如何在由一个列表组成的嵌套列表上使用 RandomizedSearchCV?

How to use RandomizedSearchCV on a nested list consisting of one list?

我构建了一个句子边界检测分类器。对于序列标记,我使用了条件随机场。对于超参数优化,我想使用 RandomizedSearchCV。我的训练数据包含 6 个带注释的文本。我将所有 6 个文本合并到一个标记列表中。对于实现,我遵循了 documentation 中的示例。这是我的简化代码:

from sklearn_crfsuite import CRF
from sklearn_crfsuite import metrics
from sklearn.metrics import make_scorer
from sklearn.model_selection import RandomizedSearchCV
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
import scipy.stats

#my tokenlist has the length n
X_train = [feature_dict_token_1, ... , feature_dict_token_n]
# 3 types of tags, B-SEN for begin of sentence; E-SEN for end of sentence; O-Others
y_train = [tag_token_1, ..., tag_token_n]

# define fixed parameters and parameters to search
crf = sklearn_crfsuite.CRF(
    algorithm='lbfgs',
    max_iterations=100,
    all_possible_transitions=True
)
params_space = {
    'c1': scipy.stats.expon(scale=0.5),
    'c2': scipy.stats.expon(scale=0.05),
}

labels = ['B-SEN', 'E-SEN', 'O']

# use F1-score for evaluation
f1_scorer = make_scorer(metrics.flat_f1_score,
                        average='weighted', labels=labels)

# search
rs = RandomizedSearchCV(crf, params_space,
                        cv=3,
                        verbose=1,
                        n_jobs=-1,
                        n_iter=50,
                        scoring=f1_scorer)
rs.fit([X_train], [y_train])

我使用 rs.fit([X_train], [y_train]) 而不是 rs.fit(X_train, y_train),因为 crf.train 的 documentation 说,它需要一个列表列表:

fit(X, y, X_dev=None, y_dev=None)

Parameters: 
-X (list of lists of dicts) – Feature dicts for several documents (in a python-crfsuite format).
-y (list of lists of strings) – Labels for several documents.
-X_dev ((optional) list of lists of dicts) – Feature dicts used for testing.
-y_dev ((optional) list of lists of strings) – Labels corresponding to X_dev.

但是使用列表的列表我得到这个错误:

ValueError: Cannot have number of splits n_splits=5 greater than the number of samples: n_samples=1

我理解是因为我分别使用了[X_train]和[y_train],无法将CV应用于由一个列表组成的列表,但是X_train 和 y_train crf.fit 不应对。 我该如何解决这个问题?

根据官方教程here,您的train/test集(即X_trainX_test)应该是字典列表的列表。例如:

[[{'bias': 1.0,
   'word.lower()': 'melbourne',
   'word[-3:]': 'rne',
   'word[-2:]': 'ne',
   'word.isupper()': False,
   'word.istitle()': True,
   'word.isdigit()': False,
   'postag': 'NP'},
  {'bias': 1.0,
   'word.lower()': '(',
   'word[-3:]': '(',
   'word[-2:]': '(',
   'word.isupper()': False,
   'word.istitle()': False,
   'word.isdigit()': False,
   'postag': 'Fpa'},
   ...],
    [{'bias': 1.0,
   'word.lower()': '-',
   'word[-3:]': '-',
   'word[-2:]': '-',
   'word.isupper()': False,
   'word.istitle()': False,
   'word.isdigit()': False,
   'postag': 'Fg',
   'postag[:2]': 'Fg'},
    {'bias': 1.0,
   'word.lower()': '25',
   'word[-3:]': '25',
   'word[-2:]': '25',
   'word.isupper()': False,
   'word.istitle()': False,
   'word.isdigit()': True,
   'postag': 'Z'
   }]]

标签集(即y_tainy_test)应该是字符串列表的列表。例如:

[['B-LOC', 'I-LOC'], ['B-ORG', 'O']]

然后你像往常一样拟合模型:

rs.fit(X_train, y_train)

请阅读上面提到的教程,看看它是如何工作的。