa_1
scikit-learn 1.0.1 py39hf11a4ad_0
scipy 1.7.1 py39hbe87c03_2
setuptools 58.0.4 py39haa95532_0
shapely 1.7.1 py39h06580b3_0
six 1.16.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
sqlite 3.36.0 h2bbff1b_0
threadpoolctl 2.2.0 pyh0d69192_0
tiledb 2.2.9 hf84e3da_0 conda-forge
tk 8.6.11 h2bbff1b_0
tornado 6.1 py39h2bbff1b_0
tzdata 2021e hda174b7_0
vc 14.2 h21ff451_1
vs2015_runtime 14.27.29016 h5e58377_2
wheel 0.37.0 pyhd3eb1b0_1
wincertstore 0.2 py39haa95532_2
xerces-c 3.2.3 ha925a31_0
xz 5.2.5 h62dcd97_0
zipp 3.6.0 pyhd3eb1b0_0
zlib 1.2.11 h62dcd97_4
zstd 1.4.9 h19a0ad4_0
我在引用其他库和二进制文件以及使用 tkinter 时遇到了同样的问题。我在 windows 10 上用 miniconda (python 3.9) 安装了 geopandas。经过大量尝试和错误，我想出了这个 cx_freeze 安装脚本：
setup_script.py:
import os
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
# Dependencies are automatically detected, but it might need fine tuning.
PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR = r"C:\Users\YOUR_USERNAME\Miniconda3\envs\py39"
include_files = [(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tk86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tk86t.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'DLLs', 'tcl86t.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'tcl86t.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'Library', 'bin', 'geos_c.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'geos_c.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'Library', 'bin', 'spatialindex_c-64.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'spatialindex_c-64.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'Library', 'bin', 'spatialindex-64.dll'), os.path.join('lib', 'spatialindex-64.dll')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'Library', 'share','proj'), os.path.join('lib', 'proj')),
(os.path.join(PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR, 'Lib', 'site-packages','pygeos.libs'), os.path.join('lib', 'pygeos.libs'))
]
build_exe_options = {'include_files':include_files,
'bin_includes':[r"C:\Users\YOUR_USERNAME\Miniconda3\envs\py39\Library\bin\geos_c.dll",
r"C:\Users\YOUR_USERNAME\Miniconda3\envs\py39\Library\bin\spatialindex_c-64.dll",
r"C:\Users\YOUR_USERNAME\Miniconda3\envs\py39\Library\bin\spatialindex-64.dll"]}
# TARGET
target = Executable(
script='geopandas_test.py',
base='Win32GUI' # Tip: disable this line and try to debug your program with the command line first. You might see additional .dll import errors depending on your python installation
# to debug your .exe and remain the cmd output on your screen, you must start it from command line under windows.
)
# SETUP CX FREEZE
setup(
name = "geopandas_exe_test",
version = "0.0.1",
description = "Geopandas on Win 10",
options={"build_exe": build_exe_options},
executables = [target]
)
并且在您的主脚本中，您应该包括这一行 os.environ['PROJ_LIB'] = './lib/proj'（这在 Win32GUI 模式下不起作用：pyproj.datadir.set_data_dir('./lib/proj')）
这将是一个包含 tkinter 的完整工作示例：
geopandas_test.py:
import pandas as pd
import tkinter as tk
if (getattr(sys, "frozen", False)):
print("Frozen State - Running as .exe")
os.environ['PROJ_LIB'] = './lib/proj' # SET Proj4; alternative with datadir raises error while running as Win32GUI only mode: #datadir.set_data_dir('./lib/proj')
import geopandas as geopd
import pyproj
else:
print("Running in dev mode...")
import geopandas as geopd
import pyproj
# Some sample Code below:
df = pd.DataFrame({'City': ['München'],'Latitude': [48],'Longitude': [11.5]})
gdf = geopd.GeoDataFrame(df, geometry=geopd.points_from_xy(df.Longitude, df.Latitude, crs="EPSG:4326"))
gdf = gdf.to_crs(25832)
print(gdf)
window = tk.Tk()
greeting = tk.Label(text=gdf)
greeting.pack()
window.mainloop()
为了完整起见。我按照以下步骤安装了 python 环境：
conda create --name py39 python=3.9
conda install geopandas
pip install --upgrade cx_Freeze
# DONT INSTALL tk ADDITIONALLY!
pip uninstall rtree # not sure if this is really neccessary or helps