NoClassDefFoundError 与 chromedriver
NoClassDefFoundError with chromedriver
当我尝试 运行 使用 chromedriver:
进行测试时出现此错误
org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.TestSuiteExecutionException: Could not complete execution for Gradle Test Executor 30.
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.stop(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:63)
at java.base@16.0.1/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base@16.0.1/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:78)
at java.base@16.0.1/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base@16.0.1/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:36)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:33)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:94)
at jdk.proxy1/jdk.proxy1.$Proxy2.stop(Unknown Source)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.run(TestWorker.java:193)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.executeAndMaintainThreadName(TestWorker.java:129)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:100)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:60)
at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.ActionExecutionWorker.execute(ActionExecutionWorker.java:56)
at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:133)
at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:71)
at app//worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.run(GradleWorkerMain.java:69)
at app//worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.main(GradleWorkerMain.java:74)
Caused by: org.junit.platform.commons.JUnitException: TestEngine with ID 'junit-jupiter' failed to discover tests
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.discoverEngineRoot(EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.java:111)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.discover(EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.java:85)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.discover(DefaultLauncher.java:92)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:75)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor$CollectAllTestClassesExecutor.processAllTestClasses(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:99)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor$CollectAllTestClassesExecutor.access[=14=]0(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:79)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.stop(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:75)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.stop(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:61)
... 18 more
Caused by: org.junit.platform.commons.JUnitException: ClassSelector [className = 'com.paulcarron.learningspringboot.learningspringboot.EndToEndTests'] resolution failed
at org.junit.platform.launcher.listeners.discovery.AbortOnFailureLauncherDiscoveryListener.selectorProcessed(AbortOnFailureLauncherDiscoveryListener.java:39)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.resolveCompletely(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.java:102)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.run(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.java:82)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolver.resolve(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolver.java:113)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.discovery.DiscoverySelectorResolver.resolveSelectors(DiscoverySelectorResolver.java:45)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.JupiterTestEngine.discover(JupiterTestEngine.java:69)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.discoverEngineRoot(EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.java:103)
... 25 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/WebDriver
at java.base/java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
at java.base/java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:3334)
at java.base/java.lang.Class.privateGetPublicMethods(Class.java:3359)
at java.base/java.lang.Class.getMethods(Class.java:1990)
at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.getDefaultMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:1481)
at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:1454)
at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.findMethod(ReflectionUtils.java:1304)
at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.isMethodPresent(ReflectionUtils.java:1205)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.discovery.predicates.IsTestClassWithTests.hasTestOrTestFactoryOrTestTemplateMethods(IsTestClassWithTests.java:50)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.discovery.predicates.IsTestClassWithTests.test(IsTestClassWithTests.java:46)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.discovery.ClassSelectorResolver.resolve(ClassSelectorResolver.java:67)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.lambda$resolve(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.java:134)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197)
at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.tryAdvance(ArrayList.java:1602)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEachWithCancel(ReferencePipeline.java:129)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyIntoWithCancel(AbstractPipeline.java:502)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:488)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:474)
at java.base/java.util.stream.FindOps$FindOp.evaluateSequential(FindOps.java:150)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.findFirst(ReferencePipeline.java:647)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.resolve(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.java:185)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.resolve(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.java:125)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.resolveCompletely(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.java:91)
... 30 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:636)
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:182)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:519)
... 54 more
我已将 chromedriver 部署到 ext 文件夹并为我的浏览器安装了正确的版本。什么会导致这个问题？它似乎来自 @BeforeClass，如下所示：
@BeforeClass
public static void setUp() throws IOException {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "ext/chromedriver");
service = createDefaultService();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
Path testResults = Paths.get("build", "test-results");
if (!Files.exists(testResults)) {
Files.createDirectory(testResults);
}
}
否ClassDefFoundError
NoClassDefFoundError 当 JVM 无法在 [=63= 处找到特定的 class 时发生]time 在编译时可用。例如，如果我们已经解决了来自 class 的方法调用或访问 Class 的任何静态成员，并且 Class 在 运行 时间内不可用，那么 JVM 会抛出 NoClassDefFoundError.
您看到的错误是：
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/WebDriver at java.base/java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
这清楚地表明 Selenium 正试图在 运行 时间从 org/openqa/selenium/WebDriver[ 解析特定的 class 不再可用。
解决方案：
在 System.setProperty() 行中，您需要传递 的绝对路径，如下所示：
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/complete/path/to/chromedriver");
参考资料
您可以在以下位置找到一些相关的详细讨论：
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/WebDriver
- Selenium-TestNG-Maven - Getting "java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/firefox/FirefoxDriver"
当我尝试 运行 使用 chromedriver:
org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.TestSuiteExecutionException: Could not complete execution for Gradle Test Executor 30. at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.stop(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:63) at java.base@16.0.1/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at java.base@16.0.1/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:78) at java.base@16.0.1/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.base@16.0.1/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567) at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:36) at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24) at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:33) at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:94) at jdk.proxy1/jdk.proxy1.$Proxy2.stop(Unknown Source) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.run(TestWorker.java:193) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.executeAndMaintainThreadName(TestWorker.java:129) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:100) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:60) at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.ActionExecutionWorker.execute(ActionExecutionWorker.java:56) at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:133) at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:71) at app//worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.run(GradleWorkerMain.java:69) at app//worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.main(GradleWorkerMain.java:74) Caused by: org.junit.platform.commons.JUnitException: TestEngine with ID 'junit-jupiter' failed to discover tests at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.discoverEngineRoot(EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.java:111) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.discover(EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.java:85) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.discover(DefaultLauncher.java:92) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:75) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor$CollectAllTestClassesExecutor.processAllTestClasses(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:99) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor$CollectAllTestClassesExecutor.access[=14=]0(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:79) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.stop(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:75) at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.stop(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:61) ... 18 more Caused by: org.junit.platform.commons.JUnitException: ClassSelector [className = 'com.paulcarron.learningspringboot.learningspringboot.EndToEndTests'] resolution failed at org.junit.platform.launcher.listeners.discovery.AbortOnFailureLauncherDiscoveryListener.selectorProcessed(AbortOnFailureLauncherDiscoveryListener.java:39) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.resolveCompletely(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.java:102) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.run(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.java:82) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolver.resolve(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolver.java:113) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.discovery.DiscoverySelectorResolver.resolveSelectors(DiscoverySelectorResolver.java:45) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.JupiterTestEngine.discover(JupiterTestEngine.java:69) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.discoverEngineRoot(EngineDiscoveryOrchestrator.java:103) ... 25 more Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/WebDriver at java.base/java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method) at java.base/java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:3334) at java.base/java.lang.Class.privateGetPublicMethods(Class.java:3359) at java.base/java.lang.Class.getMethods(Class.java:1990) at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.getDefaultMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:1481) at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:1454) at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.findMethod(ReflectionUtils.java:1304) at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.isMethodPresent(ReflectionUtils.java:1205) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.discovery.predicates.IsTestClassWithTests.hasTestOrTestFactoryOrTestTemplateMethods(IsTestClassWithTests.java:50) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.discovery.predicates.IsTestClassWithTests.test(IsTestClassWithTests.java:46) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.discovery.ClassSelectorResolver.resolve(ClassSelectorResolver.java:67) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.lambda$resolve(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.java:134) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.tryAdvance(ArrayList.java:1602) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEachWithCancel(ReferencePipeline.java:129) at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyIntoWithCancel(AbstractPipeline.java:502) at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:488) at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:474) at java.base/java.util.stream.FindOps$FindOp.evaluateSequential(FindOps.java:150) at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.findFirst(ReferencePipeline.java:647) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.resolve(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.java:185) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.resolve(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.java:125) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.discovery.EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.resolveCompletely(EngineDiscoveryRequestResolution.java:91) ... 30 more Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:636) at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:182) at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:519) ... 54 more
我已将 chromedriver 部署到 ext 文件夹并为我的浏览器安装了正确的版本。什么会导致这个问题？它似乎来自 @BeforeClass，如下所示：
@BeforeClass
public static void setUp() throws IOException {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "ext/chromedriver");
service = createDefaultService();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
Path testResults = Paths.get("build", "test-results");
if (!Files.exists(testResults)) {
Files.createDirectory(testResults);
}
}
否ClassDefFoundError
NoClassDefFoundError 当 JVM 无法在 [=63= 处找到特定的 class 时发生]time 在编译时可用。例如，如果我们已经解决了来自 class 的方法调用或访问 Class 的任何静态成员，并且 Class 在 运行 时间内不可用，那么 JVM 会抛出 NoClassDefFoundError.
您看到的错误是：
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/WebDriver at java.base/java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
这清楚地表明 Selenium 正试图在 运行 时间从 org/openqa/selenium/WebDriver[ 解析特定的 class 不再可用。
解决方案：
在 System.setProperty() 行中，您需要传递
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/complete/path/to/chromedriver");
参考资料
您可以在以下位置找到一些相关的详细讨论：
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/WebDriver
- Selenium-TestNG-Maven - Getting "java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/firefox/FirefoxDriver"