在 java GridBagLayout 中定位组件

Question

我是 Java 的新手，我正在制作一个应用程序来帮助我估算建筑成本。我为它构建了后端，但按钮和文本字段都排成一排，这使得应用程序太宽了，无法适应我的屏幕。我现在正在尝试使用 3x6 网格包布局来组织组件，如下所示：

      Title
question1  *answer*
question2  *answer*
question3  *answer*
question4  *answer*
  --Calculate--
Estimate:    $***

当我运行程序时，我得到一个“非法组件位置” 错误（粘贴在底部）并且不再弹出任何内容我开始添加网格约束。问题不在于 JButton 或其动作侦听器。这是代码，对不起缺少评论：

import java.util.*;
import packagepackage.HintTextFieldUI; 
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.security.PublicKey;

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.text.JTextComponent;
public class CP_GUI extends JFrame {
    
    public JLabel tLabel;
    
    public JTextField linear; 
    public JLabel liLabel;
    
   public JComboBox<String> sump; 
   public JLabel suLabel;
   
   public JComboBox<String> elec; 
   public JLabel elLabel;
   
    public JTextField prep;
    public JLabel prLabel;
    
   public JTextField estimate;
   public JLabel esLabel;
   
     public CP_GUI() { 
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
        panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(200, 200, 100, 100));
        GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
        
        String title = "Drain Tile Calculator";
        tLabel = new JLabel(title);
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 0.5;
        c.ipady = 40;
        c.gridwidth = 3;
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 0;
        panel.add(tLabel, c);
        frame.setTitle(title);

        liLabel = new JLabel("Basement Perimeter Length");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 0.5;
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridy = 0;
        panel.add(liLabel, c);
        linear = new JTextField(10);
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 0.5;
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridy = 0;
        panel.add(linear, c);
        
        prLabel = new JLabel("Time needed to prepare site:");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 0.5;
        c.gridx = 2;
        c.gridy = 0;
        panel.add(prLabel, c);
        prep = new JTextField(10);
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 0.5;
        c.gridx = 2;
        c.gridy = 2;
        panel.add(prep, c);
        
        suLabel = new JLabel("Using:");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 0.5;
        c.gridx = 3;
        c.gridy = 0;
        panel.add(suLabel, c);
        String[] sumpo = {"New sump pump","Existing sump pump"};
        sump = new JComboBox<>(sumpo);
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 0.5;
        c.gridx = 3;
        c.gridy = 2;
        panel.add(sump, c);
        
        elLabel = new JLabel("Location of electrical outlet:");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 0.5;
        c.gridx = 4;
        c.gridy = 0;
        panel.add(elLabel, c);
        String[] electo = {"There is no outlet within 6 feet of the sump pump","There is an outlet nearby, or I do not need a new pump"};
        elec = new JComboBox<>(electo);
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 0.5;
        c.gridx = 4;
        c.gridy = 2;
        panel.add(elec, c);
      
        estimate = new JTextField(10);
        
        JButton calculate = new JButton("Calculate");
        calculate.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                Integer linVar = Integer.parseInt(linear.getText());
                linVar *= 13;
                
                Object sumps = sump.getSelectedItem();
                Integer sumpVar = 0;
                if("New sump pump".equals(sumps)) {
                    sumpVar += 260;}
                
                Object elecs = elec.getSelectedItem();
                Integer elecsVar = 0;
                if("There is no outlet within 6 feet of the sump pump".equals(elecs)) {
                    elecsVar += 280;}
                
                Integer prepsVar = Integer.parseInt(prep.getText());
                prepsVar += 30;
                prepsVar *= 235;
                prepsVar /= 100;
                
                linVar += sumpVar += elecsVar += prepsVar;
                /* overhead*/
                linVar += 2428;
                /* tax */
                linVar *= 11;
                linVar /= 10;
                /* margin */
                linVar *= 12;
                linVar /= 10;
                String toWords = String.valueOf(linVar);
                 
                    estimate.setUI(new HintTextFieldUI(toWords, true));
                    }

        });
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.ipady = 40;
        c.weightx = 0.5;
        c.gridwidth = 3;
        c.gridx = 5;
        c.gridy = 0;
        panel.add(calculate, c);
        
        esLabel = new JLabel("Estimated Cost:");
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 0.5;
        c.gridwidth = 2;
        c.gridx = 6;
        c.gridy = 0;
        panel.add(esLabel, c);   
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        c.weightx = 0.5;
        c.gridx = 6;
        c.gridy = 2;
        panel.add(estimate, c); 
        

        frame.add(panel, GridBagConstraints.CENTER);
        
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
        
        linear.setUI(new HintTextFieldUI("Perimeter length", true));
        prep.setUI(new HintTextFieldUI("Minutes of preptime", true));
     }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
       new CP_GUI();
    }        
}

我怀疑这个问题可能与大小有关网格本身 (3x6) 从未定义，或与框架的布局未正确设置网格包布局。

错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: illegal component position
    at java.desktop/java.awt.Container.addImpl(Container.java:1115)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.Container.add(Container.java:1033)
    at java.desktop/javax.swing.JFrame.addImpl(JFrame.java:554)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.Container.add(Container.java:493)
    at craftsmanPeak/packagepackage.CP_GUI.<init>(CP_GUI.java:163)
    at craftsmanPeak/packagepackage.CP_GUI.main(CP_GUI.java:173)

非常感谢！非常感谢！

Answer 1

frame.add(panel, GridBagConstraints.CENTER); JFrame 默认使用 BorderLayout，去掉 GridBagConstraints.CENTER

我也清理了你的布局（相信我（网上一些陌生人说的），那是一团糟）

你弄乱了 x 和 y 的位置

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Insets;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Test();
    }

    public Test() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                JFrame frame = new JFrame();
                frame.add(new TestPane());
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

    public class TestPane extends JPanel {

        public JLabel tLabel;

        public JTextField linear;
        public JLabel liLabel;

        public JComboBox<String> sump;
        public JLabel suLabel;

        public JComboBox<String> elec;
        public JLabel elLabel;

        public JTextField prep;
        public JLabel prLabel;

        public JTextField estimate;
        public JLabel esLabel;

        public TestPane() {
            setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
            setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(16, 16, 16, 16));
            GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();

            String title = "Drain Tile Calculator";
            tLabel = new JLabel(title, JLabel.CENTER);
            c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
            c.weightx = 0.5;
            c.ipady = 40;
            c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
            c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.CENTER;
            c.gridx = 0;
            c.gridy = 0;
            add(tLabel, c);

            c = new GridBagConstraints();
            c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_END;
            c.gridy = 1;
            c.gridx = 0;

            liLabel = new JLabel("Basement Perimeter Length:");
            prLabel = new JLabel("Time needed to prepare site:");
            suLabel = new JLabel("Using:");
            elLabel = new JLabel("Location of electrical outlet:");

            add(liLabel, c);
            c.gridy++;
            add(prLabel, c);
            c.gridy++;
            add(suLabel, c);
            c.gridy++;
            add(elLabel, c);

            linear = new JTextField(10);
            prep = new JTextField(10);
            String[] sumpo = {"New sump pump", "Existing sump pump"};
            sump = new JComboBox<>(sumpo);
            String[] electo = {"There is no outlet within 6 feet of the sump pump", "There is an outlet nearby, or I do not need a new pump"};
            elec = new JComboBox<>(electo);

            c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;

            c.gridx++;
            c.gridy = 1;
            add(linear, c);
            c.gridy++;
            add(prep, c);
            c.gridy++;
            add(sump, c);
            c.gridy++;
            add(elec, c);

            JButton calculate = new JButton("Calculate");
////            calculate.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
////                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
////                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
////                    Integer linVar = Integer.parseInt(linear.getText());
////                    linVar *= 13;
////
////                    Object sumps = sump.getSelectedItem();
////                    Integer sumpVar = 0;
////                    if ("New sump pump".equals(sumps)) {
////                        sumpVar += 260;
////                    }
////
////                    Object elecs = elec.getSelectedItem();
////                    Integer elecsVar = 0;
////                    if ("There is no outlet within 6 feet of the sump pump".equals(elecs)) {
////                        elecsVar += 280;
////                    }
////
////                    Integer prepsVar = Integer.parseInt(prep.getText());
////                    prepsVar += 30;
////                    prepsVar *= 235;
////                    prepsVar /= 100;
////
////                    linVar += sumpVar += elecsVar += prepsVar;
////                    /* overhead*/
////                    linVar += 2428;
////                    /* tax */
////                    linVar *= 11;
////                    linVar /= 10;
////                    /* margin */
////                    linVar *= 12;
////                    linVar /= 10;
////                    String toWords = String.valueOf(linVar);
////
////                    estimate.setUI(new HintTextFieldUI(toWords, true));
////                }
////
////            });

            c = new GridBagConstraints();
            c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
            c.insets = new Insets(10, 0, 10, 0);
            c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
            c.gridx = 0;
            c.gridy = 5;
            add(calculate, c);

            c = new GridBagConstraints();
            c.gridx = 0;
            c.gridy = 6;
            c.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_END;

            esLabel = new JLabel("Estimated Cost:");
            estimate = new JTextField(10);

            add(esLabel, c);

            c.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
            c.gridx = 1;
            add(estimate, c);
//            linear.setUI(new HintTextFieldUI("Perimeter length", true));
//            prep.setUI(new HintTextFieldUI("Minutes of preptime", true));
        }
    }
}

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