使用 Python 返回键嵌套字典

Returning keys nested dictionary with Python

编辑:感谢@arzo 的捕获

我有一个嵌套字典,结构如下:

{
"key1":"string",
"key2":[{"nestedkey":"nestedvalue"}],
"key3":[1,2,3],
"key4":[{"nestedlevel1key":[{"nestedlevel2key":"nestedlevel2value"}]}],
"key5": {},
"key6": {"regularkey": "regularvalue"},
"key7": 15
}

其中字典键可以包含:

  1. 字符串
  2. 整数
  3. 词典列表
  4. 包含词典列表的词典列表
  5. 空字典
  6. 普通字典

问题陈述正在优化一种可以处理返回字典中所有键的方法。我可以这样写:

def get_keys(dict_example):
    keys = []

    for k,v in dict_example.items():
        keys.append(k)
        if isinstance(v, dict):
            for k in v.keys():
                keys.append(k)
        if isinstance(v, list):
            if isinstance(v[0], dict):
                for k,v in v[0].items():
                    keys.append(k)
                    if isinstance(v, list) and isinstance(v[0], dict):
                        for k in v[0].keys():
                            keys.append(k) 
    return keys
         keys = get_keys(dict_example)

            
print(keys)

这会给我(无特定顺序)键列表:

['key1', 'key2', 'nestedkey1', 'key3', 'key4', 'nestedlevel1key', 'nestedlevel2key', 'key5', 'key6', 'regularkey', 'key7']

但我不确定是否有一种优化的方法可以简化以处理所有 6 个用例,这些用例也可以横向穿过数组,而不管有多少级别。现在我对级别数进行了启发式计算,但我需要考虑这个数组中的更深级别。

他们只有 2 种情况需要处理:listdict 因为它们包含其他东西,然后使用递归

  • 对于 dict :保留键,并搜索值
  • for list:搜索值
def get_keys(item):
    keys = []
    if isinstance(item, dict):
        for k, v in item.items():
            keys.append(k)
            keys.extend(get_keys(v))
    elif isinstance(item, (list, tuple)):
        for x in item:
            keys.extend(get_keys(x))
    return keys

values = {
    "key1": "string", "key2": [{"nestedkey": "nestedvalue"}], "key3": [1, 2, 3],
    "key4": [{"nestedlevel1key": [{"nestedlevel2key": "nestedlevel2value"}]}],
    "key5": {}, "key6": {"regularkey": "regularvalue"},
}

keys = get_keys(values)
print(keys)
# ['key1', 'key2', 'nestedkey', 'key3', 'key4', 'nestedlevel1key', 'nestedlevel2key', 'key5', 'key6', 'regularkey']

你可以用递归函数解决这个问题,而不是大量的嵌套循环:

origDict = {
"key1":"string",
"key2":[{"nestedkey":"nestedvalue"}],
"key3":[1,2,3],
"key4":[{"nestedlevel1key":[{"nestedlevel2key":"nestedlevel2value"}]}],
"key5": {},
"key6": {"regularkey": "regularvalue"},
"key7": 15
}

keyList = []

def get_keys(inDict, listOfKeys):
    for k, v in inDict.items():
        listOfKeys.append(k)
        if isinstance(v, list):
            for item in v:
                if isinstance(item, dict):
                    get_keys(item, listOfKeys)
        elif isinstance(v, dict):
            get_keys(v, listOfKeys)

get_keys(origDict, keyList)
print(keyList)

这会打印:

['key1', 'key2', 'nestedkey', 'key3', 'key4', 'nestedlevel1key', 
'nestedlevel2key', 'key5', 'key6', 'regularkey', 'key7']```