模拟请求和结果以尽可能进行最小的单元测试

Question

我正在使用 Express 构建后台应用程序。它专门通过路由从前端调用，然后调用外部 API 返回结果。这是逻辑的示例代码：

dashboard.route.ts

const router = Router();
const dashboardController = new DashboardController();

router.get("/distantCall", dashboardController.getDistantCall);

dashboard.controller.ts

import { Request, Response, NextFunction } from "express";
import DashboardService from "../services/dashboard.service";

export class DashboardController {
    async getDistantCall(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) {
        DashboardService.getDistantCalls()
            .then((result: any) => {
                res.status(200).send(result);
            }).catch((error: any) => {
                next(error);
            });
    }
}

dashboard.service.ts

import { DashboardApi } from './dashboard.api';

class DashboardService {
    public async getDistantCall() {
        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
            new DashboardApi().getDistantCall()
                .then((response: any) => {
                    resolve({
                        distantResponse: response.body
                    });
                })
                .catch((error) => {
                    reject(error);
                });
        });
    }

仪表板API class 进行外部 http 调用和 returns 承诺。对于此示例，它 returns 一个简单的文本“distantSuccess”

对于我的测试，我可以很容易地编写集成测试

dashboard.routes.spec.ts

import chai from "chai";
import chaiHttp from "chai-http";
import { expect } from "chai";
chai.use(chaiHttp);

import createServer from "../../src/server";
const app = createServer();

describe("dashboard routes", function() {    
    it('nominal distant call', async () => {
        const res = await chai.request(app).get("/dashboard/distantCall");
        expect(res.status).to.eq(200);
        expect(res.body).to.be.a('object');
        expect(res.body).to.have.property('distantResponse');
        expect(res.body.distantResponse).to.eq('distantSuccess');
    });
});

我的问题是构建 unit 测试。据我了解，我应该只测试控制器或服务，并使用模拟和存根来模拟范围之外的元素。这是我做的两个测试：

dashboard.controller.spec.ts

import { Request, Response, NextFunction } from "express";
import chai from "chai";
import chaiHttp from "chai-http";
import { expect } from "chai";
import sinon from "sinon";
chai.use(chaiHttp);

import createServer from "../../src/server";
const app = createServer();
import { DashboardController } from "../../src/controllers/dashboard.controller";
const dashboardController = new DashboardController();
import DashboardService from "../../src/services/dashboard.service";

describe("dashboard routes with fake objects", function () {
    it("distant call by controller", async () => {
        const mockRequest: any = {
            headers: {},
            body: {},
        };
        const mockResponse: any = {
            body: { distantResponse: "About..." },
            text: "test",
            status: 200,
        };
        const mockNext: NextFunction = () => {};

        await dashboardController.getDistantCallSucces(mockRequest, mockResponse, mockNext);

        expect(mockResponse.status).to.eq(200);
        expect(mockResponse.body).to.be.a("object");
        expect(mockResponse.body).to.have.property("distantResponse");
        expect(mockResponse.body.distantResponse).to.eq("About...");
    });
});

describe("dashboard routes with stubs", function () {
    before(() => {
        sinon
            .stub(DashboardService, "getDistantCall")
            .yields({ distantResponse: "distantSuccess" });
        });

    it("distant call by controller", async () => {
        const mockRequest: any = {};
        const mockResponse: any = {};
        const mockNext: NextFunction = () => {};

        const res = await dashboardController.getDistantCall(mockRequest, mockResponse, mockNext);
        console.log(res);
    });
});

第一次测试，我显然不明白它的用途。我正在测试我刚刚创建的对象，甚至不知道是否调用了该服务。我觉得我应该做一些更像第二次测试的事情，但是我得到了这个错误： TypeError: getDistantCall 预期产生，但没有传递回调。

Answer 1

我终于找到了解决方案。

我创建了两个单独的文件：一个用于集成测试，一个用于单元测试。我稍微调整了来自远程服务器的响应，现在是 'from distant server' 而不是上一条消息中设置的 "distantResponse" . 在控制器和服务上，我还将 getDistantCall 更改为两个不同的函数 getDistantCallSucces 和 getDistantCallError 以强制解决并拒绝集成测试。

仪表板-integration.spec.ts

import chai, { expect } from "chai";
import chaiHttp from "chai-http";
chai.use(chaiHttp);
import sinon from "sinon";

import app from "../src/app";
import { DashboardAPI } from '../src/dashboard/dashboard.api';

describe("Dashboard intagration tests", () => {    
    describe("Integration with server online", () => {
        it('Dashboard routes up', async () => {
            const res = await chai.request(app).get("/dashboard");
            expect(res.status).to.eq(200);
            expect(res.text).to.eq('dashboard');
        });
        it('full process with expected success', async () => {
            const res = await chai.request(app).get("/dashboard/distantCallSuccess").set("code", "12345");
            expect(res.status).to.eq(200);
            expect(res.body).to.be.a('object');
            expect(res.body).to.have.property('distantResponse');
            expect(res.body.distantResponse).to.eq('from distant server');
        });
        it('full process with expected error', async () => {
            const res = await chai.request(app).get("/dashboard/distantCallError");
            expect(res.status).to.eq(500);
        });
    });

    describe("Integration with mocked server", () => {
        beforeEach(() => {
            sinon.restore();
        });
        it('full process with expected resolve', async () => {
            const mockedResponse = {body: 'mocked'};
            sinon.stub(DashboardAPI.prototype, 'getDistantCallSuccess').resolves(mockedResponse);
            const res = await chai.request(app).get("/dashboard/distantCallSuccess").set("code", "12345");
            expect(res.status).to.eq(200);
            expect(res.body).to.be.a('object');
            expect(res.body).to.have.property('distantResponse');
            expect(res.body.distantResponse).to.eq('mocked');
        });
        it('full process with expected reject', async () => {
            sinon.stub(DashboardAPI.prototype, 'getDistantCallSuccess').rejects({mockedError: true});
            const res = await chai.request(app).get("/dashboard/distantCallSuccess").set("code", "12345");
            expect(res.status).to.eq(500);
        });
    });
});

仪表板-unit.spec.ts

我不得不使用 node-mocks-http 来模拟请求和响应对象

import chai, { expect } from "chai";
import chaiHttp from "chai-http";
import sinon from "sinon";
import httpMocks from "node-mocks-http";
chai.use(chaiHttp);

import { DashboardController } from "../src/dashboard/dashboard.controller";
import DashboardService from "../src/dashboard/dashboard.service";
import { DashboardAPI } from '../src/dashboard/dashboard.api';

describe("Unit Testing the Dashboard process", () => {
    describe("Unit Testing the controller", () => {
        const dashboardController = new DashboardController();
        beforeEach(() => {
            sinon.restore();
        });
        it("testing controller call without headers [catch]", async () => {
            var request = httpMocks.createRequest({});
            var response = httpMocks.createResponse();
            const next = () => {};
        
            await dashboardController.getDistantCallSuccess(request, response, next);

            expect(response._getStatusCode()).to.eq(500);
            expect(response._getData()).to.eq("Missing HEADER Parameter");
        });
        it("testing controller call with headers [resolve]", async () => {
            const mockedResponse = {
                mockedResponse: true
            };
            sinon.stub(DashboardService, 'getDistantCallSuccess').resolves(mockedResponse);
            var request = httpMocks.createRequest({
                headers: { code: "123" }
            });
            var response = httpMocks.createResponse();
            const next = () => {};
        
            await dashboardController.getDistantCallSuccess(request, response, next);
            expect(response._getStatusCode()).to.eq(200);
            expect(response._getData()).to.eql({mockedResponse: true});
        });
        it("testing controller call with headers [reject]", async () => {
            sinon.stub(DashboardService, 'getDistantCallSuccess').rejects({customError: true});
            
            const request = httpMocks.createRequest({});
            const response = httpMocks.createResponse();
            const next = (res) => {
                expect(res).to.eql({customError: true});
            };
            await dashboardController.getDistantCallError(request, response, next);
        });
    });
    
    describe("Unit Testing the service", () => {
        beforeEach(() => {
            sinon.restore();
        });
        it("testing service call with resolve", async() => {
            const mockedResponse = {
                body: 'mocked'
            };
            sinon.stub(DashboardAPI.prototype, 'getDistantCallSuccess').resolves(mockedResponse);
            
            let result;
            await DashboardService.getDistantCallSuccess().then(res => {
                result = res;
            });
            expect(result).to.be.a('object');
            expect(result).to.be.haveOwnProperty('distantResponse');
            expect(result.distantResponse).to.eq('mocked');
        });
        it("testing service call with reject", async() => {
            sinon.stub(DashboardAPI.prototype, 'getDistantCallSuccess').rejects({mockedError: true});
            
            let result;
            await DashboardService.getDistantCallSuccess()
                .then(res => {
                    result = res;
                })
                .catch(err => {
                    result = err;
                });
            expect(result).to.eql({mockedError: true});
        });
    });
});

模拟请求和结果以尽可能进行最小的单元测试

Mocking request & result to have smallest unit-test possible

unit-testing

node.js

express

sinon

chai