如何测试更新方法?

How to test update methods?

我是单元测试的新手,在我的 Java(Spring Boot)应用程序中使用 JUnit。我有时需要测试更新方法,但是当我在网上搜索时,没有合适的例子或建议。那么,您能否向我说明如何测试以下更新方法?我认为这可能需要与测试 void 不同的方法。我还认为在测试时首先模拟记录然后更新其字段然后更新。最后再次检索记录并比较更新后的属性。但我认为可能有比这个没有经验的方法更合适的方法。

public PriceDTO update(UUID priceUuid, PriceRequest request) {
    Price price = priceRepository
                    .findByUuid(priceUuid)
                    .orElseThrow(() -> new EntityNotFoundException(PRICE));

    mapRequestToEntity(request, price);
    Price updated = priceRepository.saveAndFlush(price);
    
    return new PriceDTO(updated);
}

private void mapRequestToEntity(PriceRequest request, Price entity) {
    entity.setPriceAmount(request.getPriceAmount());
    // set other props
}

您需要模拟 class 对象 priceRepository 的行为。 所以你必须写下类似下面的内容才能开始:

// priceRepository should be mocked in the test class
Mockito.when(priceRepository.findByUuid(any(UUID.class))).thenReturn(new Price());

您需要按照以下几行做一些事情:

public class ServiceTest {

    @Mock
    private PriceRepository priceRepository;

    (...)

    @Test
    public void shouldUpdatePrice() throws Exception {
        // Arrange
        UUID priceUuid = // build the Price UUID
        PriceRequest priceUpdateRequest = // build the Price update request
        Price originalPrice = // build the original Price  
        doReturn(originalPrice).when(this.priceRepository).findByUuid(isA(UUID.class));
        doAnswer(AdditionalAnswers.returnsFirstArg()).when(this.priceRepository).saveAndFlush(isA(Price.class));

        // Act
        PriceDTO updatedPrice = this.service.update(priceUuid, priceUpdateRequest);

        // Assert
        // here you need to assert that updatedPrice is as you expect according to originalPrice and priceUpdateRequest
    }
}

因此,如果您的唯一目的是验证您是否调用了保存,那么您可能正在寻找这样的东西:

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
public class ServiceTest {
    @Mock
    private PriceRepository priceRepository;
    @InjectMocks
    private Service service;

    @Test
    public void update() throws Exception {
        // Given
        Price price = new Price();
        price.setUid(UUID.randomUUID());
        price.setPriceAmount(100);

        when(priceRepository.findByUid(price.getUid()))
            .thenReturn(price);

        ArgumentCaptor<Price> priceArgument =                      
            ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Price.class);

        when(incidentRepository.saveAndFlush(priceArgument.capture()))
            .thenAnswer(iom -> iom.getArgument(0));


        // When
        PriceRequest priceRequest = new PriceRequest();
        priceRequest.setPriceAmount(123);

        PriceDTO updatedPrice = this.service.update(price.getUid(), priceUpdateRequest);

        // Then
        assertThat(priceArgument.getValue().getPriceAmount())
            .isEqualTo(123);
    }
}