Bash 引用的换行符导致 heredoc 使用第一个换行符
Bash quoted new-lines cause heredoc to consume first new-line
如何重现
将以下示例复制到终端会话中；
gawk '{
print [=11=];
}' <<'EOF'
first
second
third
EOF
按<Enter>，然后<Arrow-Up>
[user@host ~]$ gawk '{
print [=12=];
}' <<'EOF'first
second
third
EOF
注意第一个新行被消耗的 }' <<'EOF'first 位。
将以下示例复制到终端会话中；
gawk '{ print [=13=]; }' <<'EOF'
forth
fifth
sixth
EOF
按<Enter>，然后<Arrow-Up>
[user@host ~]$ gawk '{ print [=14=]; }' <<'EOF'
forth
fifth
sixth
EOF
注意 }' <<'EOF' 位，其中第一个新行 未 被消耗。
问题
如何让 Bash 正确附加到历史记录？
我花了几个小时在网上搜索其他有这个问题的人，但没有
运气好，这是一个已知错误吗？
设备统计数据
bash --version
5.1.8(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
echo "${TERM}"
xterm-256color
uname -ro
5.13.19-2-MANJARO GNU/Linux
配置文件
~/.profile
export QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME="qt5ct"
export EDITOR=/usr/bin/nano
export GTK2_RC_FILES="$HOME/.gtkrc-2.0"
. "$HOME/.cargo/env"
export PATH="${HOME}/.npm-global/bin:${PATH}"
~/.bashrc
#
# ~/.bashrc
#
[[ $- != *i* ]] && return
colors() {
local fgc bgc vals seq0
printf "Color escapes are %s\n" '\e[${value};...;${value}m'
printf "Values 30..37 are \e[33mforeground colors\e[m\n"
printf "Values 40..47 are \e[43mbackground colors\e[m\n"
printf "Value 1 gives a \e[1mbold-faced look\e[m\n\n"
# foreground colors
for fgc in {30..37}; do
# background colors
for bgc in {40..47}; do
fgc=${fgc#37} # white
bgc=${bgc#40} # black
vals="${fgc:+$fgc;}${bgc}"
vals=${vals%%;}
seq0="${vals:+\e[${vals}m}"
printf " %-9s" "${seq0:-(default)}"
printf " ${seq0}TEXT\e[m"
printf " \e[${vals:+${vals+$vals;}}1mBOLD\e[m"
done
echo; echo
done
}
[ -r /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ] && . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
# Change the window title of X terminals
case ${TERM} in
xterm*|rxvt*|Eterm*|aterm|kterm|gnome*|interix|konsole*)
PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "3]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME%%.*}:${PWD/#$HOME/\~}[=22=]7"'
;;
screen*)
PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "3_${USER}@${HOSTNAME%%.*}:${PWD/#$HOME/\~}3\"'
;;
esac
use_color=true
# Set colorful PS1 only on colorful terminals.
# dircolors --print-database uses its own built-in database
# instead of using /etc/DIR_COLORS. Try to use the external file
# first to take advantage of user additions. Use internal bash
# globbing instead of external grep binary.
safe_term=${TERM//[^[:alnum:]]/?} # sanitize TERM
match_lhs=""
[[ -f ~/.dir_colors ]] && match_lhs="${match_lhs}$(<~/.dir_colors)"
[[ -f /etc/DIR_COLORS ]] && match_lhs="${match_lhs}$(</etc/DIR_COLORS)"
[[ -z ${match_lhs} ]] \
&& type -P dircolors >/dev/null \
&& match_lhs=$(dircolors --print-database)
[[ $'\n'${match_lhs} == *$'\n'"TERM "${safe_term}* ]] && use_color=true
if ${use_color} ; then
# Enable colors for ls, etc. Prefer ~/.dir_colors #64489
if type -P dircolors >/dev/null ; then
if [[ -f ~/.dir_colors ]] ; then
eval $(dircolors -b ~/.dir_colors)
elif [[ -f /etc/DIR_COLORS ]] ; then
eval $(dircolors -b /etc/DIR_COLORS)
fi
fi
if [[ ${EUID} == 0 ]] ; then
PS1='\[3[01;31m\][\h\[3[01;36m\] \W\[3[01;31m\]]$\[3[00m\] '
else
PS1='\[3[01;32m\][\u@\h\[3[01;37m\] \W\[3[01;32m\]]$\[3[00m\] '
fi
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --colour=auto'
alias egrep='egrep --colour=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --colour=auto'
else
if [[ ${EUID} == 0 ]] ; then
# show root@ when we don't have colors
PS1='\u@\h \W $ '
else
PS1='\u@\h \w $ '
fi
fi
unset use_color safe_term match_lhs sh
alias cp="cp -i" # confirm before overwriting something
alias df='df -h' # human-readable sizes
alias free='free -m' # show sizes in MB
alias np='nano -w PKGBUILD'
alias more=less
xhost +local:root > /dev/null 2>&1
# Bash won't get SIGWINCH if another process is in the foreground.
# Enable checkwinsize so that bash will check the terminal size when
# it regains control. #65623
# http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/bash/FAQ (E11)
shopt -s checkwinsize
shopt -s expand_aliases
# Enable history appending instead of overwriting. #139609
shopt -s histappend
#
# # ex - archive extractor
# # usage: ex <file>
ex ()
{
if [ -f ] ; then
case in
*.tar.bz2) tar xjf ;;
*.tar.gz) tar xzf ;;
*.bz2) bunzip2 ;;
*.rar) unrar x ;;
*.gz) gunzip ;;
*.tar) tar xf ;;
*.tbz2) tar xjf ;;
*.tgz) tar xzf ;;
*.zip) unzip ;;
*.Z) uncompress ;;
*.7z) 7z x ;;
*) echo "'' cannot be extracted via ex()" ;;
esac
else
echo "'' is not a valid file"
fi
}
. "$HOME/.cargo/env"
##
# Disable auto-escaping of path variables via tab-completion
# shopt -u progcomp
shopt -s direxpand
##
# Set editor for <C-x> <C-e> keyboard-shortcut
export EDITOR="$(which vim)"
##
# Find globally installed NPM scripts
export PATH="${PATH}:${HOME}/.npm/bin"
if [[ -d "${HOME}/.config/bashrc.d" ]]; then
for _p in "${HOME}/.config/bashrc.d/"*.bashrc; do
[[ -x "${_p}" ]] && {
source "${_p}"
}
done
fi
备注
我已经在其他设备上测试了示例命令，例如 Raspberry Pi
（运行 他们基于 Debian 的 Raspian），并且引用新的没有问题
导致 heredoc 换行被消耗的行。所以我相当有信心
我的 Manjaro（KDE 风格）配置有些问题。
我还检查了设备之间 shopt 选项的差异，以及
没有找到任何东西，例如
diff <(ssh rpi source '$HOME/.bashrc'; shopt -p) <(shopt -p)
#> No diff output
...所以当然欢迎提出其他比较的建议！
据我所知，写入 history 时存在一些错误，因为；
[user@host ~]$ history 2 | head -n -1
#> 512 gawk '{
#> print [=25=];
#> }' <<'EOF'first
#> second
#> third
#> EOF
并且当会话关闭时，类似于流动的历史记录被保存；
[user@host ~]$ history 7 | head -n -1
#> 487 gawk '{
#> 488 print [=26=];
#> 489 }' <<'EOF'first
#> 490 second
#> 491 third
#> 492 EOF
根据@konsolebox 的建议，我已将此报告为 Bug Bash 邮件
列表。如果找到任何解决方案，我会尽力在这里更新此 OP。
How do I get Bash to append to history correctly?
它看起来像是 5.1 中的一个合法错误（使用 5.1 和 5.1.12 进行了测试）所以答案是你不能，除非它得到修复。考虑向 bug-bash@gnu.org 发送错误报告。问题不会在 5.0 中重现。
P.S。如果有人想知道我是如何测试它的，我使用 Gentoo 并使用我制作的 ebuild 安装了 bash 的多个版本。参见 https://github.com/konsolebox/overlay/tree/master/app-shells。
如何重现
将以下示例复制到终端会话中；
gawk '{
print [=11=];
}' <<'EOF'
first
second
third
EOF
按<Enter>，然后<Arrow-Up>
[user@host ~]$ gawk '{ print [=12=]; }' <<'EOF'first second third EOF
注意第一个新行被消耗的 }' <<'EOF'first 位。
将以下示例复制到终端会话中；
gawk '{ print [=13=]; }' <<'EOF'
forth
fifth
sixth
EOF
按<Enter>，然后<Arrow-Up>
[user@host ~]$ gawk '{ print [=14=]; }' <<'EOF' forth fifth sixth EOF
注意 }' <<'EOF' 位，其中第一个新行 未 被消耗。
问题
如何让 Bash 正确附加到历史记录？
我花了几个小时在网上搜索其他有这个问题的人，但没有 运气好，这是一个已知错误吗？
设备统计数据
bash --version
5.1.8(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
echo "${TERM}"
xterm-256color
uname -ro
5.13.19-2-MANJARO GNU/Linux
配置文件
~/.profile
export QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME="qt5ct"
export EDITOR=/usr/bin/nano
export GTK2_RC_FILES="$HOME/.gtkrc-2.0"
. "$HOME/.cargo/env"
export PATH="${HOME}/.npm-global/bin:${PATH}"
~/.bashrc
#
# ~/.bashrc
#
[[ $- != *i* ]] && return
colors() {
local fgc bgc vals seq0
printf "Color escapes are %s\n" '\e[${value};...;${value}m'
printf "Values 30..37 are \e[33mforeground colors\e[m\n"
printf "Values 40..47 are \e[43mbackground colors\e[m\n"
printf "Value 1 gives a \e[1mbold-faced look\e[m\n\n"
# foreground colors
for fgc in {30..37}; do
# background colors
for bgc in {40..47}; do
fgc=${fgc#37} # white
bgc=${bgc#40} # black
vals="${fgc:+$fgc;}${bgc}"
vals=${vals%%;}
seq0="${vals:+\e[${vals}m}"
printf " %-9s" "${seq0:-(default)}"
printf " ${seq0}TEXT\e[m"
printf " \e[${vals:+${vals+$vals;}}1mBOLD\e[m"
done
echo; echo
done
}
[ -r /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ] && . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
# Change the window title of X terminals
case ${TERM} in
xterm*|rxvt*|Eterm*|aterm|kterm|gnome*|interix|konsole*)
PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "3]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME%%.*}:${PWD/#$HOME/\~}[=22=]7"'
;;
screen*)
PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "3_${USER}@${HOSTNAME%%.*}:${PWD/#$HOME/\~}3\"'
;;
esac
use_color=true
# Set colorful PS1 only on colorful terminals.
# dircolors --print-database uses its own built-in database
# instead of using /etc/DIR_COLORS. Try to use the external file
# first to take advantage of user additions. Use internal bash
# globbing instead of external grep binary.
safe_term=${TERM//[^[:alnum:]]/?} # sanitize TERM
match_lhs=""
[[ -f ~/.dir_colors ]] && match_lhs="${match_lhs}$(<~/.dir_colors)"
[[ -f /etc/DIR_COLORS ]] && match_lhs="${match_lhs}$(</etc/DIR_COLORS)"
[[ -z ${match_lhs} ]] \
&& type -P dircolors >/dev/null \
&& match_lhs=$(dircolors --print-database)
[[ $'\n'${match_lhs} == *$'\n'"TERM "${safe_term}* ]] && use_color=true
if ${use_color} ; then
# Enable colors for ls, etc. Prefer ~/.dir_colors #64489
if type -P dircolors >/dev/null ; then
if [[ -f ~/.dir_colors ]] ; then
eval $(dircolors -b ~/.dir_colors)
elif [[ -f /etc/DIR_COLORS ]] ; then
eval $(dircolors -b /etc/DIR_COLORS)
fi
fi
if [[ ${EUID} == 0 ]] ; then
PS1='\[3[01;31m\][\h\[3[01;36m\] \W\[3[01;31m\]]$\[3[00m\] '
else
PS1='\[3[01;32m\][\u@\h\[3[01;37m\] \W\[3[01;32m\]]$\[3[00m\] '
fi
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --colour=auto'
alias egrep='egrep --colour=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --colour=auto'
else
if [[ ${EUID} == 0 ]] ; then
# show root@ when we don't have colors
PS1='\u@\h \W $ '
else
PS1='\u@\h \w $ '
fi
fi
unset use_color safe_term match_lhs sh
alias cp="cp -i" # confirm before overwriting something
alias df='df -h' # human-readable sizes
alias free='free -m' # show sizes in MB
alias np='nano -w PKGBUILD'
alias more=less
xhost +local:root > /dev/null 2>&1
# Bash won't get SIGWINCH if another process is in the foreground.
# Enable checkwinsize so that bash will check the terminal size when
# it regains control. #65623
# http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/bash/FAQ (E11)
shopt -s checkwinsize
shopt -s expand_aliases
# Enable history appending instead of overwriting. #139609
shopt -s histappend
#
# # ex - archive extractor
# # usage: ex <file>
ex ()
{
if [ -f ] ; then
case in
*.tar.bz2) tar xjf ;;
*.tar.gz) tar xzf ;;
*.bz2) bunzip2 ;;
*.rar) unrar x ;;
*.gz) gunzip ;;
*.tar) tar xf ;;
*.tbz2) tar xjf ;;
*.tgz) tar xzf ;;
*.zip) unzip ;;
*.Z) uncompress ;;
*.7z) 7z x ;;
*) echo "'' cannot be extracted via ex()" ;;
esac
else
echo "'' is not a valid file"
fi
}
. "$HOME/.cargo/env"
##
# Disable auto-escaping of path variables via tab-completion
# shopt -u progcomp
shopt -s direxpand
##
# Set editor for <C-x> <C-e> keyboard-shortcut
export EDITOR="$(which vim)"
##
# Find globally installed NPM scripts
export PATH="${PATH}:${HOME}/.npm/bin"
if [[ -d "${HOME}/.config/bashrc.d" ]]; then
for _p in "${HOME}/.config/bashrc.d/"*.bashrc; do
[[ -x "${_p}" ]] && {
source "${_p}"
}
done
fi
备注
我已经在其他设备上测试了示例命令，例如 Raspberry Pi （运行 他们基于 Debian 的 Raspian），并且引用新的没有问题 导致 heredoc 换行被消耗的行。所以我相当有信心 我的 Manjaro（KDE 风格）配置有些问题。
我还检查了设备之间 shopt 选项的差异，以及
没有找到任何东西，例如
diff <(ssh rpi source '$HOME/.bashrc'; shopt -p) <(shopt -p)
#> No diff output
...所以当然欢迎提出其他比较的建议！
据我所知，写入 history 时存在一些错误，因为；
[user@host ~]$ history 2 | head -n -1 #> 512 gawk '{ #> print [=25=]; #> }' <<'EOF'first #> second #> third #> EOF
并且当会话关闭时，类似于流动的历史记录被保存；
[user@host ~]$ history 7 | head -n -1 #> 487 gawk '{ #> 488 print [=26=]; #> 489 }' <<'EOF'first #> 490 second #> 491 third #> 492 EOF
根据@konsolebox 的建议，我已将此报告为 Bug Bash 邮件 列表。如果找到任何解决方案，我会尽力在这里更新此 OP。
How do I get Bash to append to history correctly?
它看起来像是 5.1 中的一个合法错误（使用 5.1 和 5.1.12 进行了测试）所以答案是你不能，除非它得到修复。考虑向 bug-bash@gnu.org 发送错误报告。问题不会在 5.0 中重现。
P.S。如果有人想知道我是如何测试它的，我使用 Gentoo 并使用我制作的 ebuild 安装了 bash 的多个版本。参见 https://github.com/konsolebox/overlay/tree/master/app-shells。