如何在 HashMap 中打印特定值的键?

How to print keys of specific values in HashMap?

问题是如何使用 printWhiteRavens(ArrayList<String> whiteRavens) 方法打印 HashMap 中 value = 1 的书籍?在代码中,我删除了包含书籍的数组,因此代码可以更短。

 public static HashMap<String, Integer> createBooksCounter() {
        HashMap<String,Integer> createBooksCounter = new HashMap<>();
        createBooksCounter.put("Chicken Abroad",5);
        createBooksCounter.put("Lord With Sins",3);
        createBooksCounter.put("Fish And Horses",4);
        createBooksCounter.put("Mistress Of Devotion",2);
        createBooksCounter.put("Guardians And Gangsters",3);
        createBooksCounter.put("Bandit Of The Void",1);
        createBooksCounter.put("Lions Of Dread",1);
        createBooksCounter.put("Future Of Fire",2);
        createBooksCounter.put("Driving Into The Depths",1);
        createBooksCounter.put("Starting The Demons",1);
        createBooksCounter.put("Maid With Blue Eyes",2);
        createBooksCounter.put("Lovers In The Forest",1);
        createBooksCounter.put("Destruction Of The Faceless Ones",1);

        return null;
    }

    public static void countBook(HashMap<String, Integer> booksCounter, String book) {

    }

    public static ArrayList<String> findWhiteRavens(HashMap<String, Integer> booksCounter) {
        return null;    
    }

    public static void printWhiteRavens(ArrayList<String> whiteRavens) {
        return null;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    }

使用流:

yourMap.entrySet().stream().filter(e -> e.getValue() == 1)
                .forEach(element -> System.out.println(element.getKey()));

过滤地图的所有条目,从地图的键创建一个列表,这些是您的书名。将该列表传递给 printWhiteRavens,然后打印标题:

public static void main(String[] args) {
  Map<String,Integer> map = createBooksCounter();
  List<String> list = map.entrySet().stream().
                         filter(e->e.getValue()==1).
                         map(e->e.getKey()).
                         collect(Collectors.toList());
  printWhiteRavens(list);
}

public static void printWhiteRavens(List<String> whiteRavens) {
  whiteRavens.stream().forEach(System.out::println);
}

您还必须使用

createBooksCounter 方法编辑为 return 地图
return createBooksCounter;

您的方法 createBooksCounter 可能应该 return 地图而不是 null。请注意,通常您将成员声明为提供所需合同的最高通用接口。因此,即使您可以实例化 HashMap,您也将字段声明为 Map。这同样适用于方法参数和 return 类型。关于名称,我将其命名为 bookCounts,因为地图不计算任何东西,只代表书籍及其 'counts'.

public static Map<String, Integer> createBookCounts() {
    Map<String, Integer> bookCounts = new HashMap<>();
    bookCounts .put("Chicken Abroad",5);
    // ...
    return bookCounts;
}

方法findWhiteRavens 需要查找地图中count==1 的所有书籍。这与 Map 的正常用法相反,在 Map 中,您通过键而不是值来查找事物。我建议要么使用一个地图,其中计数是关键,值是书籍列表(具有该计数),要么使用带有标题和计数字段的 Book objects 列表。后一种方式在我看来是最简单也是最object-oriented的设计(使用map来收集相关字段是代码味):

class Book {

    String title;
    int count;

    Book(String title, int count) {
        this.title = title;
        this.count = count;
    }

    // accessors to be added
}

// ...

List<Book> books = new ArrayList<>();
books.add(new Book("Chicken Abroad", 5));

您可以像这样一次打印 count==1 的书籍:

books.stream()
    .filter(book -> book.getCount() == 1)
    .map(book -> book.getTitle());
    forEach(book -> System.out.println(book));

如果您更喜欢使用地图,那么这会更有意义:

private static Map<Integer, List<String>> bookTitlesByCount = new HashMap<>();

public static void main(String[] args) {
    addBookTitle("Chicken Abroad", 5);
    List<String> whiteRavens = bookTitlesByCount.get(1);
    // print them
}

private static void addBookTitle(String title, int count) {
    List<String> bookTitles = bookTitlesByCount.get(count);
    if (bookTitles == null) {
        bookTitles = new ArrayList<>();
        bookTitlesByCount.put(count, bookTitles);
    }
    bookTitles.add(title);
}