F# 中的通用字符串到整数转换

Generic string to integer conversion in F#

我正在 F# 中实现一个简单的字符串到整数转换器;逻辑是,例如从 stringuint32:

let inline sToUint s =
    let mutable v = 0u

    for c in s do
        v <- v * 10u + uint32 c - uint32 '0'

    v

现在我想将此实现用于其他整数类型,例如uint64。我怎样才能实现一个通用函数来做到这一点?

谢谢大家,SRTP(如答案中所用)是我在这种情况下所需要的。以下实现与@Brian Berns

的回答略有不同
// (char -> ^a) -> (string -> ^b)
let inline sToNum f =
    let tenTimes v = (v <<< 3) + (v <<< 1)
    fun (s: string) ->
        let mutable v = Unchecked.defaultof<_>
        for c in s do
            v <- (tenTimes v) + f c - f '0'
        v

你可以这样做:

let inline sToNum f =
    let ten = Seq.replicate 10 LanguagePrimitives.GenericOne |> Seq.sum
    fun s ->
        let mutable v = LanguagePrimitives.GenericZero
        for c in s do
            v <- v * ten + f c - f '0'
        v

let sToUint16 = sToNum uint16
let sToUint32 = sToNum uint32
let sToUint64 = sToNum uint64
let sToInt16 = sToNum int16
let sToInt32 = sToNum int32
let sToInt64 = sToNum int64

测试代码:

sToUint16 "123" |> printfn "%A"   // 123us
sToUint32 "123" |> printfn "%A"   // 123u
sToUint64 "123" |> printfn "%A"   // 123UL
sToInt16 "123" |> printfn "%A"    // 123s
sToInt32 "123" |> printfn "%A"    // 123
sToInt64 "123" |> printfn "%A"    // 123L

请注意,sToNum returns 是一个 lambda,因此不必每次都重新计算 ten。 (您甚至可以缓存 f '0' 的值,以节省更多时间。)

如果出于实际原因,最好使用 SRTP 创建可用于解析任何具有静态方法的函数 Parse: string -> ^a

let inline parse (input: string) : ^a =
    ( ^a: (static member Parse: string -> ^a) (input))

(parse "123" : int) |> printfn "%A"
(parse "123" : int64) |> printfn "%A"
(parse "123" : byte) |> printfn "%A"
(parse "123" : int16) |> printfn "%A"
(parse "123" : float32) |> printfn "%A"
(parse "123" : double) |> printfn "%A"
(parse "123" : string) |> printfn "%A" // fails to compile, as string doesn't have Parse method

请注意,如果输入的格式无效,parse 将抛出异常。为了能够处理这个问题,您可以使用 TryParse active pattern

let inline (|TryParse|_|) (input: string) : ^a option =
    let mutable result = Unchecked.defaultof< ^a >
    let success = ( ^a: (static member TryParse: string * ^a byref -> bool) (input, &result))
    if success then
        Some result
    else
        None

match "123" with
| TryParse (a : int) -> printfn "it's int %d" a
| TryParse (a : int64) -> printfn "it's very big int %d" a
| TryParse (a : float) -> printfn "it's double %f" a
| x -> printfn "it's something I can't handle: %s" x

请注意,这两个函数都将使用 CultureInfo.CurrentCulture 作为默认值。它们可以编辑使用CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,但我会把它留给作业