在 Python 中绘制 3D 立方体并绘制 3D 线
Plot 3D Cube and Draw Line on 3D in Python
我知道，对于那些知道的人Python好小菜一题。
我有一个 excel 文件，它看起来像这样：
1 7 5 8 2 4 6 3
1 7 4 6 8 2 5 3
6 1 5 2 8 3 7 4
我的目的是在Python中画一个立方体，按照这些数字的顺序画一条线。
注意：数组中没有大于8的数。
我可以用图片解释得更好
第一步：
第二步
最后一步：
我需要为 Excel 中的每一行打印 3D 立方体的最终版本。
我的解决方法
import numpy as np
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection, Line3DCollection
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = pd.read_csv("uniquesolutions.csv",header=None,sep='\t')
myArray = df.values
points = solutionsarray
def connectpoints(x,y,p1,p2):
x1, x2 = x[p1], x[p2]
y1, y2 = y[p1], y[p2]
plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k-')
# cube[0][0][0] = 1
# cube[0][0][1] = 2
# cube[0][1][0] = 3
# cube[0][1][1] = 4
# cube[1][0][0] = 5
# cube[1][0][1] = 6
# cube[1][1][0] = 7
# cube[1][1][1] = 8
for i in range():
connectpoints(cube[i][i][i],cube[],points[i],points[i+1]) # Confused!
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
# plot sides
ax.add_collection3d(Poly3DCollection(verts,
facecolors='cyan', linewidths=1, edgecolors='r', alpha=.25))
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_zlabel('Z')
plt.show()
在问题here中，他们设法用立方体中给出的点画了一些东西。
我尝试使用
最后一个问题：我可以3D打印红线的结果吗？我如何在 Python 中执行此操作？
首先，您似乎在使用 pandas 和 pd.read_csv 而未导入它。因为，您不是在阅读 headers 而只是想要一个值列表，所以只使用 numpy read 函数可能就足够了。
由于我无法访问您的 csv，因此我将在下面将顶点列表定义为变量。
vertices = np.zeros([3,8],dtype=int)
vertices[0,:] = [1, 7, 5, 8, 2, 4, 6, 3]
vertices[1,:] = [1, 7, 4, 6, 8, 2, 5, 3]
vertices[2,:] = [6, 1, 5, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4]
vertices = vertices - 1 #(adjust the indices by one since python starts with zero indexing)
这里我使用了一个二维的numpy数组来定义顶点。第一维，长度为3，为顶点列表的个数，第二维，长度为8，为每个顶点列表。
我从 vertices 列表中减去 1，因为我们将使用此列表来索引另一个数组，并且 python 索引从 0 而不是 1 开始。
然后，定义立方体坐标。
# Initialize an array with dimensions 8 by 3
# 8 for each vertex
# -> indices will be vertex1=0, v2=1, v3=2 ...
# 3 for each coordinate
# -> indices will be x=0,y=1,z=1
cube = np.zeros([8,3])
# Define x values
cube[:,0] = [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1]
# Define y values
cube[:,1] = [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]
# Define z values
cube[:,2] = [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1]
然后初始化绘图。
# First initialize the fig variable to a figure
fig = plt.figure()
# Add a 3d axis to the figure
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
然后为顶点列表 1 添加红线。您可以通过增加顶点的第一个索引为其他顶点列表重复此操作。
# Plot first vertex list
ax.plot(cube[vertices[0,:],0],cube[vertices[0,:],1],cube[vertices[0,:],2],color='r-')
# Plot second vertex list
ax.plot(cube[vertices[1,:],0],cube[vertices[1,:],1],cube[vertices[1,:],2],color='r-')
可以通过定义每个面的边来添加面。每张脸都有一个 numpy 数组。数组中有 5 个顶点，其中边由连续顶点之间的线定义。所以5个顶点创建4条边。
# Initialize a list of vertex coordinates for each face
# faces = [np.zeros([5,3])]*3
faces = []
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
# Bottom face
faces[0][:,0] = [0,0,1,1,0]
faces[0][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[0][:,2] = [0,0,0,0,0]
# Top face
faces[1][:,0] = [0,0,1,1,0]
faces[1][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[1][:,2] = [1,1,1,1,1]
# Left Face
faces[2][:,0] = [0,0,0,0,0]
faces[2][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[2][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
# Left Face
faces[3][:,0] = [1,1,1,1,1]
faces[3][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[3][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
# front face
faces[4][:,0] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[4][:,1] = [0,0,0,0,0]
faces[4][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
# front face
faces[5][:,0] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[5][:,1] = [1,1,1,1,1]
faces[5][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
ax.add_collection3d(Poly3DCollection(faces, facecolors='cyan', linewidths=1, edgecolors='k', alpha=.25))
整体看起来像这样。
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
vertices = np.zeros([3,8],dtype=int)
vertices[0,:] = [1, 7, 5, 8, 2, 4, 6, 3]
vertices[1,:] = [1, 7, 4, 6, 8, 2, 5, 3]
vertices[2,:] = [6, 1, 5, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4]
vertices = vertices - 1 #(adjust the indices by one since python starts with zero indexing)
# Define an array with dimensions 8 by 3
# 8 for each vertex
# -> indices will be vertex1=0, v2=1, v3=2 ...
# 3 for each coordinate
# -> indices will be x=0,y=1,z=1
cube = np.zeros([8,3])
# Define x values
cube[:,0] = [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1]
# Define y values
cube[:,1] = [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]
# Define z values
cube[:,2] = [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1]
# First initialize the fig variable to a figure
fig = plt.figure()
# Add a 3d axis to the figure
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
# plotting cube
# Initialize a list of vertex coordinates for each face
# faces = [np.zeros([5,3])]*3
faces = []
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
# Bottom face
faces[0][:,0] = [0,0,1,1,0]
faces[0][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[0][:,2] = [0,0,0,0,0]
# Top face
faces[1][:,0] = [0,0,1,1,0]
faces[1][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[1][:,2] = [1,1,1,1,1]
# Left Face
faces[2][:,0] = [0,0,0,0,0]
faces[2][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[2][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
# Left Face
faces[3][:,0] = [1,1,1,1,1]
faces[3][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[3][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
# front face
faces[4][:,0] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[4][:,1] = [0,0,0,0,0]
faces[4][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
# front face
faces[5][:,0] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[5][:,1] = [1,1,1,1,1]
faces[5][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
ax.add_collection3d(Poly3DCollection(faces, facecolors='cyan', linewidths=1, edgecolors='k', alpha=.25))
# plotting lines
ax.plot(cube[vertices[0,:],0],cube[vertices[0,:],1],cube[vertices[0,:],2],color='r')
ax.plot(cube[vertices[1,:],0],cube[vertices[1,:],1],cube[vertices[1,:],2],color='r')
ax.plot(cube[vertices[2,:],0],cube[vertices[2,:],1],cube[vertices[2,:],2],color='r')
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_zlabel('Z')
plt.show()
或者，如果您希望每组线条都有自己的颜色，请替换
ax.plot(cube[vertices[0,:],0],cube[vertices[0,:],1],cube[vertices[0,:],2],color='r')
ax.plot(cube[vertices[1,:],0],cube[vertices[1,:],1],cube[vertices[1,:],2],color='r')
ax.plot(cube[vertices[2,:],0],cube[vertices[2,:],1],cube[vertices[2,:],2],color='r')
和
colors = ['r','g','b']
for i in range(3):
ax.plot(cube[vertices[i,:],0],cube[vertices[i,:],1],cube[vertices[i,:],2],color=colors[i])
我知道，对于那些知道的人Python好小菜一题。
我有一个 excel 文件，它看起来像这样：
1 7 5 8 2 4 6 3
1 7 4 6 8 2 5 3
6 1 5 2 8 3 7 4
我的目的是在Python中画一个立方体，按照这些数字的顺序画一条线。 注意：数组中没有大于8的数。
我可以用图片解释得更好
第一步：
第二步
最后一步：
我需要为 Excel 中的每一行打印 3D 立方体的最终版本。
我的解决方法
import numpy as np
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection, Line3DCollection
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = pd.read_csv("uniquesolutions.csv",header=None,sep='\t')
myArray = df.values
points = solutionsarray
def connectpoints(x,y,p1,p2):
x1, x2 = x[p1], x[p2]
y1, y2 = y[p1], y[p2]
plt.plot([x1,x2],[y1,y2],'k-')
# cube[0][0][0] = 1
# cube[0][0][1] = 2
# cube[0][1][0] = 3
# cube[0][1][1] = 4
# cube[1][0][0] = 5
# cube[1][0][1] = 6
# cube[1][1][0] = 7
# cube[1][1][1] = 8
for i in range():
connectpoints(cube[i][i][i],cube[],points[i],points[i+1]) # Confused!
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
# plot sides
ax.add_collection3d(Poly3DCollection(verts,
facecolors='cyan', linewidths=1, edgecolors='r', alpha=.25))
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_zlabel('Z')
plt.show()
在问题here中，他们设法用立方体中给出的点画了一些东西。
我尝试使用
最后一个问题：我可以3D打印红线的结果吗？我如何在 Python 中执行此操作？
首先，您似乎在使用 pandas 和 pd.read_csv 而未导入它。因为，您不是在阅读 headers 而只是想要一个值列表，所以只使用 numpy read 函数可能就足够了。
由于我无法访问您的 csv，因此我将在下面将顶点列表定义为变量。
vertices = np.zeros([3,8],dtype=int)
vertices[0,:] = [1, 7, 5, 8, 2, 4, 6, 3]
vertices[1,:] = [1, 7, 4, 6, 8, 2, 5, 3]
vertices[2,:] = [6, 1, 5, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4]
vertices = vertices - 1 #(adjust the indices by one since python starts with zero indexing)
这里我使用了一个二维的numpy数组来定义顶点。第一维，长度为3，为顶点列表的个数，第二维，长度为8，为每个顶点列表。
我从 vertices 列表中减去 1，因为我们将使用此列表来索引另一个数组，并且 python 索引从 0 而不是 1 开始。
然后，定义立方体坐标。
# Initialize an array with dimensions 8 by 3
# 8 for each vertex
# -> indices will be vertex1=0, v2=1, v3=2 ...
# 3 for each coordinate
# -> indices will be x=0,y=1,z=1
cube = np.zeros([8,3])
# Define x values
cube[:,0] = [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1]
# Define y values
cube[:,1] = [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]
# Define z values
cube[:,2] = [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1]
然后初始化绘图。
# First initialize the fig variable to a figure
fig = plt.figure()
# Add a 3d axis to the figure
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
然后为顶点列表 1 添加红线。您可以通过增加顶点的第一个索引为其他顶点列表重复此操作。
# Plot first vertex list
ax.plot(cube[vertices[0,:],0],cube[vertices[0,:],1],cube[vertices[0,:],2],color='r-')
# Plot second vertex list
ax.plot(cube[vertices[1,:],0],cube[vertices[1,:],1],cube[vertices[1,:],2],color='r-')
可以通过定义每个面的边来添加面。每张脸都有一个 numpy 数组。数组中有 5 个顶点，其中边由连续顶点之间的线定义。所以5个顶点创建4条边。
# Initialize a list of vertex coordinates for each face
# faces = [np.zeros([5,3])]*3
faces = []
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
# Bottom face
faces[0][:,0] = [0,0,1,1,0]
faces[0][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[0][:,2] = [0,0,0,0,0]
# Top face
faces[1][:,0] = [0,0,1,1,0]
faces[1][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[1][:,2] = [1,1,1,1,1]
# Left Face
faces[2][:,0] = [0,0,0,0,0]
faces[2][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[2][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
# Left Face
faces[3][:,0] = [1,1,1,1,1]
faces[3][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[3][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
# front face
faces[4][:,0] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[4][:,1] = [0,0,0,0,0]
faces[4][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
# front face
faces[5][:,0] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[5][:,1] = [1,1,1,1,1]
faces[5][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
ax.add_collection3d(Poly3DCollection(faces, facecolors='cyan', linewidths=1, edgecolors='k', alpha=.25))
整体看起来像这样。
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
vertices = np.zeros([3,8],dtype=int)
vertices[0,:] = [1, 7, 5, 8, 2, 4, 6, 3]
vertices[1,:] = [1, 7, 4, 6, 8, 2, 5, 3]
vertices[2,:] = [6, 1, 5, 2, 8, 3, 7, 4]
vertices = vertices - 1 #(adjust the indices by one since python starts with zero indexing)
# Define an array with dimensions 8 by 3
# 8 for each vertex
# -> indices will be vertex1=0, v2=1, v3=2 ...
# 3 for each coordinate
# -> indices will be x=0,y=1,z=1
cube = np.zeros([8,3])
# Define x values
cube[:,0] = [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1]
# Define y values
cube[:,1] = [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]
# Define z values
cube[:,2] = [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1]
# First initialize the fig variable to a figure
fig = plt.figure()
# Add a 3d axis to the figure
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
# plotting cube
# Initialize a list of vertex coordinates for each face
# faces = [np.zeros([5,3])]*3
faces = []
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
faces.append(np.zeros([5,3]))
# Bottom face
faces[0][:,0] = [0,0,1,1,0]
faces[0][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[0][:,2] = [0,0,0,0,0]
# Top face
faces[1][:,0] = [0,0,1,1,0]
faces[1][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[1][:,2] = [1,1,1,1,1]
# Left Face
faces[2][:,0] = [0,0,0,0,0]
faces[2][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[2][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
# Left Face
faces[3][:,0] = [1,1,1,1,1]
faces[3][:,1] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[3][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
# front face
faces[4][:,0] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[4][:,1] = [0,0,0,0,0]
faces[4][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
# front face
faces[5][:,0] = [0,1,1,0,0]
faces[5][:,1] = [1,1,1,1,1]
faces[5][:,2] = [0,0,1,1,0]
ax.add_collection3d(Poly3DCollection(faces, facecolors='cyan', linewidths=1, edgecolors='k', alpha=.25))
# plotting lines
ax.plot(cube[vertices[0,:],0],cube[vertices[0,:],1],cube[vertices[0,:],2],color='r')
ax.plot(cube[vertices[1,:],0],cube[vertices[1,:],1],cube[vertices[1,:],2],color='r')
ax.plot(cube[vertices[2,:],0],cube[vertices[2,:],1],cube[vertices[2,:],2],color='r')
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_zlabel('Z')
plt.show()
或者，如果您希望每组线条都有自己的颜色，请替换
ax.plot(cube[vertices[0,:],0],cube[vertices[0,:],1],cube[vertices[0,:],2],color='r')
ax.plot(cube[vertices[1,:],0],cube[vertices[1,:],1],cube[vertices[1,:],2],color='r')
ax.plot(cube[vertices[2,:],0],cube[vertices[2,:],1],cube[vertices[2,:],2],color='r')
和
colors = ['r','g','b']
for i in range(3):
ax.plot(cube[vertices[i,:],0],cube[vertices[i,:],1],cube[vertices[i,:],2],color=colors[i])
