如何根据 pandas DataFrame 中的条件从当前行值中减去上一行值？
how to subtract previous row value from current row value based on condition in pandas DataFrame?
在执行条件减法时，对于 ID 列中的值不等于 1 或 8 的那些行，我从列的当前行值中减去前一行值 (Jan - AnnualMean)。
怎么做？我尝试了以下，导致语法无效
for index,row in df.iterrows():
if row["ID"] =! [1,8]:
row.transform('diff')
输入
ID Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez AnnualMean
1 14 18 17 45 22 31 30 4 22 26 12 48 24
2 8 35 21 31 50 49 20 29 17 49 17 3 27
3 19 4 8 27 29 37 25 7 2 2 49 28 20
4 3 50 49 20 17 29 35 39 8 42 41 34 31
5 33 2 12 15 49 49 46 25 39 11 42 38 30
6 12 19 14 38 8 42 5 34 36 29 12 50 25
7 16 48 29 14 41 6 9 3 4 33 12 4 18
8 25 24 4 26 7 45 17 2 47 17 19 3 20
9 47 36 34 24 17 45 3 32 27 15 46 49 31
10 50 15 42 45 13 9 31 10 49 1 30 37 28
1 22 26 32 50 22 30 48 27 19 27 44 19 31
2 27 45 43 7 48 13 43 1 45 8 11 4 25
3 24 4 12 5 10 49 24 16 10 42 46 25 22
4 45 32 21 5 30 5 27 23 4 8 21 23 20
5 38 28 4 8 4 20 36 13 11 14 11 11 17
6 42 46 28 42 46 43 7 8 40 30 33 1 31
7 42 11 37 33 16 27 9 23 42 40 29 35 29
8 40 27 45 24 28 34 4 10 28 16 41 27 27
9 4 4 1 6 8 34 43 48 10 10 37 29 20
10 39 17 18 23 27 32 14 15 8 45 28 40 26
期望输出:
ID Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez AnnualMean
1 14 18 17 45 22 31 30 4 22 26 12 48 24
2 -6 17 4 -14 28 18 -10 25 -5 23 5 -45 3
3 11 -31 -13 -4 -21 -12 5 -22 -15 -47 32 25 -7
4 -16 46 41 -7 -12 -8 10 32 6 40 -8 6 11
5 30 -48 -37 -5 32 20 11 -14 31 -31 1 4 -1
6 -21 17 2 23 -41 -7 -41 9 -3 18 -30 12 -5
7 4 29 15 -24 33 -36 4 -31 -32 4 0 -46 -7
8 25 24 4 26 7 45 17 2 47 17 19 3 20
9 22 12 30 -2 10 0 -14 30 -20 -2 27 46 11
10 3 -21 8 21 -4 -36 28 -22 22 -14 -16 -12 -3
1 22 26 32 50 22 30 48 27 19 27 44 19 31
2 5 19 11 -43 26 -17 -5 -26 26 -19 -33 -15 -6
3 -3 -41 -31 -2 -38 36 -19 15 -35 34 35 21 -3
4 21 28 9 0 20 -44 3 7 -6 -34 -25 -2 -2
5 -7 -4 -17 3 -26 15 9 -10 7 6 -10 -12 -3
6 4 18 24 34 42 23 -29 -5 29 16 22 -10 14
7 0 -35 9 -9 -30 -16 2 15 2 10 -4 34 -2
8 40 27 45 24 28 34 4 10 28 16 41 27 27
9 -36 -23 -44 -18 -20 0 39 38 -18 -6 -4 2 -7
10 35 13 17 17 19 -2 -29 -33 -2 35 -9 11 6
更新
每次 ID 为 1 或 8 时，您必须创建一个组，然后对每个组应用 diff。最后，用原始数据为每个 ID 1 和 8 填充值：
idx = pd.IndexSlice[:, 'Jan':'AnnualMean']
df.loc[idx] = df.loc[idx].groupby(df['ID'].isin([1, 8]).cumsum()) \
.diff().fillna(df).astype(int)
输出：
>>> df
ID Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez AnnualMean
0 1 14 18 17 45 22 31 30 4 22 26 12 48 24
1 2 -6 17 4 -14 28 18 -10 25 -5 23 5 -45 3
2 3 11 -31 -13 -4 -21 -12 5 -22 -15 -47 32 25 -7
3 4 -16 46 41 -7 -12 -8 10 32 6 40 -8 6 11
4 5 30 -48 -37 -5 32 20 11 -14 31 -31 1 4 -1
5 6 -21 17 2 23 -41 -7 -41 9 -3 18 -30 12 -5
6 7 4 29 15 -24 33 -36 4 -31 -32 4 0 -46 -7
7 8 25 24 4 26 7 45 17 2 47 17 19 3 20
8 9 22 12 30 -2 10 0 -14 30 -20 -2 27 46 11
9 10 3 -21 8 21 -4 -36 28 -22 22 -14 -16 -12 -3
10 1 22 26 32 50 22 30 48 27 19 27 44 19 31
11 2 5 19 11 -43 26 -17 -5 -26 26 -19 -33 -15 -6
12 3 -3 -41 -31 -2 -38 36 -19 15 -35 34 35 21 -3
13 4 21 28 9 0 20 -44 3 7 -6 -34 -25 -2 -2
14 5 -7 -4 -17 3 -26 15 9 -10 7 6 -10 -12 -3
15 6 4 18 24 34 42 23 -29 -5 29 16 22 -10 14
16 7 0 -35 9 -9 -30 -16 2 15 2 10 -4 34 -2
17 8 40 27 45 24 28 34 4 10 28 16 41 27 27
18 9 -36 -23 -44 -18 -20 0 39 38 -18 -6 -4 2 -7
19 10 35 13 17 17 19 -2 -29 -33 -2 35 -9 11 6
旧答案
使用where:
>>> df.set_index('ID').where(~df['ID'].between(1, 8), other=df.set_index('ID').diff()).reset_index().fillna(df)
ID Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez AnnualMean
0 1 14.0 18.0 17.0 45.0 22.0 31.0 30.0 4.0 22.0 26.0 12.0 48.0 24.0
1 2 -6.0 17.0 4.0 -14.0 28.0 18.0 -10.0 25.0 -5.0 23.0 5.0 -45.0 3.0
2 3 11.0 -31.0 -13.0 -4.0 -21.0 -12.0 5.0 -22.0 -15.0 -47.0 32.0 25.0 -7.0
3 4 -16.0 46.0 41.0 -7.0 -12.0 -8.0 10.0 32.0 6.0 40.0 -8.0 6.0 11.0
4 5 30.0 -48.0 -37.0 -5.0 32.0 20.0 11.0 -14.0 31.0 -31.0 1.0 4.0 -1.0
5 6 -21.0 17.0 2.0 23.0 -41.0 -7.0 -41.0 9.0 -3.0 18.0 -30.0 12.0 -5.0
6 7 4.0 29.0 15.0 -24.0 33.0 -36.0 4.0 -31.0 -32.0 4.0 0.0 -46.0 -7.0
7 8 25.0 24.0 4.0 26.0 7.0 45.0 17.0 2.0 47.0 17.0 19.0 3.0 20.0
8 9 47.0 36.0 34.0 24.0 17.0 45.0 3.0 32.0 27.0 15.0 46.0 49.0 31.0
9 10 3.0 -21.0 8.0 21.0 -4.0 -36.0 28.0 -22.0 22.0 -14.0 -16.0 -12.0 -3.0
10 1 -28.0 11.0 -10.0 5.0 9.0 21.0 17.0 17.0 -30.0 26.0 14.0 -18.0 3.0
11 2 5.0 19.0 11.0 -43.0 26.0 -17.0 -5.0 -26.0 26.0 -19.0 -33.0 -15.0 -6.0
12 3 -3.0 -41.0 -31.0 -2.0 -38.0 36.0 -19.0 15.0 -35.0 34.0 35.0 21.0 -3.0
13 4 21.0 28.0 9.0 0.0 20.0 -44.0 3.0 7.0 -6.0 -34.0 -25.0 -2.0 -2.0
14 5 -7.0 -4.0 -17.0 3.0 -26.0 15.0 9.0 -10.0 7.0 6.0 -10.0 -12.0 -3.0
15 6 4.0 18.0 24.0 34.0 42.0 23.0 -29.0 -5.0 29.0 16.0 22.0 -10.0 14.0
16 7 0.0 -35.0 9.0 -9.0 -30.0 -16.0 2.0 15.0 2.0 10.0 -4.0 34.0 -2.0
17 8 40.0 27.0 45.0 24.0 28.0 34.0 4.0 10.0 28.0 16.0 41.0 27.0 27.0
18 9 4.0 4.0 1.0 6.0 8.0 34.0 43.0 48.0 10.0 10.0 37.0 29.0 20.0
19 10 35.0 13.0 17.0 17.0 19.0 -2.0 -29.0 -33.0 -2.0 35.0 -9.0 11.0 6.0
更新
根据您的评论：
idx = pd.IndexSlice[:, 'Jan':'AnnualMean']
df.loc[idx] = df.loc[idx].where(~df['ID'].between(1, 8), other=df.loc[idx]).diff().fillna(df)
您可以使用 loc 到 select 只有 rows/columns 在其中应用差异：
rows = df['ID'].between(1,8, inclusive='neither')
cols = df.columns!='ID'
df.loc[rows, cols] = df.diff()
输出：
ID Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez AnnualMean
0 1 14.0 18.0 17.0 45.0 22.0 31.0 30.0 4.0 22.0 26.0 12.0 48.0 24.0
1 2 -6.0 17.0 4.0 -14.0 28.0 18.0 -10.0 25.0 -5.0 23.0 5.0 -45.0 3.0
2 3 11.0 -31.0 -13.0 -4.0 -21.0 -12.0 5.0 -22.0 -15.0 -47.0 32.0 25.0 -7.0
3 4 -16.0 46.0 41.0 -7.0 -12.0 -8.0 10.0 32.0 6.0 40.0 -8.0 6.0 11.0
4 5 30.0 -48.0 -37.0 -5.0 32.0 20.0 11.0 -14.0 31.0 -31.0 1.0 4.0 -1.0
5 6 -21.0 17.0 2.0 23.0 -41.0 -7.0 -41.0 9.0 -3.0 18.0 -30.0 12.0 -5.0
6 7 4.0 29.0 15.0 -24.0 33.0 -36.0 4.0 -31.0 -32.0 4.0 0.0 -46.0 -7.0
7 8 25.0 24.0 4.0 26.0 7.0 45.0 17.0 2.0 47.0 17.0 19.0 3.0 20.0
8 9 47.0 36.0 34.0 24.0 17.0 45.0 3.0 32.0 27.0 15.0 46.0 49.0 31.0
9 10 50.0 15.0 42.0 45.0 13.0 9.0 31.0 10.0 49.0 1.0 30.0 37.0 28.0
10 1 22.0 26.0 32.0 50.0 22.0 30.0 48.0 27.0 19.0 27.0 44.0 19.0 31.0
11 2 5.0 19.0 11.0 -43.0 26.0 -17.0 -5.0 -26.0 26.0 -19.0 -33.0 -15.0 -6.0
12 3 -3.0 -41.0 -31.0 -2.0 -38.0 36.0 -19.0 15.0 -35.0 34.0 35.0 21.0 -3.0
13 4 21.0 28.0 9.0 0.0 20.0 -44.0 3.0 7.0 -6.0 -34.0 -25.0 -2.0 -2.0
14 5 -7.0 -4.0 -17.0 3.0 -26.0 15.0 9.0 -10.0 7.0 6.0 -10.0 -12.0 -3.0
15 6 4.0 18.0 24.0 34.0 42.0 23.0 -29.0 -5.0 29.0 16.0 22.0 -10.0 14.0
16 7 0.0 -35.0 9.0 -9.0 -30.0 -16.0 2.0 15.0 2.0 10.0 -4.0 34.0 -2.0
17 8 40.0 27.0 45.0 24.0 28.0 34.0 4.0 10.0 28.0 16.0 41.0 27.0 27.0
18 9 4.0 4.0 1.0 6.0 8.0 34.0 43.0 48.0 10.0 10.0 37.0 29.0 20.0
19 10 39.0 17.0 18.0 23.0 27.0 32.0 14.0 15.0 8.0 45.0 28.0 40.0 26.0
在执行条件减法时，对于 ID 列中的值不等于 1 或 8 的那些行，我从列的当前行值中减去前一行值 (Jan - AnnualMean)。
怎么做？我尝试了以下，导致语法无效
for index,row in df.iterrows():
if row["ID"] =! [1,8]:
row.transform('diff')
输入
ID Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez AnnualMean
1 14 18 17 45 22 31 30 4 22 26 12 48 24
2 8 35 21 31 50 49 20 29 17 49 17 3 27
3 19 4 8 27 29 37 25 7 2 2 49 28 20
4 3 50 49 20 17 29 35 39 8 42 41 34 31
5 33 2 12 15 49 49 46 25 39 11 42 38 30
6 12 19 14 38 8 42 5 34 36 29 12 50 25
7 16 48 29 14 41 6 9 3 4 33 12 4 18
8 25 24 4 26 7 45 17 2 47 17 19 3 20
9 47 36 34 24 17 45 3 32 27 15 46 49 31
10 50 15 42 45 13 9 31 10 49 1 30 37 28
1 22 26 32 50 22 30 48 27 19 27 44 19 31
2 27 45 43 7 48 13 43 1 45 8 11 4 25
3 24 4 12 5 10 49 24 16 10 42 46 25 22
4 45 32 21 5 30 5 27 23 4 8 21 23 20
5 38 28 4 8 4 20 36 13 11 14 11 11 17
6 42 46 28 42 46 43 7 8 40 30 33 1 31
7 42 11 37 33 16 27 9 23 42 40 29 35 29
8 40 27 45 24 28 34 4 10 28 16 41 27 27
9 4 4 1 6 8 34 43 48 10 10 37 29 20
10 39 17 18 23 27 32 14 15 8 45 28 40 26
期望输出:
ID Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez AnnualMean
1 14 18 17 45 22 31 30 4 22 26 12 48 24
2 -6 17 4 -14 28 18 -10 25 -5 23 5 -45 3
3 11 -31 -13 -4 -21 -12 5 -22 -15 -47 32 25 -7
4 -16 46 41 -7 -12 -8 10 32 6 40 -8 6 11
5 30 -48 -37 -5 32 20 11 -14 31 -31 1 4 -1
6 -21 17 2 23 -41 -7 -41 9 -3 18 -30 12 -5
7 4 29 15 -24 33 -36 4 -31 -32 4 0 -46 -7
8 25 24 4 26 7 45 17 2 47 17 19 3 20
9 22 12 30 -2 10 0 -14 30 -20 -2 27 46 11
10 3 -21 8 21 -4 -36 28 -22 22 -14 -16 -12 -3
1 22 26 32 50 22 30 48 27 19 27 44 19 31
2 5 19 11 -43 26 -17 -5 -26 26 -19 -33 -15 -6
3 -3 -41 -31 -2 -38 36 -19 15 -35 34 35 21 -3
4 21 28 9 0 20 -44 3 7 -6 -34 -25 -2 -2
5 -7 -4 -17 3 -26 15 9 -10 7 6 -10 -12 -3
6 4 18 24 34 42 23 -29 -5 29 16 22 -10 14
7 0 -35 9 -9 -30 -16 2 15 2 10 -4 34 -2
8 40 27 45 24 28 34 4 10 28 16 41 27 27
9 -36 -23 -44 -18 -20 0 39 38 -18 -6 -4 2 -7
10 35 13 17 17 19 -2 -29 -33 -2 35 -9 11 6
更新
每次 ID 为 1 或 8 时，您必须创建一个组，然后对每个组应用 diff。最后，用原始数据为每个 ID 1 和 8 填充值：
idx = pd.IndexSlice[:, 'Jan':'AnnualMean']
df.loc[idx] = df.loc[idx].groupby(df['ID'].isin([1, 8]).cumsum()) \
.diff().fillna(df).astype(int)
输出：
>>> df
ID Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez AnnualMean
0 1 14 18 17 45 22 31 30 4 22 26 12 48 24
1 2 -6 17 4 -14 28 18 -10 25 -5 23 5 -45 3
2 3 11 -31 -13 -4 -21 -12 5 -22 -15 -47 32 25 -7
3 4 -16 46 41 -7 -12 -8 10 32 6 40 -8 6 11
4 5 30 -48 -37 -5 32 20 11 -14 31 -31 1 4 -1
5 6 -21 17 2 23 -41 -7 -41 9 -3 18 -30 12 -5
6 7 4 29 15 -24 33 -36 4 -31 -32 4 0 -46 -7
7 8 25 24 4 26 7 45 17 2 47 17 19 3 20
8 9 22 12 30 -2 10 0 -14 30 -20 -2 27 46 11
9 10 3 -21 8 21 -4 -36 28 -22 22 -14 -16 -12 -3
10 1 22 26 32 50 22 30 48 27 19 27 44 19 31
11 2 5 19 11 -43 26 -17 -5 -26 26 -19 -33 -15 -6
12 3 -3 -41 -31 -2 -38 36 -19 15 -35 34 35 21 -3
13 4 21 28 9 0 20 -44 3 7 -6 -34 -25 -2 -2
14 5 -7 -4 -17 3 -26 15 9 -10 7 6 -10 -12 -3
15 6 4 18 24 34 42 23 -29 -5 29 16 22 -10 14
16 7 0 -35 9 -9 -30 -16 2 15 2 10 -4 34 -2
17 8 40 27 45 24 28 34 4 10 28 16 41 27 27
18 9 -36 -23 -44 -18 -20 0 39 38 -18 -6 -4 2 -7
19 10 35 13 17 17 19 -2 -29 -33 -2 35 -9 11 6
旧答案
使用where:
>>> df.set_index('ID').where(~df['ID'].between(1, 8), other=df.set_index('ID').diff()).reset_index().fillna(df)
ID Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez AnnualMean
0 1 14.0 18.0 17.0 45.0 22.0 31.0 30.0 4.0 22.0 26.0 12.0 48.0 24.0
1 2 -6.0 17.0 4.0 -14.0 28.0 18.0 -10.0 25.0 -5.0 23.0 5.0 -45.0 3.0
2 3 11.0 -31.0 -13.0 -4.0 -21.0 -12.0 5.0 -22.0 -15.0 -47.0 32.0 25.0 -7.0
3 4 -16.0 46.0 41.0 -7.0 -12.0 -8.0 10.0 32.0 6.0 40.0 -8.0 6.0 11.0
4 5 30.0 -48.0 -37.0 -5.0 32.0 20.0 11.0 -14.0 31.0 -31.0 1.0 4.0 -1.0
5 6 -21.0 17.0 2.0 23.0 -41.0 -7.0 -41.0 9.0 -3.0 18.0 -30.0 12.0 -5.0
6 7 4.0 29.0 15.0 -24.0 33.0 -36.0 4.0 -31.0 -32.0 4.0 0.0 -46.0 -7.0
7 8 25.0 24.0 4.0 26.0 7.0 45.0 17.0 2.0 47.0 17.0 19.0 3.0 20.0
8 9 47.0 36.0 34.0 24.0 17.0 45.0 3.0 32.0 27.0 15.0 46.0 49.0 31.0
9 10 3.0 -21.0 8.0 21.0 -4.0 -36.0 28.0 -22.0 22.0 -14.0 -16.0 -12.0 -3.0
10 1 -28.0 11.0 -10.0 5.0 9.0 21.0 17.0 17.0 -30.0 26.0 14.0 -18.0 3.0
11 2 5.0 19.0 11.0 -43.0 26.0 -17.0 -5.0 -26.0 26.0 -19.0 -33.0 -15.0 -6.0
12 3 -3.0 -41.0 -31.0 -2.0 -38.0 36.0 -19.0 15.0 -35.0 34.0 35.0 21.0 -3.0
13 4 21.0 28.0 9.0 0.0 20.0 -44.0 3.0 7.0 -6.0 -34.0 -25.0 -2.0 -2.0
14 5 -7.0 -4.0 -17.0 3.0 -26.0 15.0 9.0 -10.0 7.0 6.0 -10.0 -12.0 -3.0
15 6 4.0 18.0 24.0 34.0 42.0 23.0 -29.0 -5.0 29.0 16.0 22.0 -10.0 14.0
16 7 0.0 -35.0 9.0 -9.0 -30.0 -16.0 2.0 15.0 2.0 10.0 -4.0 34.0 -2.0
17 8 40.0 27.0 45.0 24.0 28.0 34.0 4.0 10.0 28.0 16.0 41.0 27.0 27.0
18 9 4.0 4.0 1.0 6.0 8.0 34.0 43.0 48.0 10.0 10.0 37.0 29.0 20.0
19 10 35.0 13.0 17.0 17.0 19.0 -2.0 -29.0 -33.0 -2.0 35.0 -9.0 11.0 6.0
更新
根据您的评论：
idx = pd.IndexSlice[:, 'Jan':'AnnualMean']
df.loc[idx] = df.loc[idx].where(~df['ID'].between(1, 8), other=df.loc[idx]).diff().fillna(df)
您可以使用 loc 到 select 只有 rows/columns 在其中应用差异：
rows = df['ID'].between(1,8, inclusive='neither')
cols = df.columns!='ID'
df.loc[rows, cols] = df.diff()
输出：
ID Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez AnnualMean
0 1 14.0 18.0 17.0 45.0 22.0 31.0 30.0 4.0 22.0 26.0 12.0 48.0 24.0
1 2 -6.0 17.0 4.0 -14.0 28.0 18.0 -10.0 25.0 -5.0 23.0 5.0 -45.0 3.0
2 3 11.0 -31.0 -13.0 -4.0 -21.0 -12.0 5.0 -22.0 -15.0 -47.0 32.0 25.0 -7.0
3 4 -16.0 46.0 41.0 -7.0 -12.0 -8.0 10.0 32.0 6.0 40.0 -8.0 6.0 11.0
4 5 30.0 -48.0 -37.0 -5.0 32.0 20.0 11.0 -14.0 31.0 -31.0 1.0 4.0 -1.0
5 6 -21.0 17.0 2.0 23.0 -41.0 -7.0 -41.0 9.0 -3.0 18.0 -30.0 12.0 -5.0
6 7 4.0 29.0 15.0 -24.0 33.0 -36.0 4.0 -31.0 -32.0 4.0 0.0 -46.0 -7.0
7 8 25.0 24.0 4.0 26.0 7.0 45.0 17.0 2.0 47.0 17.0 19.0 3.0 20.0
8 9 47.0 36.0 34.0 24.0 17.0 45.0 3.0 32.0 27.0 15.0 46.0 49.0 31.0
9 10 50.0 15.0 42.0 45.0 13.0 9.0 31.0 10.0 49.0 1.0 30.0 37.0 28.0
10 1 22.0 26.0 32.0 50.0 22.0 30.0 48.0 27.0 19.0 27.0 44.0 19.0 31.0
11 2 5.0 19.0 11.0 -43.0 26.0 -17.0 -5.0 -26.0 26.0 -19.0 -33.0 -15.0 -6.0
12 3 -3.0 -41.0 -31.0 -2.0 -38.0 36.0 -19.0 15.0 -35.0 34.0 35.0 21.0 -3.0
13 4 21.0 28.0 9.0 0.0 20.0 -44.0 3.0 7.0 -6.0 -34.0 -25.0 -2.0 -2.0
14 5 -7.0 -4.0 -17.0 3.0 -26.0 15.0 9.0 -10.0 7.0 6.0 -10.0 -12.0 -3.0
15 6 4.0 18.0 24.0 34.0 42.0 23.0 -29.0 -5.0 29.0 16.0 22.0 -10.0 14.0
16 7 0.0 -35.0 9.0 -9.0 -30.0 -16.0 2.0 15.0 2.0 10.0 -4.0 34.0 -2.0
17 8 40.0 27.0 45.0 24.0 28.0 34.0 4.0 10.0 28.0 16.0 41.0 27.0 27.0
18 9 4.0 4.0 1.0 6.0 8.0 34.0 43.0 48.0 10.0 10.0 37.0 29.0 20.0
19 10 39.0 17.0 18.0 23.0 27.0 32.0 14.0 15.0 8.0 45.0 28.0 40.0 26.0