如何使 JPA 查询使用原始 ID 而不是托管实例?

How to make a JPA query use primitive ID instead of managed instance?

我试过了,但找不到更好的标题,所以看起来很奇怪,但问题其实很简单...

我有一个使用外键的 JPA 查询,默认情况下 JPA 将托管实体作为外键来执行查询,有什么办法可以通过长 ID 代替吗?

示例:

@Entity
@Table(name = "user")
public class User   {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.EAGER, orphanRemoval = true, mappedBy = "user")
    private Set<Item> entries = new HashSet<>();
    
}
@Entity
@Table(name = "item") 
public class Item implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
 
    @ManyToOne(targetEntity = User.class, optional = false, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    private User user;
    
}
@Repository
public interface ItemRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<User, Long> {
    
        // @formatter:off
        @Query("SELECT item FROM Item item WHERE (:user is null OR :user = item.user)")
        Page<Item> findByUser(@Param("user")User user, Pageable pageable);
        //@formatter:on
    
    }

我想要的不是将用户实体传递到存储库 class,而是只传递它的 ID,这样我就可以将 id 作为参数并避免对数据库进行一次查询,只是为了从中检索用户它的编号

我该怎么做

好吧,只需将参数设为 Long 然后

@Query("SELECT item FROM Item item WHERE (:userId is null OR :userId = item.user.id)")
Page<Item> findByUser(@Param("userId")Long userId, Pageable pageable);