如何使用 d3.js 将条形图的条形放置在 xAxis 的正确位置?
How to place the bars of a bar chart in the right positions of the xAxis using d3.js?
我正在制作条形图,但在将条形图位置与 xAxis 匹配时遇到问题。它们不在正确的位置,例如,将条形图悬停在 2010 年标记上方,您可以看到它显示的是 2007 年的值。我该如何解决?
let url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/freeCodeCamp/ProjectReferenceData/master/GDP-data.json";
const padding = 50;
const height = 460;
const width = 940;
const barthickness = 2.909090909090909;
var svg = d3.select('body')
.append('svg')
.attr('width', width)
.attr('height', height);
var arr = [];
var years = [];
d3.json(url, function(data) {
for (let i = 0; i < data.data.length; i++) {
arr[i] = data.data[i];
years[i] = parseInt(data.data[i][0].slice(0,4));
}
const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(arr, (d) => d[1])])
.range([height - padding, padding]);
const xScale = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([d3.min(years, d => d), d3.max(years, (d) => d)])
.range([padding, width - padding]);
const xAxis = d3.axisBottom(xScale);
const yAxis = d3.axisLeft(yScale);
svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(0," + (height - padding) + ")")
.call(xAxis);
svg.append('g')
.attr('transform', 'translate(' + padding + ', 0)')
.call(yAxis)
svg.selectAll('rect')
.data(arr)
.enter()
.append('rect')
.attr('fill', 'blue')
.attr('height', d => height - padding - yScale(d[1]))
.attr('width', barthickness)
.attr('x', (d, i) => padding + (3.2* i))
.attr('y', d => yScale(d[1]))
.append('title')
.text((d, i) => years[i] + ': ' + d[1])
});
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v4.min.js"></script>
问题是您没有使用 x 尺度来定位条形图。您正在使用 padding + (3.2* i)
设置条形的 x 坐标,这与您的比例不一致。您的图表宽度为 840 像素,有 275 个条形,每个条形约为 3.055 像素。您的代码每 3.2 个像素放置一个条,这太远了。
通常使用条形图,而不是硬编码条形粗细,您使用 band scale。您需要在轴上使用刻度并定位条形。
或者,由于您处理的是时态数据,您也可以考虑使用面积图而不是条形图。
下面我为您的数据提供了两个外观相似的图表。一张是条形图,一张是面积图。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v7.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="bar-chart"></div>
<div id="area-chart"></div>
<script>
const url = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/freeCodeCamp/ProjectReferenceData/master/GDP-data.json';
d3.json(url).then(json => {
// convert the string into Date objects
const parse = d3.timeParse('%Y-%m-%d');
const data = json.data.map(d => ({ date: parse(d[0]), value: d[1] }));
barchart(data);
areachart(data);
});
function barchart(data) {
// set up
const margin = { top: 20, right: 20, bottom: 20, left: 30 };
const width = 600 - margin.left - margin.right;
const height = 300 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
const svg = d3.select('#bar-chart')
.append('svg')
.attr('width', width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr('height', height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.append('g')
.attr('transform', `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
// scales
const x = d3.scaleBand()
.domain(data.map(d => d.date))
.range([0, width]);
const y = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value)])
.range([height, 0]);
// axes
// by default, axes for band scales show tick marks for every bar
// that would be too cluttered for this data, so we override this
// by explicitly setting tickValues()
const [minDate, maxDate] = d3.extent(data, d => d.date);
const xAxis = d3.axisBottom(x)
.tickSizeOuter(0)
// only show the year in the tick labels
.tickFormat(d3.timeFormat('%Y'))
.tickValues(d3.timeTicks(minDate, maxDate, 10));
const yAxis = d3.axisLeft(y)
.tickSizeOuter(0)
.ticks(10, '~s');
svg.append('g')
.attr('transform', `translate(0,${height})`)
.call(xAxis);
svg.append('g')
.call(yAxis);
// bars
// function to convert Date into string showing the month and year
const format = d3.timeFormat('%b %Y');
svg.selectAll('rect')
.data(data)
.join('rect')
.attr('x', d => x(d.date))
.attr('width', d => x.bandwidth())
.attr('y', d => y(d.value))
.attr('height', d => height - y(d.value))
.attr('fill', 'steelblue')
.append('title')
.text(d => `${format(d.date)}: ${d.value}`)
}
function areachart(data) {
// set up
const margin = { top: 20, right: 20, bottom: 20, left: 30 };
const width = 600 - margin.left - margin.right;
const height = 300 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
const svg = d3.select('#area-chart')
.append('svg')
.attr('width', width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr('height', height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.append('g')
.attr('transform', `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
// scales
const x = d3.scaleTime()
.domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.date))
.range([0, width]);
const y = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value)])
.range([height, 0]);
// area generator
const area = d3.area()
.x(d => x(d.date))
.y0(y(0))
.y1(d => y(d.value))
.curve(d3.curveStepAfter);
// axes
const xAxis = d3.axisBottom(x)
.tickSizeOuter(0)
// only show the year in the tick labels
.tickFormat(d3.timeFormat('%Y'));
const yAxis = d3.axisLeft(y)
.tickSizeOuter(0)
.ticks(10, '~s');
svg.append('g')
.attr('transform', `translate(0,${height})`)
.call(xAxis);
svg.append('g')
.call(yAxis);
// area
svg.append('path')
.attr('d', area(data))
.attr('fill', 'steelblue')
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
我正在制作条形图,但在将条形图位置与 xAxis 匹配时遇到问题。它们不在正确的位置,例如,将条形图悬停在 2010 年标记上方,您可以看到它显示的是 2007 年的值。我该如何解决?
let url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/freeCodeCamp/ProjectReferenceData/master/GDP-data.json";
const padding = 50;
const height = 460;
const width = 940;
const barthickness = 2.909090909090909;
var svg = d3.select('body')
.append('svg')
.attr('width', width)
.attr('height', height);
var arr = [];
var years = [];
d3.json(url, function(data) {
for (let i = 0; i < data.data.length; i++) {
arr[i] = data.data[i];
years[i] = parseInt(data.data[i][0].slice(0,4));
}
const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(arr, (d) => d[1])])
.range([height - padding, padding]);
const xScale = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([d3.min(years, d => d), d3.max(years, (d) => d)])
.range([padding, width - padding]);
const xAxis = d3.axisBottom(xScale);
const yAxis = d3.axisLeft(yScale);
svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(0," + (height - padding) + ")")
.call(xAxis);
svg.append('g')
.attr('transform', 'translate(' + padding + ', 0)')
.call(yAxis)
svg.selectAll('rect')
.data(arr)
.enter()
.append('rect')
.attr('fill', 'blue')
.attr('height', d => height - padding - yScale(d[1]))
.attr('width', barthickness)
.attr('x', (d, i) => padding + (3.2* i))
.attr('y', d => yScale(d[1]))
.append('title')
.text((d, i) => years[i] + ': ' + d[1])
});
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v4.min.js"></script>
问题是您没有使用 x 尺度来定位条形图。您正在使用 padding + (3.2* i)
设置条形的 x 坐标,这与您的比例不一致。您的图表宽度为 840 像素,有 275 个条形,每个条形约为 3.055 像素。您的代码每 3.2 个像素放置一个条,这太远了。
通常使用条形图,而不是硬编码条形粗细,您使用 band scale。您需要在轴上使用刻度并定位条形。
或者,由于您处理的是时态数据,您也可以考虑使用面积图而不是条形图。
下面我为您的数据提供了两个外观相似的图表。一张是条形图,一张是面积图。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v7.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="bar-chart"></div>
<div id="area-chart"></div>
<script>
const url = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/freeCodeCamp/ProjectReferenceData/master/GDP-data.json';
d3.json(url).then(json => {
// convert the string into Date objects
const parse = d3.timeParse('%Y-%m-%d');
const data = json.data.map(d => ({ date: parse(d[0]), value: d[1] }));
barchart(data);
areachart(data);
});
function barchart(data) {
// set up
const margin = { top: 20, right: 20, bottom: 20, left: 30 };
const width = 600 - margin.left - margin.right;
const height = 300 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
const svg = d3.select('#bar-chart')
.append('svg')
.attr('width', width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr('height', height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.append('g')
.attr('transform', `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
// scales
const x = d3.scaleBand()
.domain(data.map(d => d.date))
.range([0, width]);
const y = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value)])
.range([height, 0]);
// axes
// by default, axes for band scales show tick marks for every bar
// that would be too cluttered for this data, so we override this
// by explicitly setting tickValues()
const [minDate, maxDate] = d3.extent(data, d => d.date);
const xAxis = d3.axisBottom(x)
.tickSizeOuter(0)
// only show the year in the tick labels
.tickFormat(d3.timeFormat('%Y'))
.tickValues(d3.timeTicks(minDate, maxDate, 10));
const yAxis = d3.axisLeft(y)
.tickSizeOuter(0)
.ticks(10, '~s');
svg.append('g')
.attr('transform', `translate(0,${height})`)
.call(xAxis);
svg.append('g')
.call(yAxis);
// bars
// function to convert Date into string showing the month and year
const format = d3.timeFormat('%b %Y');
svg.selectAll('rect')
.data(data)
.join('rect')
.attr('x', d => x(d.date))
.attr('width', d => x.bandwidth())
.attr('y', d => y(d.value))
.attr('height', d => height - y(d.value))
.attr('fill', 'steelblue')
.append('title')
.text(d => `${format(d.date)}: ${d.value}`)
}
function areachart(data) {
// set up
const margin = { top: 20, right: 20, bottom: 20, left: 30 };
const width = 600 - margin.left - margin.right;
const height = 300 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
const svg = d3.select('#area-chart')
.append('svg')
.attr('width', width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr('height', height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.append('g')
.attr('transform', `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
// scales
const x = d3.scaleTime()
.domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.date))
.range([0, width]);
const y = d3.scaleLinear()
.domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value)])
.range([height, 0]);
// area generator
const area = d3.area()
.x(d => x(d.date))
.y0(y(0))
.y1(d => y(d.value))
.curve(d3.curveStepAfter);
// axes
const xAxis = d3.axisBottom(x)
.tickSizeOuter(0)
// only show the year in the tick labels
.tickFormat(d3.timeFormat('%Y'));
const yAxis = d3.axisLeft(y)
.tickSizeOuter(0)
.ticks(10, '~s');
svg.append('g')
.attr('transform', `translate(0,${height})`)
.call(xAxis);
svg.append('g')
.call(yAxis);
// area
svg.append('path')
.attr('d', area(data))
.attr('fill', 'steelblue')
}
</script>
</body>
</html>