tkinter：如何在后台制作计时器 运行
tkinter: How to make timer run in a background
我有一个游戏 - 把硬币捡到碗里。然而，标准之一是通过以秒为单位输入时间来限制它——游戏将持续多长时间。用户输入的时间来自tkinter.Entry，我不知道如何同时执行定时器和函数。代码进度：
import tkinter, random, time
from threading import Thread
window = tkinter.Tk()
window.title("Dukaty")
canvas = tkinter.Canvas(window, height = 400, width = 800)
canvas.pack()
timeLabel = tkinter.Label(text = "Time:", font = "Helvetica 15")
timeLabel.pack()
timeEntry = tkinter.Entry(bd = 1)
timeEntry.pack()
mistakesLabel = tkinter.Label(text = "Allowed mistakes:", font = "Helvetica 15")
mistakesLabel.pack()
mistakesEntry = tkinter.Entry(bd = 1)
mistakesEntry.pack()
timeEntry.insert(0, "0")
mistakesEntry.insert(0, "0")
speed = 250
score = 0
mistakes = 0
allowedTime = ""
def countdown(t):
while t:
mins, secs = divmod(t, 60)
timer = '{:02d}:{:02d}'.format(mins, secs)
allowedTime = timer
print(allowedTime)
time.sleep(1)
t -= 1
print("Time's up!")
def timedGame():
time = int(timeEntry.get())
canvas.after(time * 1000)
end()
def movingCoin():
global speed, score, mistakes, allowedTime
time = int(timeEntry.get())
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
canvas.create_text(700, 50, text = str(score), font = "Helvetica 20", fill = "green", tags = "score")
canvas.create_text(700, 80, text = str(mistakes), font = "Helvetica 20", fill = "red", tags = "mistakes")
# ENDLESS
if timeEntry.get() == "0" and mistakesEntry.get() == "0":
while True:
if canvas.coords(coin)[1] < 360:
canvas.move(coin, 0, 5)
canvas.after(speed)
canvas.update()
elif canvas.coords(coin)[1] >= 360 and (canvas.coords(coin)[0] > (canvas.coords(bowl)[0] - 40) and canvas.coords(coin)[0] < (canvas.coords(bowl)[0] + 40)):
canvas.delete("score")
score += 1
canvas.create_text(700, 50, text=str(score), font="Helvetica 20", fill="green", tags="score")
canvas.delete(coin)
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
speed -= 10
else:
canvas.delete("mistakes")
mistakes += 1
canvas.create_text(700, 80, text=str(mistakes), font="Helvetica 20", fill="red", tags="mistakes")
canvas.delete(coin)
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
speed -= 10
# TIME - not done yet
elif timeEntry.get() != "0" and mistakesEntry.get() == "0":
while str(allowedTime) != "00:00":
if canvas.coords(coin)[1] < 360:
canvas.move(coin, 0, 5)
canvas.after(speed)
canvas.update()
elif canvas.coords(coin)[1] >= 360 and (canvas.coords(coin)[0] > (canvas.coords(bowl)[0] - 40) and canvas.coords(coin)[0] < (canvas.coords(bowl)[0] + 40)):
score += 1
print(score)
canvas.delete(coin)
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
speed -= 10
else:
mistakes += 1
print(mistakes)
canvas.delete(coin)
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
speed -= 10
# MISTAKES
elif timeEntry.get() == "0" and mistakesEntry != "0":
allowedMistakes = int(mistakesEntry.get())
print("Allowed mistakes: " + str(allowedMistakes))
while True:
if canvas.coords(coin)[1] < 360:
canvas.move(coin, 0, 5)
canvas.after(speed)
canvas.update()
elif canvas.coords(coin)[1] >= 360 and (canvas.coords(coin)[0] > (canvas.coords(bowl)[0] - 40) and canvas.coords(coin)[0] < (canvas.coords(bowl)[0] + 40)):
canvas.delete("score")
score += 1
canvas.create_text(700, 50, text=str(score), font="Helvetica 20", fill="green", tags="score")
canvas.delete(coin)
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
speed -= 10
else:
if allowedMistakes > mistakes:
canvas.delete("mistakes")
mistakes += 1
canvas.create_text(700, 80, text=str(mistakes), font="Helvetica 20", fill="red", tags="mistakes")
canvas.delete(coin)
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
speed -= 10
elif allowedMistakes == mistakes:
print("ending the program")
break
def end():
window.destroy()
def tap():
Thread(target=countdown(int(timeEntry.get()))).start()
Thread(target=movingCoin).start()
endButton = tkinter.Button(text = "End", command = end)
endButton.pack(side = "right")
startButton = tkinter.Button(text = "Start", command = tap)
startButton.pack(side = "left")
window.mainloop()
它的作用是启动计时器，当它结束时，然后执行 movingCoin 函数。
我想要实现的是让计时器启动（当输入值大于 0 时）并同时执行 movingCoin - 然后下降到时间部分，当时间到时 while 中断向上。
你可以用这个方法
window.after(1000,<function_name>)
表示1秒后函数调用。如果您通过此方法使用递归，则可以创建计时器。
希望对你有用，加油。
import time
# time.time() return in second
game_duration = float(input('duration: ')) + time.time()
game_is_running = True
while game_is_running:
if game_duration == time.time(): # this means: if now equal to game_duration
game_is_running = False
# note: it is quite critical where you place time.time()
再举一个例子：
# I used the following technique to build an explosion animation for 30 seconds, then it will do something else.
class Explosion(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, center):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = explosion_animation[0]
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.center = center
self.frame = 0
self.last_update = pygame.time.get_ticks()
self.duration = 30
def update(self):
now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
if now - self.last_update > self.duration:
self.last_update = now
self.frame += 1
if self.frame == len(explosion_animation):
self.kill()
else:
center = self.rect.center
self.image = explosion_animation[self.frame]
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.center = center
我有一个游戏 - 把硬币捡到碗里。然而，标准之一是通过以秒为单位输入时间来限制它——游戏将持续多长时间。用户输入的时间来自tkinter.Entry，我不知道如何同时执行定时器和函数。代码进度：
import tkinter, random, time
from threading import Thread
window = tkinter.Tk()
window.title("Dukaty")
canvas = tkinter.Canvas(window, height = 400, width = 800)
canvas.pack()
timeLabel = tkinter.Label(text = "Time:", font = "Helvetica 15")
timeLabel.pack()
timeEntry = tkinter.Entry(bd = 1)
timeEntry.pack()
mistakesLabel = tkinter.Label(text = "Allowed mistakes:", font = "Helvetica 15")
mistakesLabel.pack()
mistakesEntry = tkinter.Entry(bd = 1)
mistakesEntry.pack()
timeEntry.insert(0, "0")
mistakesEntry.insert(0, "0")
speed = 250
score = 0
mistakes = 0
allowedTime = ""
def countdown(t):
while t:
mins, secs = divmod(t, 60)
timer = '{:02d}:{:02d}'.format(mins, secs)
allowedTime = timer
print(allowedTime)
time.sleep(1)
t -= 1
print("Time's up!")
def timedGame():
time = int(timeEntry.get())
canvas.after(time * 1000)
end()
def movingCoin():
global speed, score, mistakes, allowedTime
time = int(timeEntry.get())
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
canvas.create_text(700, 50, text = str(score), font = "Helvetica 20", fill = "green", tags = "score")
canvas.create_text(700, 80, text = str(mistakes), font = "Helvetica 20", fill = "red", tags = "mistakes")
# ENDLESS
if timeEntry.get() == "0" and mistakesEntry.get() == "0":
while True:
if canvas.coords(coin)[1] < 360:
canvas.move(coin, 0, 5)
canvas.after(speed)
canvas.update()
elif canvas.coords(coin)[1] >= 360 and (canvas.coords(coin)[0] > (canvas.coords(bowl)[0] - 40) and canvas.coords(coin)[0] < (canvas.coords(bowl)[0] + 40)):
canvas.delete("score")
score += 1
canvas.create_text(700, 50, text=str(score), font="Helvetica 20", fill="green", tags="score")
canvas.delete(coin)
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
speed -= 10
else:
canvas.delete("mistakes")
mistakes += 1
canvas.create_text(700, 80, text=str(mistakes), font="Helvetica 20", fill="red", tags="mistakes")
canvas.delete(coin)
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
speed -= 10
# TIME - not done yet
elif timeEntry.get() != "0" and mistakesEntry.get() == "0":
while str(allowedTime) != "00:00":
if canvas.coords(coin)[1] < 360:
canvas.move(coin, 0, 5)
canvas.after(speed)
canvas.update()
elif canvas.coords(coin)[1] >= 360 and (canvas.coords(coin)[0] > (canvas.coords(bowl)[0] - 40) and canvas.coords(coin)[0] < (canvas.coords(bowl)[0] + 40)):
score += 1
print(score)
canvas.delete(coin)
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
speed -= 10
else:
mistakes += 1
print(mistakes)
canvas.delete(coin)
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
speed -= 10
# MISTAKES
elif timeEntry.get() == "0" and mistakesEntry != "0":
allowedMistakes = int(mistakesEntry.get())
print("Allowed mistakes: " + str(allowedMistakes))
while True:
if canvas.coords(coin)[1] < 360:
canvas.move(coin, 0, 5)
canvas.after(speed)
canvas.update()
elif canvas.coords(coin)[1] >= 360 and (canvas.coords(coin)[0] > (canvas.coords(bowl)[0] - 40) and canvas.coords(coin)[0] < (canvas.coords(bowl)[0] + 40)):
canvas.delete("score")
score += 1
canvas.create_text(700, 50, text=str(score), font="Helvetica 20", fill="green", tags="score")
canvas.delete(coin)
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
speed -= 10
else:
if allowedMistakes > mistakes:
canvas.delete("mistakes")
mistakes += 1
canvas.create_text(700, 80, text=str(mistakes), font="Helvetica 20", fill="red", tags="mistakes")
canvas.delete(coin)
coin = canvas.create_image(random.randint(15, 585), 18, image=coinImg, tags="coin")
speed -= 10
elif allowedMistakes == mistakes:
print("ending the program")
break
def end():
window.destroy()
def tap():
Thread(target=countdown(int(timeEntry.get()))).start()
Thread(target=movingCoin).start()
endButton = tkinter.Button(text = "End", command = end)
endButton.pack(side = "right")
startButton = tkinter.Button(text = "Start", command = tap)
startButton.pack(side = "left")
window.mainloop()
它的作用是启动计时器，当它结束时，然后执行 movingCoin 函数。
我想要实现的是让计时器启动（当输入值大于 0 时）并同时执行 movingCoin - 然后下降到时间部分，当时间到时 while 中断向上。
你可以用这个方法
window.after(1000,<function_name>)
表示1秒后函数调用。如果您通过此方法使用递归，则可以创建计时器。
希望对你有用，加油。
import time
# time.time() return in second
game_duration = float(input('duration: ')) + time.time()
game_is_running = True
while game_is_running:
if game_duration == time.time(): # this means: if now equal to game_duration
game_is_running = False
# note: it is quite critical where you place time.time()
再举一个例子：
# I used the following technique to build an explosion animation for 30 seconds, then it will do something else.
class Explosion(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, center):
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
self.image = explosion_animation[0]
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.center = center
self.frame = 0
self.last_update = pygame.time.get_ticks()
self.duration = 30
def update(self):
now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
if now - self.last_update > self.duration:
self.last_update = now
self.frame += 1
if self.frame == len(explosion_animation):
self.kill()
else:
center = self.rect.center
self.image = explosion_animation[self.frame]
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.center = center