禁止直接赋值给多对多集合的前端。使用 manager.set() 代替
Direct assignment to the forward side of a many-to-many set is prohibited. Use manager.set() instead
在 Django 表单中使用 ManyToManyField 时出现错误，在 managar 字段中使用 ManyToManyField 时出现此错误。当我使用具有相同代码的外键时，它工作正常
我需要在 manytomanyfield 上工作，请帮助我
models.py
class Team(BaseModel):
Team_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
Logo=models.ImageField(upload_to='img/%Y/%m/%d',height_field=None, width_field=None, max_length=100, default=None)
Team_manager_photo=models.ImageField(upload_to='img/%Y/%m/%d',null=True, blank=True)
manager=models.ManyToManyField(User)
city =models.ForeignKey(
City,
models.CASCADE,
verbose_name='City',
)
form.py
这是添加和编辑数据的表单
class TeamForm(forms.Form):
Team_name = forms.CharField(max_length=30,required=True)
city = forms.ModelChoiceField(required=True, queryset=City.objects.all())
Logo=forms.ImageField(required=False)
Team_manager_photo=forms.ImageField(required=False)
manager= forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(required=False, queryset=User.objects.all(),widget=forms.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# city_id = kwargs.pop("city_id")
self.request = kwargs.pop('request', None)
super(TeamForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
views.py 添加和编辑数据的功能
def add_edit_team(request, city_id=None, id=None):
if id:
team=Team.objects.get(pk=id)
if request.method == "POST":
form=TeamForm(request.POST, request.FILES, request=request)
if form.is_valid():
Team_name=form.cleaned_data['Team_name']
Logo=form.cleaned_data['Logo']
Team_manager_photo=form.cleaned_data['Team_manager_photo']
manager=form.cleaned_data['manager']
city=request.POST['city']
if id:
team.Team_name=Team_name
team.Logo=Logo
team.Team_manager_photo=Team_manager_photo
team.manager=manager
team.city_id=city
team.save()
messages.success(request,'Team data updated successfully!')
return redirect('/fleet/team_list')
else:
s = Team(Team_name=Team_name,Logo=Logo,Team_manager_photo=Team_manager_photo,manager=manager,city_id = city)
s.save()
messages.success(request,'Team data added successfully!')
return redirect('/fleet/team_list')
elif id:
form=TeamForm(initial={'Team_name':team.Team_name,'Logo':team.Logo,'Team_manager_photo':team.Team_manager_photo,'manager':team.manager,'city':team.city})
else:
form=TeamForm()
context = {
'menu_car_management': 'active',
'submenu_team': 'active',
'form': form,
'id': id,
'city_id': city_id,
}
return render(request, "hiringprocess/team_edit.html", context=context)
添加新记录时输出错误
ERROR Internal Server Error: /fleet/team/1/add
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\HI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 34, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\HI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 115, in _get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Users\HI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 113, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\HI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\decorators.py", line 21, in _wrapped_view
return view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "E:_jan_2022_everest\everest_jarvis\fleet\views.py", line 3636, in add_edit_team
s = Team(Team_name=Team_name,Logo=Logo,Team_manager_photo=Team_manager_photo,manager=manager,city_id = city)
File "C:\Users\HI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 496,
in __init__
_setattr(self, prop, kwargs[prop])
File "C:\Users\HI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\related_descriptors.py", line 538, in __set__
% self._get_set_deprecation_msg_params(),
TypeError: Direct assignment to the forward side of a many-to-many set is prohibited. Use manager.set() instead.
ERROR "POST /fleet/team/1/add HTTP/1.1" 500 95625
使用 ManyToMany 时，您需要获取 User 对象，然后将其添加到 manager 字段。创建实例时不能将对象添加到 ManyToManyField。看看文档。 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/db/examples/many_to_many/
def add_edit_team(request, city_id=None, id=None):
if id:
team=Team.objects.get(pk=id)
if request.method == "POST":
form=TeamForm(request.POST, request.FILES, request=request)
if form.is_valid():
Team_name=form.cleaned_data['Team_name']
Logo=form.cleaned_data['Logo']
Team_manager_photo=form.cleaned_data['Team_manager_photo']
manager=form.cleaned_data['manager']
city=request.POST['city']
# Am assuming the User model has a manage field, but you can otherwise filter
# by any field in the user model.
managar_of_team = User.objects.filter(manager__in=manager)
if id:
team.Team_name=Team_name
team.Logo=Logo
team.Team_manager_photo=Team_manager_photo
team.manager= managar_of_team
team.city_id=city
team.save()
messages.success(request,'Team data updated successfully!')
return redirect('/fleet/team_list')
else:
s = Team(Team_name=Team_name,Logo=Logo,Team_manager_photo=Team_manager_photo,manager= managar_of_team,city_id = city)
s.save()
messages.success(request,'Team data added successfully!')
return redirect('/fleet/team_list')
elif id:
form=TeamForm(initial={'Team_name':team.Team_name,'Logo':team.Logo,'Team_manager_photo':team.Team_manager_photo,'manager':team.manager,'city':team.city})
else:
form=TeamForm()
context = {
'menu_car_management': 'active',
'submenu_team': 'active',
'form': form,
'id': id,
'city_id': city_id,
}
return render(request, "hiringprocess/team_edit.html", context=context)
如果image和manager(s)不是必须的，需要在对应的model字段上设置blank=True，可能重命名为[=11比较好=] 到 managers 因为这暗示我们正在与 多个 经理合作：
from django.conf import settings
class Team(BaseModel):
# …
Logo=models.ImageField(upload_to='img/%Y/%m/%d',height_field=None, width_field=None, max_length=100, default=None<strong>, blank=True</strong>)
<b>managers</b> = models.ManyToManyField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL<b>, blank=True</b>)
# …
我还建议使用 ModelForm：ModelForm 可以删除大量样板代码，从而使视图更小且更易于实现：
from django import forms
class TeamForm(forms.<strong>ModelForm</strong>):
class Meta:
<strong>model = Team</strong>
<strong>fields = '__all__'</strong>
widgets = {
'managers': forms.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
}
因此我们不需要手动定义任何表单字段：Django 将从 Team 模型派生表单字段。
在那种情况下，视图可以重写为：
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
def add_edit_team(request, city_id=None, id=None):
if id is not None:
team = get_object_or_404(Team, city_id=city_id, pk=id)
else:
team = None
if request.method == 'POST':
form = TeamForm(request.POST, request.FILES<strong>, instance=team</strong>)
if form.is_valid():
<strong>form.save()</strong>
if team is not None:
messages.success(request,'Team data updated successfully!')
else:
messages.success(request,'Team data added successfully!')
return redirect('/fleet/team_list')
else:
form = TeamForm(<strong>instance=team</strong>)
context = {
'menu_car_management': 'active',
'submenu_team': 'active',
'form': form,
'id': id,
'city_id': city_id,
}
return render(request, 'hiringprocess/team_edit.html', context=context)
就是这样：表单将自动创建或更新包装在表单中的实例并进行必要的更改（对模型字段和 many-to-many 关系）。
Note: It is normally better to make use of the settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL [Django-doc] to refer to the user model, than to use the User model [Django-doc] directly. For more information you can see the referencing the User model section of the documentation.
在 Django 表单中使用 ManyToManyField 时出现错误，在 managar 字段中使用 ManyToManyField 时出现此错误。当我使用具有相同代码的外键时，它工作正常 我需要在 manytomanyfield 上工作，请帮助我
models.py
class Team(BaseModel):
Team_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
Logo=models.ImageField(upload_to='img/%Y/%m/%d',height_field=None, width_field=None, max_length=100, default=None)
Team_manager_photo=models.ImageField(upload_to='img/%Y/%m/%d',null=True, blank=True)
manager=models.ManyToManyField(User)
city =models.ForeignKey(
City,
models.CASCADE,
verbose_name='City',
)
form.py 这是添加和编辑数据的表单
class TeamForm(forms.Form):
Team_name = forms.CharField(max_length=30,required=True)
city = forms.ModelChoiceField(required=True, queryset=City.objects.all())
Logo=forms.ImageField(required=False)
Team_manager_photo=forms.ImageField(required=False)
manager= forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(required=False, queryset=User.objects.all(),widget=forms.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# city_id = kwargs.pop("city_id")
self.request = kwargs.pop('request', None)
super(TeamForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
views.py 添加和编辑数据的功能
def add_edit_team(request, city_id=None, id=None):
if id:
team=Team.objects.get(pk=id)
if request.method == "POST":
form=TeamForm(request.POST, request.FILES, request=request)
if form.is_valid():
Team_name=form.cleaned_data['Team_name']
Logo=form.cleaned_data['Logo']
Team_manager_photo=form.cleaned_data['Team_manager_photo']
manager=form.cleaned_data['manager']
city=request.POST['city']
if id:
team.Team_name=Team_name
team.Logo=Logo
team.Team_manager_photo=Team_manager_photo
team.manager=manager
team.city_id=city
team.save()
messages.success(request,'Team data updated successfully!')
return redirect('/fleet/team_list')
else:
s = Team(Team_name=Team_name,Logo=Logo,Team_manager_photo=Team_manager_photo,manager=manager,city_id = city)
s.save()
messages.success(request,'Team data added successfully!')
return redirect('/fleet/team_list')
elif id:
form=TeamForm(initial={'Team_name':team.Team_name,'Logo':team.Logo,'Team_manager_photo':team.Team_manager_photo,'manager':team.manager,'city':team.city})
else:
form=TeamForm()
context = {
'menu_car_management': 'active',
'submenu_team': 'active',
'form': form,
'id': id,
'city_id': city_id,
}
return render(request, "hiringprocess/team_edit.html", context=context)
添加新记录时输出错误
ERROR Internal Server Error: /fleet/team/1/add
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\HI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 34, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\HI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 115, in _get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Users\HI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 113, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\HI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\decorators.py", line 21, in _wrapped_view
return view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "E:_jan_2022_everest\everest_jarvis\fleet\views.py", line 3636, in add_edit_team
s = Team(Team_name=Team_name,Logo=Logo,Team_manager_photo=Team_manager_photo,manager=manager,city_id = city)
File "C:\Users\HI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 496,
in __init__
_setattr(self, prop, kwargs[prop])
File "C:\Users\HI\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\related_descriptors.py", line 538, in __set__
% self._get_set_deprecation_msg_params(),
TypeError: Direct assignment to the forward side of a many-to-many set is prohibited. Use manager.set() instead.
ERROR "POST /fleet/team/1/add HTTP/1.1" 500 95625
使用 ManyToMany 时，您需要获取 User 对象，然后将其添加到 manager 字段。创建实例时不能将对象添加到 ManyToManyField。看看文档。 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/db/examples/many_to_many/
def add_edit_team(request, city_id=None, id=None):
if id:
team=Team.objects.get(pk=id)
if request.method == "POST":
form=TeamForm(request.POST, request.FILES, request=request)
if form.is_valid():
Team_name=form.cleaned_data['Team_name']
Logo=form.cleaned_data['Logo']
Team_manager_photo=form.cleaned_data['Team_manager_photo']
manager=form.cleaned_data['manager']
city=request.POST['city']
# Am assuming the User model has a manage field, but you can otherwise filter
# by any field in the user model.
managar_of_team = User.objects.filter(manager__in=manager)
if id:
team.Team_name=Team_name
team.Logo=Logo
team.Team_manager_photo=Team_manager_photo
team.manager= managar_of_team
team.city_id=city
team.save()
messages.success(request,'Team data updated successfully!')
return redirect('/fleet/team_list')
else:
s = Team(Team_name=Team_name,Logo=Logo,Team_manager_photo=Team_manager_photo,manager= managar_of_team,city_id = city)
s.save()
messages.success(request,'Team data added successfully!')
return redirect('/fleet/team_list')
elif id:
form=TeamForm(initial={'Team_name':team.Team_name,'Logo':team.Logo,'Team_manager_photo':team.Team_manager_photo,'manager':team.manager,'city':team.city})
else:
form=TeamForm()
context = {
'menu_car_management': 'active',
'submenu_team': 'active',
'form': form,
'id': id,
'city_id': city_id,
}
return render(request, "hiringprocess/team_edit.html", context=context)
如果image和manager(s)不是必须的，需要在对应的model字段上设置blank=True，可能重命名为[=11比较好=] 到 managers 因为这暗示我们正在与 多个 经理合作：
from django.conf import settings
class Team(BaseModel):
# …
Logo=models.ImageField(upload_to='img/%Y/%m/%d',height_field=None, width_field=None, max_length=100, default=None<strong>, blank=True</strong>)
<b>managers</b> = models.ManyToManyField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL<b>, blank=True</b>)
# …
我还建议使用 ModelForm：ModelForm 可以删除大量样板代码，从而使视图更小且更易于实现：
from django import forms
class TeamForm(forms.<strong>ModelForm</strong>):
class Meta:
<strong>model = Team</strong>
<strong>fields = '__all__'</strong>
widgets = {
'managers': forms.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
}
因此我们不需要手动定义任何表单字段：Django 将从 Team 模型派生表单字段。
在那种情况下，视图可以重写为：
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
def add_edit_team(request, city_id=None, id=None):
if id is not None:
team = get_object_or_404(Team, city_id=city_id, pk=id)
else:
team = None
if request.method == 'POST':
form = TeamForm(request.POST, request.FILES<strong>, instance=team</strong>)
if form.is_valid():
<strong>form.save()</strong>
if team is not None:
messages.success(request,'Team data updated successfully!')
else:
messages.success(request,'Team data added successfully!')
return redirect('/fleet/team_list')
else:
form = TeamForm(<strong>instance=team</strong>)
context = {
'menu_car_management': 'active',
'submenu_team': 'active',
'form': form,
'id': id,
'city_id': city_id,
}
return render(request, 'hiringprocess/team_edit.html', context=context)
就是这样：表单将自动创建或更新包装在表单中的实例并进行必要的更改（对模型字段和 many-to-many 关系）。
Note: It is normally better to make use of the
settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL[Django-doc] to refer to the user model, than to use theUsermodel [Django-doc] directly. For more information you can see the referencing theUsermodel section of the documentation.