当文件路径中有 space 时，命令行中的 运行 exe 文件出现问题

Question

我尝试通过 Windows 10 命令行通过 Python 或 VBA 代码使用 Winrar 自动归档目录中的文件夹。考虑到可能会有空格，我把所有路径都用引号括起来了。
但是我 运行 在 Python 或 VBA;
中都遇到了同样的错误 " 'C:/Program' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序或批处理文件。"
这是未完成的示例 Python 代码尝试；

def folders_2_Winrar(source_path:str, archive_path:str, password:str='', winrar_path:str='"C:/Program Files/WinRAR/winrar.exe"')->None:
    import os
    
    folder_list = path_entries(source_path)['folders']  ## separate function that returns a list of folders in a directory
    for f in folder_list:
        rar = '"'+ archive_path + os.path.basename(f) +'.rar'+'"'
        f = r'"'+f+'\*.*"'
        cmd = winrar_path+' a -hp' + password + ' -ep1 ' + rar + ' ' + f 
        os.system(cmd)

# test the function
folders_2_Winrar("E:/Test/Source", "E:/Test\Archive/","123")

什么问题我没有把握好？？！！

Answer 1

简短回答：使用完整路径的 shorthanded 版本："C:/Progra~1/WinRAR/winrar.exe"

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更长的答案：命令提示符不喜欢路径之间的 space。通常在提示本身中，您需要使用引号来表示包含 space 的完整路径，或者使用 ~1（波浪符号）的 shorthand 约定。

这是我挖出的 web archived Microsoft knowledge base，我将其作为副本包含在此处，以防它出现故障：

Windows generates short file names from long file names in the following manner:

• Windows deletes any invalid characters and spaces from the file name. Invalid characters include: . " / \ [ ] : ; = ,

• Because short file names can contain only one period (.), Windows removes additional periods from the file name if valid, non-space characters follow the final period in the file name.

  For example, Windows generates the short file name Thisis~1.txt from the long file name This is a really long filename.123.456.789.txt

  Otherwise, Windows ignores the final period and uses the next to the last period. For example, Windows generates the short file name Thisis~1.789 from the long file name This is a really long filename.123.456.789.

• Windows truncates the file name, if necessary, to six characters and appends a tilde (~) and a digit. For example, each unique file name created ends with "~1." Duplicate file names end with "~2," "~3," and so on.

• Windows truncates the file name extension to three characters or less.

• Windows translates all characters in the file name and extension to uppercase.

Note that if a folder or file name contains a space, but less than eight characters, Windows still creates a short file name. This behavior may cause problems if you attempt to access such a file or folder over a network. To work around this situation, substitute a valid character, such as an underscore (_), for the space. If you do so, Windows does not create a different short file name

For example, "Afile~1.doc" is generated from "A file.doc" because the long file name contains a space.

No short file name is generated from "A_file.doc" because the file name contains less than eight characters and does not contain a space.

The short file name "Alongf~1.txt" is generated from the long file name "A long filename.txt" because the long file name contains more than eight characters.

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替代答案：您可以尝试在您打算 运行:

的 cmd 中添加引号

# using f-strings for Python 3.6+
cmd = f'"{winrar_path}" a -hp {password} -ep1 {rar} {f}' 

# or using good ol' format:
cmd = '"{path}" a -hp {pw} -ep1 {file} {fl}'.format(path=winrar_path, pw=password, file=rar, fl=f)

Answer 2

没有完整的答案。但我可以通过删除 for 循环中的引号将其设置为 运行。似乎字符串路径在有空格时必须用引号括起来。而不是当它没有时。

def folders_2_Winrar(source_path:str, archive_path:str, password:str='', winrar_path:str='"C:\Program Files\WinRAR\winrar.exe"')->None:
    import os
    
    folder_list = path_entries(source_path)['folders']  ## separate function that returns a list of folders in a directory
    for f in folder_list:
        rar = archive_path + os.path.basename(f) +'.rar'
        f = f+'\*.*'
        cmd = winrar_path+' a -hp' + password + ' -ep1 ' + rar + ' ' + f 
        os.system(cmd)

# test the function
folders_2_Winrar("E:/Test/Source", "E:/Test\Archive/","123")