如何在 iOS 上启用文件和文件夹权限

Question

我正在尝试使用 AlamoFire 下载文件并将其保存到用户选择的下载目录（如 safari）。但是，每当我将下载目录设置为应用程序文档之外的文件夹时，我都会收到以下错误（在真实的 iOS 设备上）：

downloadedFileMoveFailed(error: Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=513 "“CFNetworkDownload_dlIcno.tmp” couldn’t be moved because you don’t have permission to access “Downloads”." UserInfo={NSSourceFilePathErrorKey=/private/var/mobile/Containers/Data/Application/A24D885A-1306-4CE4-9B15-952AF92B7E6C/tmp/CFNetworkDownload_dlIcno.tmp, NSUserStringVariant=(Move), NSDestinationFilePath=/private/var/mobile/Containers/Shared/AppGroup/E6303CBC-62A3-4206-9C84-E37041894DEC/File Provider Storage/Downloads/100MB.bin, NSFilePath=/private/var/mobile/Containers/Data/Application/A24D885A-1306-4CE4-9B15-952AF92B7E6C/tmp/CFNetworkDownload_dlIcno.tmp, NSUnderlyingError=0x281d045d0 {Error Domain=NSPOSIXErrorDomain Code=1 "Operation not permitted"}}, source: file:///private/var/mobile/Containers/Data/Application/A24D885A-1306-4CE4-9B15-952AF92B7E6C/tmp/CFNetworkDownload_dlIcno.tmp, destination: file:///private/var/mobile/Containers/Shared/AppGroup/E6303CBC-62A3-4206-9C84-E37041894DEC/File%20Provider%20Storage/Downloads/100MB.bin)

该错误的摘要是我无权访问我刚刚授予访问权限的文件夹。

这是我附上的代码：

import SwiftUI
import UniformTypeIdentifiers
import Alamofire

struct ContentView: View {
    @AppStorage("downloadsDirectory") var downloadsDirectory = ""
    
    @State private var showFileImporter = false
    
    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Button("Set downloads directory") {
                showFileImporter.toggle()
            }
            
            Button("Save to downloads directory") {
                Task {
                    do {
                        let destination: DownloadRequest.Destination = { _, response in
                            let documentsURL = URL(string: downloadsDirectory)!
                            let suggestedName = response.suggestedFilename ?? "unknown"

                            let fileURL = documentsURL.appendingPathComponent(suggestedName)

                            return (fileURL, [.removePreviousFile, .createIntermediateDirectories])
                        }

                        let _ = try await AF.download(URL(string: "https://i.imgur.com/zaVQDFJ.png")!, to: destination).serializingDownloadedFileURL().value
                    } catch {
                        print("Downloading error!: \(error)")
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        .fileImporter(isPresented: $showFileImporter, allowedContentTypes: [UTType.folder]) { result in
            switch result {
            case .success(let url):
                downloadsDirectory = url.absoluteString
            case .failure(let error):
                print("Download picker error: \(error)")
            }
        }
    }
}

重现（运行在真正的 iOS 设备上！）：

点击Set downloads directory按钮On my iPhone
单击 Save to downloads directory 按钮
发生错误

经过进一步调查，我发现 safari 使用 Files and Folders 隐私权限（位于 iPhone 上的 Settings > Privacy > Files and folders 中）访问应用程序沙箱外的文件夹（This link 对于我正在谈论的图像）。我尽可能多地搜索了网络，但找不到任何关于此确切权限的文档。

我见过非苹果应用程序（如 VLC）使用此权限，但我无法弄清楚它是如何授予的。

我尝试启用以下 plist 属性，但其中 none 有效（因为我后来意识到这些仅适用于 macOS）

<key>NSDocumentsFolderUsageDescription</key>
<string>App wants to access your documents folder</string>
<key>NSDownloadsFolderUsageDescription</key>
<string>App wants to access your downloads folder</string>
<key>LSSupportsOpeningDocumentsInPlace</key>
<true/>
<key>UIFileSharingEnabled</key>
<true/>

有人可以帮我弄清楚如何授予文件和文件夹权限并解释它的作用吗？非常感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

经过一些研究，我无意中发现了这个 Apple 文档页面（在我发布此问题时 google 搜索了几个小时后没有找到）

https://developer.apple.com/documentation/uikit/view_controllers/providing_access_to_directories

导航到文章的 Save the URL as a Bookmark 部分。

利用 SwiftUI fileImporter 可以一次性 read/write 访问用户选择的目录。要保留此 read/write 访问权限，我必须制作一个书签并将其存储在某个地方以便以后访问。

因为我只需要一个用户下载目录的书签，所以我把它保存在UserDefaults中（一个书签就大小而言是很小的）。

保存书签时，该应用程序会添加到用户设置的 Files and folders 中，因此用户可以立即撤销该应用程序的文件权限（因此我的代码片段中的所有保护语句）。

这是我使用的代码片段，经过测试，下载在应用程序启动和多次下载中持续存在。

import SwiftUI
import UniformTypeIdentifiers
import Alamofire

struct ContentView: View {
    @AppStorage("bookmarkData") var downloadsBookmark: Data?
    
    @State private var showFileImporter = false
    
    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Button("Set downloads directory") {
                showFileImporter.toggle()
            }
            
            Button("Save to downloads directory") {
                Task {
                    do {
                        let destination: DownloadRequest.Destination = { _, response in
                            // Save to a temp directory in app documents
                            let documentsURL = FileManager.default.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)[0].appendingPathComponent("Downloads")
                            let suggestedName = response.suggestedFilename ?? "unknown"

                            let fileURL = documentsURL.appendingPathComponent(suggestedName)

                            return (fileURL, [.removePreviousFile, .createIntermediateDirectories])
                        }

                        let tempUrl = try await AF.download(URL(string: "https://i.imgur.com/zaVQDFJ.png")!, to: destination).serializingDownloadedFileURL().value
                        
                        // Get the bookmark data from the AppStorage call
                        guard let bookmarkData = downloadsBookmark else {
                            return
                        }
                        var isStale = false
                        let downloadsUrl = try URL(resolvingBookmarkData: bookmarkData, bookmarkDataIsStale: &isStale)
                        
                        guard !isStale else {
                            // Log that the bookmark is stale
                            
                            return
                        }
                        
                        // Securely access the URL from the bookmark data
                        guard downloadsUrl.startAccessingSecurityScopedResource() else {
                            print("Can't access security scoped resource")
                            
                            return
                        }
                        
                        // We have to stop accessing the resource no matter what
                        defer { downloadsUrl.stopAccessingSecurityScopedResource() }
                        
                        do {
                            try FileManager.default.moveItem(at: tempUrl, to: downloadsUrl.appendingPathComponent(tempUrl.lastPathComponent))
                        } catch {
                            print("Move error: \(error)")
                        }
                    } catch {
                        print("Downloading error!: \(error)")
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        .fileImporter(isPresented: $showFileImporter, allowedContentTypes: [UTType.folder]) { result in
            switch result {
            case .success(let url):
                // Securely access the URL to save a bookmark
                guard url.startAccessingSecurityScopedResource() else {
                    // Handle the failure here.
                    return
                }
                
                // We have to stop accessing the resource no matter what
                defer { url.stopAccessingSecurityScopedResource() }
                
                do {
                    // Make sure the bookmark is minimal!
                    downloadsBookmark = try url.bookmarkData(options: .minimalBookmark, includingResourceValuesForKeys: nil, relativeTo: nil)
                } catch {
                    print("Bookmark error \(error)")
                }
            case .failure(let error):
                print("Importer error: \(error)")
            }
        }
    }
}

如何在 iOS 上启用文件和文件夹权限

How to enable files and folders permission on iOS

ios

swift

alamofire