为什么 client.connect 不接受完整地址

Question

我正在尝试编写一段代码，其中 ESP32 安全地连接到我的 api-服务器和 post 一些传感器数据。为此，我使用 WifiClientSecure 库。

通过反复试验，我发现 client.connect(www.myserver.com, 443); 有效。

但是client.connect(www.myserver.com/api, 443);会报错。我在互联网上搜索了解决方案，但找不到。

完整代码：

#include <arduino.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>

const char* ssid     = "filled out ssid";     // your network SSID 
const char* password = "filled out password"; // your network password

const char*  server = "www.server.com/api";  // Server URL

/* use 
openssl s_client -showcerts -connect www.howsmyssl.com:443 </dev/null 
to get this certificate */
const char* ca_cert = \ 
"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" \
"MIIF3jCCA8agAwIBAgIQAf1tMPyjylGoG7xkDjUDLTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFADCB\n" \
"iDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxEzARBgNVBAgTCk5ldyBKZXJzZXkxFDASBgNVBAcTC0pl\n" \
"cnNleSBDaXR5MR4wHAYDVQQKExVUaGUgVVNFUlRSVVNUIE5ldHdvcmsxLjAsBgNV\n" \
"BAMTJVVTRVJUcnVzdCBSU0EgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGlvbiBBdXRob3JpdHkwHhcNMTAw\n" \
"MjAxMDAwMDAwWhcNMzgwMTE4MjM1OTU5WjCBiDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxEzARBgNV\n" \
"BAgTCk5ldyBKZXJzZXkxFDASBgNVBAcTC0plcnNleSBDaXR5MR4wHAYDVQQKExVU\n" \
"aGUgVVNFUlRSVVNUIE5ldHdvcmsxLjAsBgNVBAMTJVVTRVJUcnVzdCBSU0EgQ2Vy\n" \
"dGlmaWNhdGlvbiBBdXRob3JpdHkwggIiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4ICDwAwggIK\n" \
"AoICAQCAEmUXNg7D2wiz0KxXDXbtzSfTTK1Qg2HiqiBNCS1kCdzOiZ/MPans9s/B\n" \
"3PHTsdZ7NygRK0faOca8Ohm0X6a9fZ2jY0K2dvKpOyuR+OJv0OwWIJAJPuLodMkY\n" \
"tJHUYmTbf6MG8YgYapAiPLz+E/CHFHv25B+O1ORRxhFnRghRy4YUVD+8M/5+bJz/\n" \
"Fp0YvVGONaanZshyZ9shZrHUm3gDwFA66Mzw3LyeTP6vBZY1H1dat//O+T23LLb2\n" \
"VN3I5xI6Ta5MirdcmrS3ID3KfyI0rn47aGYBROcBTkZTmzNg95S+UzeQc0PzMsNT\n" \
"79uq/nROacdrjGCT3sTHDN/hMq7MkztReJVni+49Vv4M0GkPGw/zJSZrM233bkf6\n" \
"c0Plfg6lZrEpfDKEY1WJxA3Bk1QwGROs0303p+tdOmw1XNtB1xLaqUkL39iAigmT\n" \
"Yo61Zs8liM2EuLE/pDkP2QKe6xJMlXzzawWpXhaDzLhn4ugTncxbgtNMs+1b/97l\n" \
"c6wjOy0AvzVVdAlJ2ElYGn+SNuZRkg7zJn0cTRe8yexDJtC/QV9AqURE9JnnV4ee\n" \
"UB9XVKg+/XRjL7FQZQnmWEIuQxpMtPAlR1n6BB6T1CZGSlCBst6+eLf8ZxXhyVeE\n" \
"Hg9j1uliutZfVS7qXMYoCAQlObgOK6nyTJccBz8NUvXt7y+CDwIDAQABo0IwQDAd\n" \
"BgNVHQ4EFgQUU3m/WqorSs9UgOHYm8Cd8rIDZsswDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgEGMA8G\n" \
"A1UdEwEB/wQFMAMBAf8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEMBQADggIBAFzUfA3P9wF9QZllDHPF\n" \
"Up/L+M+ZBn8b2kMVn54CVVeWFPFSPCeHlCjtHzoBN6J2/FNQwISbxmtOuowhT6KO\n" \
"VWKR82kV2LyI48SqC/3vqOlLVSoGIG1VeCkZ7l8wXEskEVX/JJpuXior7gtNn3/3\n" \
"ATiUFJVDBwn7YKnuHKsSjKCaXqeYalltiz8I+8jRRa8YFWSQEg9zKC7F4iRO/Fjs\n" \
"8PRF/iKz6y+O0tlFYQXBl2+odnKPi4w2r78NBc5xjeambx9spnFixdjQg3IM8WcR\n" \
"iQycE0xyNN+81XHfqnHd4blsjDwSXWXavVcStkNr/+XeTWYRUc+ZruwXtuhxkYze\n" \
"Sf7dNXGiFSeUHM9h4ya7b6NnJSFd5t0dCy5oGzuCr+yDZ4XUmFF0sbmZgIn/f3gZ\n" \
"XHlKYC6SQK5MNyosycdiyA5d9zZbyuAlJQG03RoHnHcAP9Dc1ew91Pq7P8yF1m9/\n" \
"qS3fuQL39ZeatTXaw2ewh0qpKJ4jjv9cJ2vhsE/zB+4ALtRZh8tSQZXq9EfX7mRB\n" \
"VXyNWQKV3WKdwrnuWih0hKWbt5DHDAff9Yk2dDLWKMGwsAvgnEzDHNb842m1R0aB\n" \
"L6KCq9NjRHDEjf8tM7qtj3u1cIiuPhnPQCjY/MiQu12ZIvVS5ljFH4gxQ+6IHdfG\n" \
"jjxDah2nGN59PRbxYvnKkKj9\n" \
"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" ;


/* create an instance of WiFiClientSecure */
WiFiClientSecure client;

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(115200);

    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

    /* waiting for WiFi connect */
    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
        Serial.print(".");
        delay(100);
    }

    Serial.print("Connected to ");
    Serial.println(ssid);

    /* set SSL/TLS certificate */
    client.setCACert(ca_cert);

    Serial.println("Connect to server via port 443");
    if (!client.connect(server, 443)){
        Serial.println("Connection failed!");
    } else {
        Serial.println("Connected to server!");
        /* create HTTP request */
        
        Serial.print("Waiting for response ");
        while (!client.available()){
            delay(50); //
            Serial.print(".");
        }  
        /* if data is available then receive and print to Terminal */
        while (client.available()) {
            char c = client.read();
            Serial.write(c);
        }

        /* if the server disconnected, stop the client */
        if (!client.connected()) {
            Serial.println();
            Serial.println("Server disconnected");
            client.stop();
        }
  }
}

void loop() {
}

Answer 1

www.server.com/api 是部分 URL。完整的 URL 将是 https://www.server.com/api，其中：

https - 这部分称为方案或协议。 HTTPS 意味着默认的 TCP 端口 443（http 意味着默认端口 80）
www.server.com - 域部分，也可以称为服务器地址。
api- 这是服务器上的一个路径

WiFiClient或WiFiClientSecure是TCP客户端，它对URL一无所知。 TCP 客户端只识别地址，以 IP 地址 (192.168.1.20) 或 FQDN（然后转换为 IP 地址）的形式给出。

使用 HTTPClient 请求 HTTP 资源更容易。

编辑：FNDQ->FQDN

为什么 client.connect 不接受完整地址

Why doesnt client.connect accept a full adress

ssl

arduino

ssl-certificate

esp32