Android 12 蓝牙权限混乱

Question

所以在API31中有新的蓝牙权限。我想用这个打开或关闭蓝牙：

private void changeBluetoothState(boolean status) {
    BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
    if (status)
        mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
    else mBluetoothAdapter.disable();
}

在清单中我已经有了这个：

<uses-permission
    android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS"
    tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

<uses-feature
    android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth"
    android:required="false" />

Android 文档说如果目标 API 31 或更高，则将 android:maxSdkVersion="30" 添加到上述蓝牙权限。我还在 Android Studio 中收到一个错误，即 enable() 和 disable() 函数需要 "android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT".

如果加上android:maxSdkVersion="30"告诉系统忽略更高 APIs 的声明是可选的而不是强制性的，这是否意味着不添加它将使语句继续工作更高 APIs?
如果"android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT"是为了让我的应用与其他蓝牙设备交互那么为什么需要在原始设备上启用或禁用蓝牙适配器？
如果运行时需要申请BLUETOOTH_CONNECT权限正确的完整方法是什么？意思是检查它是否已经如果不是，则授予然后请求它。我没有 Android 12 设备所以无法测试此代码。

Answer 1

目标 Android 12 我的工作解决方案是以这种方式声明权限：

<!--Before Android 12 (but still needed location, even if not requested)-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" android:maxSdkVersion="30" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" android:maxSdkVersion="30" />
<!--From Android 12-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" android:usesPermissionFlags="neverForLocation" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />

就像你说的，BLUETOOTH_SCAN 是不够的，你需要 BLUETOOTH_CONNECT（如果你决定像我一样，要求用户启用蓝牙启动新的 startActivityForResult 动作 BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE)

If the BLUETOOTH_CONNECT permission needs to be requested at runtime what is the correct full way to do it? Meaning checking if it's already granted then requesting it if it's not. I have no Android 12 device so no way to test this code.

是的，以同样的方式在 Android < 12 上请求位置许可（不再需要），但是同时请求 BLUETOOTH_SCAN 和 BLUETOOTH_CONNECT

Answer 2

为了改进@AndreasGobs 的回答，请在代码下方根据当前可用权限测试与设备的连接是否可行。在清单中，我设置了粗略和精细位置权限必须限制为最大 API 30。在 Android 6、8.1、11 和 12 设备上测试。我希望这会有用。

/**
 * - API < S
 *   - Check ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION and ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permissions
 *   - API < O
 *     - Check has GPS
 *     - Check GPS enabled
 * - API >= S
 *   - Check BLUETOOTH_SCAN permission
 *   - Check BLUETOOTH_CONNECT permission
 * - Check Bluetooth enabled
 */
private boolean canConnect(){
    Timber.d("canConnect called");
    List<String> deniedPermissions = new ArrayList<>();
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
        if (!checkPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION))
            deniedPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
        if (!checkPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION))
            deniedPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
        if(deniedPermissions.isEmpty()){
            if (!MmcDeviceCapabilities.hasLocationGps() //check if the device has GPS
                    || Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.O
                    || MmcDeviceCapabilities.isGpsEnabled()){ //check if the GPS is enabled
                if(MmcDeviceCapabilities.bluetoothEnabled()) //check if bluetooth is enabled
                    return true;
                else {
                    requestEnableBluetooth(); //method to request enable bluetooth
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else {
                Timber.d("Request enable GPS");
                requestEnableGps(); //method to request enable GPS (improving devices scan)
                return false;
            }
        }
        else {
            Timber.d("Request GPS permissions");
            requestRuntimePermissions(
                    "Bluetooth GPS request",
                    "GPS permissions request rationale",
                    GPS_PERMISSIONS_CODE,
                    deniedPermissions.toArray(new String[0]));
            return false;
        }
    }
    else { // Build.VERSION_CODES.S or later
        if(!checkPermission(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN))
            deniedPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN);
        if(!checkPermission(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT))
            deniedPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT);
        if(deniedPermissions.isEmpty())
            if(MmcDeviceCapabilities.bluetoothEnabled()) //check if bluetooth is enabled
                return true;
            else {
                requestEnableBluetooth(); //method to request enable bluetooth
                return false;
            }
        else {
            Timber.d("Request bluetooth permissions");
            requestRuntimePermissions(
                    "Bluetooth permissions request",
                    "Bluetooth permissions request rationale",
                    CONNECT_PERMISSIONS_CODE,
                    deniedPermissions.toArray(new String[0]));
            return false;
        }
    }
}
/**
 * This method checks if a runtime permission has been granted.
 * @param permission The permission to check.
 * @return <code>TRUE</code> if the permission has been granted, <code>FALSE</code> otherwise.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("BooleanMethodIsAlwaysInverted")
private boolean checkPermission(@NonNull String permission){
    return ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission)
            == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
}
private void requestRuntimePermissions(@NonNull String title, @NonNull String description, int requestCode, @NonNull String... permissions){
    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permissions[0])) {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
        builder
                .setTitle(title)
                .setMessage(description)
                .setCancelable(false)
                .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.no, (dialog, id) -> {
                    //do nothing
                })
                .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, (dialog, id) -> ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, requestCode));
        showDialog(builder); //method to show a dialog
    }
    else ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, requestCode);
}

Android 12 蓝牙权限混乱

Android 12 bluetooth permissions confusion

android

bluetooth

android-permissions