OpenGL VBO VAO EBO 可以 运行 没有错误但没有图形
OpenGL VBO VAO EBO can run without error but no graphics
这是我的代码：
block_VAO=0
draw=False
block_EBO_buffer_len=0
def print_blocks(x:int,y:int,z:int):
global draw,block_VAO,block_EBO_buffer_len
if not draw:
block_point_buffer=[]
block_color_buffer=[]
block_EBO_buffer=[]
block_point_buffer+=[x-0.5,y+0.5,z-0.5,#V0
x+0.5,y+0.5,z-0.5,#V1
x+0.5,y-0.5,z-0.5,#V2
x-0.5,y-0.5,z-0.5,#V3
x-0.5,y+0.5,z+0.5,#V4
x+0.5,y+0.5,z+0.5,#V5
x+0.5,y-0.5,z+0.5,#V6
x-0.5,y-0.5,z+0.5]#V7
block_EBO_buffer+=[0,1,5,4,
3,2,6,7,
0,3,7,4,
1,2,6,5,
0,1,2,3,
4,5,6,7]
#ADD
block_color_buffer+=[1.0,0.0,1.0,1.0]*24
color_EBO_buffer+=[0]*24
#ADD END
block_VBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_VBO)
a=numpy.array(block_point_buffer,dtype='float32')
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
block_EBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_EBO)
a=numpy.array(block_EBO_buffer,dtype='uint32')
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
block_EBO_buffer_len=len(a)
#ADD
color_VBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,color_VBO)
a=numpy.array(block_color_buffer,dtype='uint32')
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
color_EBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,color_EBO)
a=numpy.array(color_EBO_buffer,dtype='uint32')
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
#ADD END
block_VAO=glGenVertexArrays(1)
glBindVertexArray(block_VAO)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_VBO)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_EBO)
glVertexPointer(3,GL_FLOAT,0,None)
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY)
#ADD
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,color_VBO)
glColorPointer(4,GL_FLOAT,0,None)
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY)
#ADD END
glBindVertexArray(0)
draw=True
glBindVertexArray(block_VAO)
glDrawElements(GL_QUADS,block_EBO_buffer_len,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,None)
glBindVertexArray(0)
函数print_blocks在主循环中。如果我不绑定颜色到 VAO（我的意思是 运行 没有新的添加代码），它可以在我绑定后绘制 normally.But，没有图形 appear.How 我可以做它吗正常画？
我真的无话可说now.Please！拜托！拜托！拜托！拜托！拜托！
Index Buffer (ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER) binding is stored within the Vertex Array Object。当调用 glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, IBO) 时，元素缓冲区对象 ID 存储在当前绑定的顶点数组对象中。因此 VAO 必须在元素缓冲区之前绑定 glBindVertexArray(VAO).
与 Index Buffer, the Vertex Buffer 绑定 (ARRAY_BUFFER) 相比，它是一个全局状态。
VAOs 状态向量中声明的每个属性可能引用不同的 ARRAY_BUFFER。当调用 glVertexAttribPointer 时，当前绑定到目标 ARRAY_BUFFER 的缓冲区与指定的属性索引相关联，对象的 ID 存储在当前绑定的 VAO 的状态向量中。
因此在绑定和创建元素缓冲区之前需要绑定 VAO。
另外颜色属性的类型需要是浮点数：
a=numpy.array(block_color_buffer,dtype='uint32')
a=numpy.array(block_color_buffer,dtype='float32')
除此之外，您不能指定一个网格具有多个索引缓冲区。参见 。您可以只指定 1 个索引数组。
基于您的原始代码的最小示例：
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GL import *
import numpy
rotate = [33, 40, 20]
block_VAO=0
draw=False
block_EBO_buffer_len=0
def create_blocks(x:int, y:int, z:int):
global draw, block_VAO, block_EBO_buffer_len
if draw:
return
draw = True
block_point_buffer=[]
block_color_buffer=[]
block_EBO_buffer=[]
block_point_buffer+=[x-0.5,y+0.5,z-0.5,#V0
x+0.5,y+0.5,z-0.5,#V1
x+0.5,y-0.5,z-0.5,#V2
x-0.5,y-0.5,z-0.5,#V3
x-0.5,y+0.5,z+0.5,#V4
x+0.5,y+0.5,z+0.5,#V5
x+0.5,y-0.5,z+0.5,#V6
x-0.5,y-0.5,z+0.5]#V7
block_EBO_buffer+=[0,1,5,4,
3,2,6,7,
0,3,7,4,
1,2,6,5,
0,1,2,3,
4,5,6,7]
block_color_buffer+=[1.0,0.0,1.0,1.0]*8
block_VBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_VBO)
a=numpy.array(block_point_buffer,dtype='float32')
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
color_VBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,color_VBO)
a=numpy.array(block_color_buffer,dtype='float32')
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
block_VAO=glGenVertexArrays(1)
glBindVertexArray(block_VAO)
block_EBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_EBO)
a=numpy.array(block_EBO_buffer,dtype='uint32')
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
block_EBO_buffer_len=len(a)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_VBO)
glVertexPointer(3,GL_FLOAT,0,None)
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,color_VBO)
glColorPointer(4,GL_FLOAT,0,None)
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY)
glBindVertexArray(0)
def display():
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
glLoadIdentity()
glTranslatef(0, 0, -4.5)
glRotatef(rotate[0], 1, 0.0, 0)
glRotatef(rotate[1], 0, 1, 0)
glRotatef(rotate[2], 0, 0, 1)
glScalef(1, 1, 1)
glBindVertexArray(block_VAO)
glDrawElements(GL_QUADS,block_EBO_buffer_len,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,None)
glBindVertexArray(0)
rotate[1] += 0.1
glutSwapBuffers()
glutPostRedisplay()
def reshape(width, height):
glViewport(0, 0, width, height)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
gluPerspective(40.0, width / height, 0.5, 20.0)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glutInit(sys.argv)
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB)
glutInitWindowSize(400, 350)
glutCreateWindow(b"OpenGL Window")
create_blocks(0, 0, 0)
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE)
glutDisplayFunc(display)
glutReshapeFunc(reshape)
glutMainLoop()
这是我的代码：
block_VAO=0
draw=False
block_EBO_buffer_len=0
def print_blocks(x:int,y:int,z:int):
global draw,block_VAO,block_EBO_buffer_len
if not draw:
block_point_buffer=[]
block_color_buffer=[]
block_EBO_buffer=[]
block_point_buffer+=[x-0.5,y+0.5,z-0.5,#V0
x+0.5,y+0.5,z-0.5,#V1
x+0.5,y-0.5,z-0.5,#V2
x-0.5,y-0.5,z-0.5,#V3
x-0.5,y+0.5,z+0.5,#V4
x+0.5,y+0.5,z+0.5,#V5
x+0.5,y-0.5,z+0.5,#V6
x-0.5,y-0.5,z+0.5]#V7
block_EBO_buffer+=[0,1,5,4,
3,2,6,7,
0,3,7,4,
1,2,6,5,
0,1,2,3,
4,5,6,7]
#ADD
block_color_buffer+=[1.0,0.0,1.0,1.0]*24
color_EBO_buffer+=[0]*24
#ADD END
block_VBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_VBO)
a=numpy.array(block_point_buffer,dtype='float32')
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
block_EBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_EBO)
a=numpy.array(block_EBO_buffer,dtype='uint32')
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
block_EBO_buffer_len=len(a)
#ADD
color_VBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,color_VBO)
a=numpy.array(block_color_buffer,dtype='uint32')
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
color_EBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,color_EBO)
a=numpy.array(color_EBO_buffer,dtype='uint32')
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
#ADD END
block_VAO=glGenVertexArrays(1)
glBindVertexArray(block_VAO)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_VBO)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_EBO)
glVertexPointer(3,GL_FLOAT,0,None)
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY)
#ADD
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,color_VBO)
glColorPointer(4,GL_FLOAT,0,None)
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY)
#ADD END
glBindVertexArray(0)
draw=True
glBindVertexArray(block_VAO)
glDrawElements(GL_QUADS,block_EBO_buffer_len,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,None)
glBindVertexArray(0)
函数print_blocks在主循环中。如果我不绑定颜色到 VAO（我的意思是 运行 没有新的添加代码），它可以在我绑定后绘制 normally.But，没有图形 appear.How 我可以做它吗正常画？ 我真的无话可说now.Please！拜托！拜托！拜托！拜托！拜托！
Index Buffer (ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER) binding is stored within the Vertex Array Object。当调用 glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, IBO) 时，元素缓冲区对象 ID 存储在当前绑定的顶点数组对象中。因此 VAO 必须在元素缓冲区之前绑定 glBindVertexArray(VAO).
与 Index Buffer, the Vertex Buffer 绑定 (ARRAY_BUFFER) 相比，它是一个全局状态。
VAOs 状态向量中声明的每个属性可能引用不同的 ARRAY_BUFFER。当调用 glVertexAttribPointer 时，当前绑定到目标 ARRAY_BUFFER 的缓冲区与指定的属性索引相关联，对象的 ID 存储在当前绑定的 VAO 的状态向量中。
因此在绑定和创建元素缓冲区之前需要绑定 VAO。
另外颜色属性的类型需要是浮点数：
a=numpy.array(block_color_buffer,dtype='uint32')
a=numpy.array(block_color_buffer,dtype='float32')
除此之外，您不能指定一个网格具有多个索引缓冲区。参见
基于您的原始代码的最小示例：
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GL import *
import numpy
rotate = [33, 40, 20]
block_VAO=0
draw=False
block_EBO_buffer_len=0
def create_blocks(x:int, y:int, z:int):
global draw, block_VAO, block_EBO_buffer_len
if draw:
return
draw = True
block_point_buffer=[]
block_color_buffer=[]
block_EBO_buffer=[]
block_point_buffer+=[x-0.5,y+0.5,z-0.5,#V0
x+0.5,y+0.5,z-0.5,#V1
x+0.5,y-0.5,z-0.5,#V2
x-0.5,y-0.5,z-0.5,#V3
x-0.5,y+0.5,z+0.5,#V4
x+0.5,y+0.5,z+0.5,#V5
x+0.5,y-0.5,z+0.5,#V6
x-0.5,y-0.5,z+0.5]#V7
block_EBO_buffer+=[0,1,5,4,
3,2,6,7,
0,3,7,4,
1,2,6,5,
0,1,2,3,
4,5,6,7]
block_color_buffer+=[1.0,0.0,1.0,1.0]*8
block_VBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_VBO)
a=numpy.array(block_point_buffer,dtype='float32')
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
color_VBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,color_VBO)
a=numpy.array(block_color_buffer,dtype='float32')
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
block_VAO=glGenVertexArrays(1)
glBindVertexArray(block_VAO)
block_EBO=glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_EBO)
a=numpy.array(block_EBO_buffer,dtype='uint32')
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,sys.getsizeof(a),a,GL_STATIC_DRAW)
block_EBO_buffer_len=len(a)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,block_VBO)
glVertexPointer(3,GL_FLOAT,0,None)
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,color_VBO)
glColorPointer(4,GL_FLOAT,0,None)
glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY)
glBindVertexArray(0)
def display():
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
glLoadIdentity()
glTranslatef(0, 0, -4.5)
glRotatef(rotate[0], 1, 0.0, 0)
glRotatef(rotate[1], 0, 1, 0)
glRotatef(rotate[2], 0, 0, 1)
glScalef(1, 1, 1)
glBindVertexArray(block_VAO)
glDrawElements(GL_QUADS,block_EBO_buffer_len,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,None)
glBindVertexArray(0)
rotate[1] += 0.1
glutSwapBuffers()
glutPostRedisplay()
def reshape(width, height):
glViewport(0, 0, width, height)
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
gluPerspective(40.0, width / height, 0.5, 20.0)
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
glutInit(sys.argv)
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB)
glutInitWindowSize(400, 350)
glutCreateWindow(b"OpenGL Window")
create_blocks(0, 0, 0)
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE)
glutDisplayFunc(display)
glutReshapeFunc(reshape)
glutMainLoop()