如何在 2022 年向 ModelForm 呈现错误或验证消息
How to render error or validation messages to ModelForm in 2022
我花了几个小时在互联网上进行研究，尤其是官方 Django 文档，但我仍然不清楚哪个是 2022 年的最佳选择（因为我在 SO 上阅读的几乎所有问题都 > 6 岁)
对于脆皮好还是不好吃，众说纷纭
脆皮仍然是推荐的选择吗？
我如何（以及最推荐的方法）获取典型的验证错误消息？
喜欢：“this field is mandatory”或“this input accepts numbers only”？我见过一些使用这些默认消息的 Django 页面，但我不知道如何在我的 ModelForm 字段中显示它们。
假设我有以下模型：
class Project(models.Model):
project_name = models.CharField(max_length=250, null=False, blank=False)
status = models.CharField(
max_length=250,
null=True,
blank=True,
default=PROJECT_STATUS_DEFAULT,
choices=PROJECT_STATUS,
)
creation_date = models.DateField(max_length=250, null=False, blank=False)
project_code = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
notes = models.CharField(max_length=250, null=True, blank=True)
对于 Project 模型，我有以下 ModelForm：
class CreateNewProjectForm(ModelForm):
creation_date = forms.DateField(widget=forms.DateInput(format = '%d/%m/%Y'), input_formats=settings.DATE_INPUT_FORMATS) #UK Date format
class Meta:
model = Project
fields = '__all__'
视图，当我尝试创建一个新对象时 Project:
def add_new_project(request):
context = {}
if request.method == 'POST':
form = CreateNewProjectForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('project_page')
else:
print (form.errors)
form = CreateNewProjectForm()
context['form'] = form
return render(request, 'new_project.html', context)
HTML部分：
<div class="card h-100">
<div class="card-header project-page-header">
<h3>Create A New Project</h3>
</div>
<div class="card-body px-0 new-project-card-body">
<div class="cardItem">
<div class="row">
<div class="col">
<div class="row">
<div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="general">
<form id="newProjectForm" method="POST" action="new_project">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="accordion accordion-flush" id="accordionGeneral">
<div class="accordion-item">
<h2 class="accordion-header" id="general-headingOne">
<button class="accordion-button" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#general-collapseOne" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="general-collapseOne">
Details
</button>
</h2>
<div id="general-collapseOne" class="accordion-collapse collapse show" aria-labelledby="general-headingOne" data-bs-parent="#accordionGeneral">
<div class="accordion-body">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-5">
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li class="mt-3">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm ph-tabs-field-label">
Project Name
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
<input type="text" name="project_name" class="form-control" aria-label="Project Name">
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="mt-3">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm ph-tabs-field-label">
Status
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
<select name="status" class="selectpicker show-tick w-100" aria-label="Status">
{% for status in project_status %}
{% if forloop.first %}
<option value="{{ status.id }}" selected>{{ status.text }}</option>
{% else %}
<option value="{{ status.id }}">{{ status.text }}</option>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="mt-3">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm ph-tabs-field-label">
Creation Date
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
<input type="text" name="creation_date" class="form-control">
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="mt-3">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm ph-tabs-field-label">
Project Code
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
<input type="text" name="project_code" class="form-control">
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="accordion-item">
<h2 class="accordion-header" id="general-headingThree">
<button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#general-collapseThree" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="general-collapseThree">
Note
</button>
</h2>
<div id="general-collapseThree" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="general-headingThree" data-bs-parent="#accordionGeneral">
<div class="accordion-body"><textarea name="notes" class="form-control" rows="7"></textarea></div>
</div>
</div>
<button type="submit" id="projectEditBtn" form="newProjectForm" class="btn btn-info rounded-0">Save</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
我看到了像 this 这样的解决方案，但问题是我的表单字段分布在不同的手风琴上，我不能使用像 {% if form.errors %} 这样的东西，我需要为每个字段提供更具体的东西.
首先像这样更新你的观点
def add_new_project(request):
context = {}
if request.method == 'POST':
form = CreateNewProjectForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('project_page')
else:
print (form.errors)
context['form'] = form
return render(request, 'new_project.html', context)
context['form'] = CreateNewProjectForm()
return render(request, 'new_project.html', context)
您可以像这样为每个字段指定错误
{% if form.field_name.errors %}
{{ form.field_name.errors }}
{% endif %}
我花了几个小时在互联网上进行研究，尤其是官方 Django 文档，但我仍然不清楚哪个是 2022 年的最佳选择（因为我在 SO 上阅读的几乎所有问题都 > 6 岁) 对于脆皮好还是不好吃，众说纷纭
脆皮仍然是推荐的选择吗？
我如何（以及最推荐的方法）获取典型的验证错误消息？
喜欢：“this field is mandatory”或“this input accepts numbers only”？我见过一些使用这些默认消息的 Django 页面，但我不知道如何在我的 ModelForm 字段中显示它们。
假设我有以下模型：
class Project(models.Model):
project_name = models.CharField(max_length=250, null=False, blank=False)
status = models.CharField(
max_length=250,
null=True,
blank=True,
default=PROJECT_STATUS_DEFAULT,
choices=PROJECT_STATUS,
)
creation_date = models.DateField(max_length=250, null=False, blank=False)
project_code = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)
notes = models.CharField(max_length=250, null=True, blank=True)
对于 Project 模型，我有以下 ModelForm：
class CreateNewProjectForm(ModelForm):
creation_date = forms.DateField(widget=forms.DateInput(format = '%d/%m/%Y'), input_formats=settings.DATE_INPUT_FORMATS) #UK Date format
class Meta:
model = Project
fields = '__all__'
视图，当我尝试创建一个新对象时 Project:
def add_new_project(request):
context = {}
if request.method == 'POST':
form = CreateNewProjectForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('project_page')
else:
print (form.errors)
form = CreateNewProjectForm()
context['form'] = form
return render(request, 'new_project.html', context)
HTML部分：
<div class="card h-100">
<div class="card-header project-page-header">
<h3>Create A New Project</h3>
</div>
<div class="card-body px-0 new-project-card-body">
<div class="cardItem">
<div class="row">
<div class="col">
<div class="row">
<div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="general">
<form id="newProjectForm" method="POST" action="new_project">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="accordion accordion-flush" id="accordionGeneral">
<div class="accordion-item">
<h2 class="accordion-header" id="general-headingOne">
<button class="accordion-button" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#general-collapseOne" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="general-collapseOne">
Details
</button>
</h2>
<div id="general-collapseOne" class="accordion-collapse collapse show" aria-labelledby="general-headingOne" data-bs-parent="#accordionGeneral">
<div class="accordion-body">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-5">
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li class="mt-3">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm ph-tabs-field-label">
Project Name
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
<input type="text" name="project_name" class="form-control" aria-label="Project Name">
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="mt-3">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm ph-tabs-field-label">
Status
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
<select name="status" class="selectpicker show-tick w-100" aria-label="Status">
{% for status in project_status %}
{% if forloop.first %}
<option value="{{ status.id }}" selected>{{ status.text }}</option>
{% else %}
<option value="{{ status.id }}">{{ status.text }}</option>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="mt-3">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm ph-tabs-field-label">
Creation Date
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
<input type="text" name="creation_date" class="form-control">
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="mt-3">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm ph-tabs-field-label">
Project Code
</div>
<div class="col-sm">
<input type="text" name="project_code" class="form-control">
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="accordion-item">
<h2 class="accordion-header" id="general-headingThree">
<button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#general-collapseThree" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="general-collapseThree">
Note
</button>
</h2>
<div id="general-collapseThree" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="general-headingThree" data-bs-parent="#accordionGeneral">
<div class="accordion-body"><textarea name="notes" class="form-control" rows="7"></textarea></div>
</div>
</div>
<button type="submit" id="projectEditBtn" form="newProjectForm" class="btn btn-info rounded-0">Save</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
我看到了像 this 这样的解决方案，但问题是我的表单字段分布在不同的手风琴上，我不能使用像 {% if form.errors %} 这样的东西，我需要为每个字段提供更具体的东西.
首先像这样更新你的观点
def add_new_project(request):
context = {}
if request.method == 'POST':
form = CreateNewProjectForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('project_page')
else:
print (form.errors)
context['form'] = form
return render(request, 'new_project.html', context)
context['form'] = CreateNewProjectForm()
return render(request, 'new_project.html', context)
您可以像这样为每个字段指定错误
{% if form.field_name.errors %}
{{ form.field_name.errors }}
{% endif %}