如何将 Futures 的生命周期绑定到 Rust 中的 fn 参数

How to bind lifetimes of Futures to fn arguments in Rust

我正在尝试为 Rust MongoDB 驱动程序

编写一个简单的 run_transaction 函数

此函数尝试通过 mongo 数据库客户端执行事务并在遇到可重试错误时重试事务

这是函数的最小可重现示例。

use mongodb::{Client, Collection, ClientSession};
use mongodb::bson::Document;
use std::future::Future;

pub enum Never {}

fn main() {
    run_transaction(|mut session| async move {
        let document = collection().find_one_with_session(None,  None, &mut session).await?.unwrap();
        let r: Result<Document, TransactionError<Never>> = Ok(document);
        return r;
    });
}

fn collection() -> Collection<Document> {
    unimplemented!();
}

fn client() -> Client {
    unimplemented!();
}

pub enum TransactionError<E> {
    Mongodb(mongodb::error::Error),
    Custom(E)
}

impl<T> From<mongodb::error::Error> for TransactionError<T> {
    fn from(e: mongodb::error::Error) -> Self {
        TransactionError::Mongodb(e)
    }
}

// declaration
pub async fn run_transaction<T, E, F, Fut>(f: F) -> Result<T, TransactionError<E>> 
  where for<'a>
        F: Fn(&'a mut ClientSession) -> Fut + 'a,
        Fut: Future<Output = Result<T, TransactionError<E>>> { 

  
  let mut session = client().start_session(None).await?;
  session.start_transaction(None).await?;
      
  'run: loop {
    let r = f(&mut session).await;

    match r {
      Err(e) => match e {
        TransactionError::Custom(e) => return Err(TransactionError::Custom(e)),
        TransactionError::Mongodb(e) => {
          if !e.contains_label(mongodb::error::TRANSIENT_TRANSACTION_ERROR) {
            return Err(TransactionError::Mongodb(e));
          } else {
            continue 'run;
          }
        }
      },

      Ok(v) => {
        'commit: loop {
          match session.commit_transaction().await {
            Ok(()) => return Ok(v),
            Err(e) => {
              if e.contains_label(mongodb::error::UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION_COMMIT_RESULT) {
                continue 'commit;
              } else {
                return Err(TransactionError::Mongodb(e))
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

但是借用检查员一直抱怨这条消息:

error: lifetime may not live long enough
  --> src/main.rs:8:35
   |
8  |       run_transaction(|mut session| async move {
   |  ______________________------------_^
   | |                      |          |
   | |                      |          return type of closure `impl Future` contains a lifetime `'2`
   | |                      has type `&'1 mut ClientSession`
9  | |         let document = collection().find_one_with_session(None,  None, &mut session).await?.unwrap();
10 | |         let r: Result<Document, TransactionError<Never>> = Ok(document);
11 | |         return r;
12 | |     });
   | |_____^ returning this value requires that `'1` must outlive `'2`

有什么办法可以解决这个问题吗?

你真正需要的是:

pub async fn run_transaction<T, E, F, Fut>(f: F) -> Result<T, TransactionError<E>> 
  where
    for<'a>
        F: Fn(&'a mut ClientSession) -> Fut,
        Fut: Future<Output = Result<T, TransactionError<E>>> + 'a { 

不幸的是,这不起作用,因为 for<'a> 中定义的“高级特征绑定”(HRTB) 仅适用于下一个绑定,而不是每个绑定,并且无法连接两辈子...

但并非一切都丢失了!我在 Rust 支持论坛中发现这个 question 有类似的问题,可以根据您的问题进行调整。基本思想是创建一个特征,它用相同的生命周期包装 FnFuture 边界:

pub trait XFn<'a, I: 'a, O> {
  type Output: Future<Output = O> + 'a;
  fn call(&self, session: I) -> Self::Output;
}

impl<'a, I: 'a, O, F, Fut> XFn<'a, I, O> for F
where
  F: Fn(I) -> Fut,
  Fut: Future<Output = O> + 'a,
{
  type Output = Fut;
  fn call(&self, x: I) -> Fut {
      self(x)
  }
}

现在你的绑定函数很简单了:

pub async fn run_transaction<T, E, F>(f: F) -> Result<T, TransactionError<E>>
  where for<'a>
        F: XFn<'a, &'a mut ClientSession, Result<T, TransactionError<E>>>

请记住,要调用您必须编写的函数 f.call(&mut session)

不幸的是,调用run_transaction(),照原样,不编译,说FnOnce的实现不够通用。我认为它是 async move 的 limitation/bug 因为异步闭包不稳定。但是您可以改用适当的异步函数:

    async fn do_the_thing(session: &mut ClientSession) -> Result<Document, TransactionError<Never>> {
      let document = collection().find_one_with_session(None,  None, session).await?.unwrap();
      let r: Result<Document, TransactionError<Never>> = Ok(document);
      return r;
    }
    run_transaction(do_the_thing).await;

如果您认为这太复杂,并且您不介意支付非常小的运行时代价,那么有一个更简单的选择:您可以将返回的 future 装箱,完全避免第二个泛型:

pub async fn run_transaction<T, E, F>(f: F) -> Result<T, TransactionError<E>>
  where for<'a>
        F: Fn(&'a mut ClientSession) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<T, TransactionError<E>>> + 'a>>

然后,调用它:

    run_transaction(|mut session| Box::pin(async move {
        let document = collection().find_one_with_session(None,  None, session).await?.unwrap();
        let r: Result<Document, TransactionError<Never>> = Ok(document);
        return r;
    }));