pip install 在 Dockerfile 中失败，但在 Container 中是可能的
pip install fails in Dockerfile, but is possible in Container
我有一个带有 32 位基本映像的 RPI4，现在我需要使用 32 位，所以 armv7l 架构。
我想 运行 jupyterlab 在上面做一些数据科学。我也是新手docker，请大家多多指教
为此，我创建了一个 Dockerfile jupyterlab 和一些其他包：
FROM python:3.9.9-slim-buster
WORKDIR /
COPY wheels ./wheels
## INSTALL WITH APK
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-cache -y \
g++ \
gcc \
python3-dev \
# jpeg-dev \
# zlib-dev \
# python3-pip \
make \
wget \
libatlas-base-dev \
libffi-dev
## INSTALL WITH PIP
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
pip install --no-cache-dir setuptools && \
pip install --no-cache-dir cffi && \
#pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/numpy-1.21.4-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/scipy-1.7.2-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/Pillow-8.1.2-cp39-none-any.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/pandas-1.3.4-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/matplotlib-3.5.0-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
#pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/matplotlib-3.4.3-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/jupyterlab-4.0.0a15-py3-none-any.whl
# Does not work in Dockerfile, but afterwards
RUN pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib && \
pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall pandas
...
我从镜像创建容器后，无法使用matplotlib和pandas。它缺少 libjpeg 和其他一些依赖项，我无法安装。重新安装 matplotlib 和 pandas 后，我终于可以导入它们了。
那么为什么我不能将其写入我的 Dockerfile，但可以 运行 它在控制台的容器中？
这在这一行我得到一个错误：
# Does not work in Dockerfile, but afterwards
RUN pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib && \
pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall pandas
这是 docker 的构建日志：
docker buildx build --platform linux/arm/v7 -t jupyter:latestBUSTER --load .
[+] Building 2026.5s (9/14)
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 2.75kB 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.9.9-slim-buster 2.0s
=> [ 1/11] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.9.9-slim-buster@sha256:1894f5a820074eef46c09cb88df 0.0s
=> => resolve docker.io/library/python:3.9.9-slim-buster@sha256:1894f5a820074eef46c09cb88df65 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 4.83kB 0.0s
=> CACHED [ 2/11] COPY wheels ./wheels 0.0s
=> CACHED [ 3/11] RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y g++ make wget liba 0.0s
=> [ 4/11] RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && pip install --no-cache-dir 1217.8s
=> ERROR [ 5/11] RUN pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib pandas 806.5s
------
> [ 5/11] RUN pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib pandas:
#9 5.621 Collecting matplotlib
#9 5.837 Downloading matplotlib-3.5.1.tar.gz (35.3 MB)
#9 19.99 Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
#9 35.15 Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
#9 35.15 ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
#9 35.15 command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv
#9 35.15 cwd: /tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/
#9 35.15 Complete output (90 lines):
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 Edit mplsetup.cfg to change the build options; suppress output with --quiet.
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 BUILDING MATPLOTLIB
#9 35.15 python: yes [3.9.9 (main, Dec 3 2021, 12:52:50) [GCC 8.3.0]]
#9 35.15 platform: yes [linux]
#9 35.15 tests: no [skipping due to configuration]
#9 35.15 macosx: no [Mac OS-X only]
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 running egg_info
#9 35.15 creating /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info
#9 35.15 writing /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info/PKG-INFO
#9 35.15 writing dependency_links to /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
#9 35.15 writing namespace_packages to /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info/namespace_packages.txt
#9 35.15 writing requirements to /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info/requires.txt
#9 35.15 writing top-level names to /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info/top_level.txt
#9 35.15 writing manifest file '/tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
#9 35.15 Traceback (most recent call last):
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/__init__.py", line 22, in <module>
#9 35.15 from . import multiarray
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/multiarray.py", line 12, in <module>
#9 35.15 from . import overrides
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/overrides.py", line 7, in <module>
#9 35.15 from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
#9 35.15 ImportError: /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libm.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.29' not found (required by /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-39-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so)
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 Traceback (most recent call last):
#9 35.15 File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
#9 35.15 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setup.py", line 273, in <module>
#9 35.15 setup( # Finally, pass this all along to setuptools to do the heavy lifting.
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 153, in setup
#9 35.15 return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
#9 35.15 dist.run_commands()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
#9 35.15 self.run_command(cmd)
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
#9 35.15 cmd_obj.run()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 299, in run
#9 35.15 self.find_sources()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 306, in find_sources
#9 35.15 mm.run()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 541, in run
#9 35.15 self.add_defaults()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 578, in add_defaults
#9 35.15 sdist.add_defaults(self)
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/command/sdist.py", line 228, in add_defaults
#9 35.15 self._add_defaults_ext()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/command/sdist.py", line 311, in _add_defaults_ext
#9 35.15 build_ext = self.get_finalized_command('build_ext')
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/cmd.py", line 299, in get_finalized_command
#9 35.15 cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/cmd.py", line 107, in ensure_finalized
#9 35.15 self.finalize_options()
#9 35.15 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setup.py", line 78, in finalize_options
#9 35.15 self.distribution.ext_modules[:] = [
#9 35.15 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setup.py", line 81, in <listcomp>
#9 35.15 for ext in package.get_extensions()
#9 35.15 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setupext.py", line 381, in get_extensions
#9 35.15 add_numpy_flags(ext)
#9 35.15 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setupext.py", line 493, in add_numpy_flags
#9 35.15 import numpy as np
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py", line 150, in <module>
#9 35.15 from . import core
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/__init__.py", line 48, in <module>
#9 35.15 raise ImportError(msg)
#9 35.15 ImportError:
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS FOR ADVICE ON HOW TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE!
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 Importing the numpy C-extensions failed. This error can happen for
#9 35.15 many reasons, often due to issues with your setup or how NumPy was
#9 35.15 installed.
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 We have compiled some common reasons and troubleshooting tips at:
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 https://numpy.org/devdocs/user/troubleshooting-importerror.html
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 Please note and check the following:
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 * The Python version is: Python3.9 from "/usr/local/bin/python"
#9 35.15 * The NumPy version is: "1.21.4"
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 and make sure that they are the versions you expect.
#9 35.15 Please carefully study the documentation linked above for further help.
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 Original error was: /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libm.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.29' not found (required by /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-39-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so)
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 ----------------------------------------
#9 35.15 WARNING: Discarding https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/46/425a44ab9a71afd2f2c8a78b039c1af8ec21e370047f0ad6e43ca819788e/matplotlib-3.5.1.tar.gz#sha256=b2e9810e09c3a47b73ce9cab5a72243a1258f61e7900969097a817232246ce1c (from https://pypi.org/simple/matplotlib/) (requires-python:>=3.7). Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
#9 35.22 Downloading matplotlib-3.5.0.tar.gz (35.0 MB)
#9 46.61 Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
#9 61.26 Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
#9 61.26 ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
#9 61.26 command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_cbcfb5d58f91495e99292752b0a4b614/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_cbcfb5d58f91495e99292752b0a4b614/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-gcp5p8dk
#9 61.26 cwd: /tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_cbcfb5d58f91495e99292752b0a4b614/
#9 61.26 Complete output (90 lines):
#9 61.26
#9 61.26 Edit mplsetup.cfg to change the build options; suppress output with --quiet.
#9 61.26
.................................
#9 785.9 Downloading matplotlib-0.86.1.tar.gz (2.6 MB)
#9 788.3 Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
#9 789.7 Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
#9 789.7 ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
#9 789.7 command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_a84ab2b5496c45688637895fdbd6d8b4/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_a84ab2b5496c45688637895fdbd6d8b4/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-red4rtzy
#9 789.7 cwd: /tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_a84ab2b5496c45688637895fdbd6d8b4/
#9 789.7 Complete output (6 lines):
#9 789.7 Traceback (most recent call last):
#9 789.7 File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
#9 789.7 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_a84ab2b5496c45688637895fdbd6d8b4/setup.py", line 105
#9 789.7 print 'installing data to', datapath
#9 789.7 ^
#9 789.7 SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print('installing data to', datapath)?
#9 789.7 ----------------------------------------
#9 789.7 WARNING: Discarding https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ba/7f/2405de5ef84e7069095c17efd7c6a4a4120b1a9054731ac231163705c3a9/matplotlib-0.86.1.tar.gz#sha256=886d0cc85c74370c6f7502d4b6a054fe32106283c8e94896675eca3dacce350e (from https://pypi.org/simple/matplotlib/). Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
#9 789.8 Downloading matplotlib-0.86.tar.gz (2.6 MB)
#9 792.1 Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
#9 793.6 Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
#9 793.6 ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
#9 793.6 command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_7c34facfebde40a58712b239be4a94cd/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_7c34facfebde40a58712b239be4a94cd/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-vhs2f2lw
#9 793.6 cwd: /tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_7c34facfebde40a58712b239be4a94cd/
#9 793.6 Complete output (6 lines):
#9 793.6 Traceback (most recent call last):
#9 793.6 File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
#9 793.6 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_7c34facfebde40a58712b239be4a94cd/setup.py", line 105
#9 793.6 print 'installing data to', datapath
#9 793.6 ^
#9 793.6 SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print('installing data to', datapath)?
#9 793.6 ----------------------------------------
#9 793.6 WARNING: Discarding https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/09/1a/1015c9ec4b8b13b6c6edfa3fa3d2f0e05860f80414c7d80ccfc7787f1220/matplotlib-0.86.tar.gz#sha256=67e9c4d076c5920125ee5e85c654b3e00c81bceed1b8b2ec431e8133045093d9 (from https://pypi.org/simple/matplotlib/). Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
#9 793.6 ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement matplotlib (from versions: 0.86, 0.86.1, 0.86.2, 0.91.0, 0.91.1, 1.0.1, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 1.2.0, 1.2.1, 1.3.0, 1.3.1, 1.4.0, 1.4.1rc1, 1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.4.3, 1.5.0, 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 1.5.3, 2.0.0b1, 2.0.0b2, 2.0.0b3, 2.0.0b4, 2.0.0rc1, 2.0.0rc2, 2.0.0, 2.0.1, 2.0.2, 2.1.0rc1, 2.1.0, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.2.0rc1, 2.2.0, 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.2.4, 2.2.5, 3.0.0rc2, 3.0.0, 3.0.1, 3.0.2, 3.0.3, 3.1.0rc1, 3.1.0rc2, 3.1.0, 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.2.0rc1, 3.2.0rc3, 3.2.0, 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.3.0rc1, 3.3.0, 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3, 3.3.4, 3.4.0rc1, 3.4.0rc2, 3.4.0rc3, 3.4.0, 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3, 3.5.0b1, 3.5.0rc1, 3.5.0, 3.5.1)
#9 793.6 ERROR: No matching distribution found for matplotlib
------
Dockerfile:56
--------------------
54 | pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/jupyterlab-4.0.0a15-py3-none-any.whl
55 |
56 | >>> RUN pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib pandas
57 |
58 | #RUN update-alternatives --config x-www-browser
--------------------
error: failed to solve: process "/bin/sh -c pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib pandas" did not complete successfully: exit code: 1
我还将提供容器的“pip freeze”，之后另外安装了 matplotlib 和 panday，也许这有帮助：
# pip freeze
anyio==3.4.0
argon2-cffi==21.1.0
attrs==21.2.0
Babel==2.9.1
backcall==0.2.0
bleach==4.1.0
certifi==2021.10.8
cffi==1.15.0
charset-normalizer==2.0.7
cPython==0.0.6
cycler==0.11.0
debugpy==1.5.1
decorator==5.1.0
defusedxml==0.7.1
entrypoints==0.3
fonttools==4.28.3
glibc==0.6.1
idna==3.3
ipykernel==6.5.1
ipython==7.29.0
ipython-genutils==0.2.0
jedi==0.18.1
Jinja2==3.0.3
json5==0.9.6
jsonschema==4.2.1
jupyter-client==7.1.0
jupyter-core==4.9.1
jupyter-server==1.12.0
jupyterlab @ file:///wheels/jupyterlab-4.0.0a15-py3-none-any.whl
jupyterlab-pygments==0.1.2
jupyterlab-server==2.8.2
kiwisolver==1.3.2
MarkupSafe==2.0.1
matplotlib==3.5.1
matplotlib-inline==0.1.3
mistune==0.8.4
nbclassic==0.3.4
nbclient==0.5.9
nbconvert==6.3.0
nbformat==5.1.3
nest-asyncio==1.5.1
notebook==6.4.6
numpy==1.21.4
packaging==21.3
pandas==1.3.5
pandocfilters==1.5.0
parso==0.8.2
pexpect==4.8.0
pickleshare==0.7.5
Pillow==8.4.0
prometheus-client==0.12.0
prompt-toolkit==3.0.22
ptyprocess==0.7.0
pycparser==2.21
Pygments==2.10.0
pylibjpeg-libjpeg==1.2.0
pymongo==4.0.1
pyparsing==3.0.6
pyrsistent==0.18.0
python-dateutil==2.8.2
pytz==2021.3
pyzmq==22.3.0
requests==2.26.0
scipy @ file:///wheels/scipy-1.7.2-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl
Send2Trash==1.8.0
setuptools-scm==6.3.2
six==1.16.0
sniffio==1.2.0
terminado==0.12.1
testpath==0.5.0
tomli==1.2.2
tornado==6.1
traitlets==5.1.1
urllib3==1.26.7
wcwidth==0.2.5
webencodings==0.5.1
websocket-client==1.2.1
这些是我为部分解决问题而发出的一些命令：
matplotlib:
pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib:
Successfully installed cycler-0.11.0 fonttools-4.28.3 kiwisolver-1.3.2 matplotlib-3.5.1 numpy-1.21.4 packaging-21.3 pillow-8.4.0 pyparsing-3.0.6 python-dateutil-2.8.2 six-1.16.0
pillow:
pip install GLIBC
pandas:
AttributeError: partially initialized module 'pandas' has no attribute 'core' (most likely due to a circular import)
感谢您的时间和精力。
我通过在 运行 命令之上编写 matplotlib 和 pandas 来修复它。这是固定的 dockerfile：
FROM python:3.9.9-slim-buster
WORKDIR /
COPY wheels ./wheels
## INSTALL WITH APK
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
g++ \
gcc \
python3-dev \
libjpeg-dev \
zlib1g-dev \
make \
wget \
libatlas-base-dev \
libffi-dev
## INSTALL WITH PIP
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
pip install --no-cache-dir pillow && \
pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib && \
pip install --no-cache-dir pandas && \
pip install --no-cache-dir setuptools && \
pip install --no-cache-dir cffi && \
pip install --no-cache-dir GLIBC && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/numpy-1.21.4-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/scipy-1.7.2-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/jupyterlab-4.0.0a15-py3-none-any.whl
但现在我将降级到 python 3.7.12 或 3.6 以支持像 conda 这样的包管理器和一些其他包如 tensorflow 和 scikit-learn，它们没有为 armv7 和 python3.9.
我有一个带有 32 位基本映像的 RPI4，现在我需要使用 32 位，所以 armv7l 架构。
我想 运行 jupyterlab 在上面做一些数据科学。我也是新手docker，请大家多多指教
为此，我创建了一个 Dockerfile jupyterlab 和一些其他包：
FROM python:3.9.9-slim-buster
WORKDIR /
COPY wheels ./wheels
## INSTALL WITH APK
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-cache -y \
g++ \
gcc \
python3-dev \
# jpeg-dev \
# zlib-dev \
# python3-pip \
make \
wget \
libatlas-base-dev \
libffi-dev
## INSTALL WITH PIP
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
pip install --no-cache-dir setuptools && \
pip install --no-cache-dir cffi && \
#pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/numpy-1.21.4-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/scipy-1.7.2-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/Pillow-8.1.2-cp39-none-any.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/pandas-1.3.4-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/matplotlib-3.5.0-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
#pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/matplotlib-3.4.3-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/jupyterlab-4.0.0a15-py3-none-any.whl
# Does not work in Dockerfile, but afterwards
RUN pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib && \
pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall pandas
...
我从镜像创建容器后，无法使用matplotlib和pandas。它缺少 libjpeg 和其他一些依赖项，我无法安装。重新安装 matplotlib 和 pandas 后，我终于可以导入它们了。 那么为什么我不能将其写入我的 Dockerfile，但可以 运行 它在控制台的容器中？ 这在这一行我得到一个错误：
# Does not work in Dockerfile, but afterwards
RUN pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib && \
pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall pandas
这是 docker 的构建日志：
docker buildx build --platform linux/arm/v7 -t jupyter:latestBUSTER --load .
[+] Building 2026.5s (9/14)
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 2.75kB 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.9.9-slim-buster 2.0s
=> [ 1/11] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.9.9-slim-buster@sha256:1894f5a820074eef46c09cb88df 0.0s
=> => resolve docker.io/library/python:3.9.9-slim-buster@sha256:1894f5a820074eef46c09cb88df65 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 4.83kB 0.0s
=> CACHED [ 2/11] COPY wheels ./wheels 0.0s
=> CACHED [ 3/11] RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y g++ make wget liba 0.0s
=> [ 4/11] RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && pip install --no-cache-dir 1217.8s
=> ERROR [ 5/11] RUN pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib pandas 806.5s
------
> [ 5/11] RUN pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib pandas:
#9 5.621 Collecting matplotlib
#9 5.837 Downloading matplotlib-3.5.1.tar.gz (35.3 MB)
#9 19.99 Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
#9 35.15 Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
#9 35.15 ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
#9 35.15 command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv
#9 35.15 cwd: /tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/
#9 35.15 Complete output (90 lines):
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 Edit mplsetup.cfg to change the build options; suppress output with --quiet.
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 BUILDING MATPLOTLIB
#9 35.15 python: yes [3.9.9 (main, Dec 3 2021, 12:52:50) [GCC 8.3.0]]
#9 35.15 platform: yes [linux]
#9 35.15 tests: no [skipping due to configuration]
#9 35.15 macosx: no [Mac OS-X only]
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 running egg_info
#9 35.15 creating /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info
#9 35.15 writing /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info/PKG-INFO
#9 35.15 writing dependency_links to /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
#9 35.15 writing namespace_packages to /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info/namespace_packages.txt
#9 35.15 writing requirements to /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info/requires.txt
#9 35.15 writing top-level names to /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info/top_level.txt
#9 35.15 writing manifest file '/tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-bfl4k4wv/matplotlib.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
#9 35.15 Traceback (most recent call last):
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/__init__.py", line 22, in <module>
#9 35.15 from . import multiarray
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/multiarray.py", line 12, in <module>
#9 35.15 from . import overrides
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/overrides.py", line 7, in <module>
#9 35.15 from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
#9 35.15 ImportError: /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libm.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.29' not found (required by /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-39-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so)
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 Traceback (most recent call last):
#9 35.15 File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
#9 35.15 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setup.py", line 273, in <module>
#9 35.15 setup( # Finally, pass this all along to setuptools to do the heavy lifting.
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 153, in setup
#9 35.15 return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
#9 35.15 dist.run_commands()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
#9 35.15 self.run_command(cmd)
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/dist.py", line 985, in run_command
#9 35.15 cmd_obj.run()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 299, in run
#9 35.15 self.find_sources()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 306, in find_sources
#9 35.15 mm.run()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 541, in run
#9 35.15 self.add_defaults()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 578, in add_defaults
#9 35.15 sdist.add_defaults(self)
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/command/sdist.py", line 228, in add_defaults
#9 35.15 self._add_defaults_ext()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/command/sdist.py", line 311, in _add_defaults_ext
#9 35.15 build_ext = self.get_finalized_command('build_ext')
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/cmd.py", line 299, in get_finalized_command
#9 35.15 cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/distutils/cmd.py", line 107, in ensure_finalized
#9 35.15 self.finalize_options()
#9 35.15 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setup.py", line 78, in finalize_options
#9 35.15 self.distribution.ext_modules[:] = [
#9 35.15 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setup.py", line 81, in <listcomp>
#9 35.15 for ext in package.get_extensions()
#9 35.15 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setupext.py", line 381, in get_extensions
#9 35.15 add_numpy_flags(ext)
#9 35.15 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_57b5e7b28dea459a90ea3c2ac3ee7833/setupext.py", line 493, in add_numpy_flags
#9 35.15 import numpy as np
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py", line 150, in <module>
#9 35.15 from . import core
#9 35.15 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/__init__.py", line 48, in <module>
#9 35.15 raise ImportError(msg)
#9 35.15 ImportError:
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS FOR ADVICE ON HOW TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE!
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 Importing the numpy C-extensions failed. This error can happen for
#9 35.15 many reasons, often due to issues with your setup or how NumPy was
#9 35.15 installed.
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 We have compiled some common reasons and troubleshooting tips at:
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 https://numpy.org/devdocs/user/troubleshooting-importerror.html
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 Please note and check the following:
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 * The Python version is: Python3.9 from "/usr/local/bin/python"
#9 35.15 * The NumPy version is: "1.21.4"
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 and make sure that they are the versions you expect.
#9 35.15 Please carefully study the documentation linked above for further help.
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 Original error was: /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libm.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.29' not found (required by /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-39-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so)
#9 35.15
#9 35.15 ----------------------------------------
#9 35.15 WARNING: Discarding https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/46/425a44ab9a71afd2f2c8a78b039c1af8ec21e370047f0ad6e43ca819788e/matplotlib-3.5.1.tar.gz#sha256=b2e9810e09c3a47b73ce9cab5a72243a1258f61e7900969097a817232246ce1c (from https://pypi.org/simple/matplotlib/) (requires-python:>=3.7). Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
#9 35.22 Downloading matplotlib-3.5.0.tar.gz (35.0 MB)
#9 46.61 Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
#9 61.26 Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
#9 61.26 ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
#9 61.26 command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_cbcfb5d58f91495e99292752b0a4b614/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_cbcfb5d58f91495e99292752b0a4b614/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-gcp5p8dk
#9 61.26 cwd: /tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_cbcfb5d58f91495e99292752b0a4b614/
#9 61.26 Complete output (90 lines):
#9 61.26
#9 61.26 Edit mplsetup.cfg to change the build options; suppress output with --quiet.
#9 61.26
.................................
#9 785.9 Downloading matplotlib-0.86.1.tar.gz (2.6 MB)
#9 788.3 Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
#9 789.7 Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
#9 789.7 ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
#9 789.7 command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_a84ab2b5496c45688637895fdbd6d8b4/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_a84ab2b5496c45688637895fdbd6d8b4/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-red4rtzy
#9 789.7 cwd: /tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_a84ab2b5496c45688637895fdbd6d8b4/
#9 789.7 Complete output (6 lines):
#9 789.7 Traceback (most recent call last):
#9 789.7 File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
#9 789.7 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_a84ab2b5496c45688637895fdbd6d8b4/setup.py", line 105
#9 789.7 print 'installing data to', datapath
#9 789.7 ^
#9 789.7 SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print('installing data to', datapath)?
#9 789.7 ----------------------------------------
#9 789.7 WARNING: Discarding https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ba/7f/2405de5ef84e7069095c17efd7c6a4a4120b1a9054731ac231163705c3a9/matplotlib-0.86.1.tar.gz#sha256=886d0cc85c74370c6f7502d4b6a054fe32106283c8e94896675eca3dacce350e (from https://pypi.org/simple/matplotlib/). Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
#9 789.8 Downloading matplotlib-0.86.tar.gz (2.6 MB)
#9 792.1 Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
#9 793.6 Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
#9 793.6 ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
#9 793.6 command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_7c34facfebde40a58712b239be4a94cd/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_7c34facfebde40a58712b239be4a94cd/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-vhs2f2lw
#9 793.6 cwd: /tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_7c34facfebde40a58712b239be4a94cd/
#9 793.6 Complete output (6 lines):
#9 793.6 Traceback (most recent call last):
#9 793.6 File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
#9 793.6 File "/tmp/pip-install-o8gmzlfp/matplotlib_7c34facfebde40a58712b239be4a94cd/setup.py", line 105
#9 793.6 print 'installing data to', datapath
#9 793.6 ^
#9 793.6 SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print('installing data to', datapath)?
#9 793.6 ----------------------------------------
#9 793.6 WARNING: Discarding https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/09/1a/1015c9ec4b8b13b6c6edfa3fa3d2f0e05860f80414c7d80ccfc7787f1220/matplotlib-0.86.tar.gz#sha256=67e9c4d076c5920125ee5e85c654b3e00c81bceed1b8b2ec431e8133045093d9 (from https://pypi.org/simple/matplotlib/). Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
#9 793.6 ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement matplotlib (from versions: 0.86, 0.86.1, 0.86.2, 0.91.0, 0.91.1, 1.0.1, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 1.2.0, 1.2.1, 1.3.0, 1.3.1, 1.4.0, 1.4.1rc1, 1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.4.3, 1.5.0, 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 1.5.3, 2.0.0b1, 2.0.0b2, 2.0.0b3, 2.0.0b4, 2.0.0rc1, 2.0.0rc2, 2.0.0, 2.0.1, 2.0.2, 2.1.0rc1, 2.1.0, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.2.0rc1, 2.2.0, 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.2.4, 2.2.5, 3.0.0rc2, 3.0.0, 3.0.1, 3.0.2, 3.0.3, 3.1.0rc1, 3.1.0rc2, 3.1.0, 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3, 3.2.0rc1, 3.2.0rc3, 3.2.0, 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.3.0rc1, 3.3.0, 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3, 3.3.4, 3.4.0rc1, 3.4.0rc2, 3.4.0rc3, 3.4.0, 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3, 3.5.0b1, 3.5.0rc1, 3.5.0, 3.5.1)
#9 793.6 ERROR: No matching distribution found for matplotlib
------
Dockerfile:56
--------------------
54 | pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/jupyterlab-4.0.0a15-py3-none-any.whl
55 |
56 | >>> RUN pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib pandas
57 |
58 | #RUN update-alternatives --config x-www-browser
--------------------
error: failed to solve: process "/bin/sh -c pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib pandas" did not complete successfully: exit code: 1
我还将提供容器的“pip freeze”，之后另外安装了 matplotlib 和 panday，也许这有帮助：
# pip freeze
anyio==3.4.0
argon2-cffi==21.1.0
attrs==21.2.0
Babel==2.9.1
backcall==0.2.0
bleach==4.1.0
certifi==2021.10.8
cffi==1.15.0
charset-normalizer==2.0.7
cPython==0.0.6
cycler==0.11.0
debugpy==1.5.1
decorator==5.1.0
defusedxml==0.7.1
entrypoints==0.3
fonttools==4.28.3
glibc==0.6.1
idna==3.3
ipykernel==6.5.1
ipython==7.29.0
ipython-genutils==0.2.0
jedi==0.18.1
Jinja2==3.0.3
json5==0.9.6
jsonschema==4.2.1
jupyter-client==7.1.0
jupyter-core==4.9.1
jupyter-server==1.12.0
jupyterlab @ file:///wheels/jupyterlab-4.0.0a15-py3-none-any.whl
jupyterlab-pygments==0.1.2
jupyterlab-server==2.8.2
kiwisolver==1.3.2
MarkupSafe==2.0.1
matplotlib==3.5.1
matplotlib-inline==0.1.3
mistune==0.8.4
nbclassic==0.3.4
nbclient==0.5.9
nbconvert==6.3.0
nbformat==5.1.3
nest-asyncio==1.5.1
notebook==6.4.6
numpy==1.21.4
packaging==21.3
pandas==1.3.5
pandocfilters==1.5.0
parso==0.8.2
pexpect==4.8.0
pickleshare==0.7.5
Pillow==8.4.0
prometheus-client==0.12.0
prompt-toolkit==3.0.22
ptyprocess==0.7.0
pycparser==2.21
Pygments==2.10.0
pylibjpeg-libjpeg==1.2.0
pymongo==4.0.1
pyparsing==3.0.6
pyrsistent==0.18.0
python-dateutil==2.8.2
pytz==2021.3
pyzmq==22.3.0
requests==2.26.0
scipy @ file:///wheels/scipy-1.7.2-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl
Send2Trash==1.8.0
setuptools-scm==6.3.2
six==1.16.0
sniffio==1.2.0
terminado==0.12.1
testpath==0.5.0
tomli==1.2.2
tornado==6.1
traitlets==5.1.1
urllib3==1.26.7
wcwidth==0.2.5
webencodings==0.5.1
websocket-client==1.2.1
这些是我为部分解决问题而发出的一些命令：
matplotlib:
pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall matplotlib:
Successfully installed cycler-0.11.0 fonttools-4.28.3 kiwisolver-1.3.2 matplotlib-3.5.1 numpy-1.21.4 packaging-21.3 pillow-8.4.0 pyparsing-3.0.6 python-dateutil-2.8.2 six-1.16.0
pillow:
pip install GLIBC
pandas:
AttributeError: partially initialized module 'pandas' has no attribute 'core' (most likely due to a circular import)
感谢您的时间和精力。
我通过在 运行 命令之上编写 matplotlib 和 pandas 来修复它。这是固定的 dockerfile：
FROM python:3.9.9-slim-buster
WORKDIR /
COPY wheels ./wheels
## INSTALL WITH APK
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
g++ \
gcc \
python3-dev \
libjpeg-dev \
zlib1g-dev \
make \
wget \
libatlas-base-dev \
libffi-dev
## INSTALL WITH PIP
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
pip install --no-cache-dir pillow && \
pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib && \
pip install --no-cache-dir pandas && \
pip install --no-cache-dir setuptools && \
pip install --no-cache-dir cffi && \
pip install --no-cache-dir GLIBC && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/numpy-1.21.4-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/scipy-1.7.2-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl && \
pip install --no-cache-dir /wheels/jupyterlab-4.0.0a15-py3-none-any.whl
但现在我将降级到 python 3.7.12 或 3.6 以支持像 conda 这样的包管理器和一些其他包如 tensorflow 和 scikit-learn，它们没有为 armv7 和 python3.9.