使用 sed 进行多模式匹配引导字符串替换
Multiple pattern matching guided string replacements with sed
File1 是包含蛋白质坐标的硬格式 pdb 文件：
ATOM 1 N MET A 1 -37.809 27.446 34.618 1.00 43.34 N
ATOM 2 CA MET A 1 -37.480 26.307 33.746 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 3 C MET A 1 -36.495 25.493 34.556 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 4 CB MET A 1 -36.919 26.801 32.394 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 5 O MET A 1 -35.346 25.898 34.661 1.00 43.34 O
ATOM 6 CG MET A 1 -36.980 25.729 31.301 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 7 SD MET A 1 -35.977 26.080 29.826 1.00 43.34 S
ATOM 8 CE MET A 1 -36.833 27.479 29.055 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 9 N GLU A 2 -36.991 24.516 35.314 1.00 37.48 N
ATOM 10 CA GLU A 2 -36.090 23.617 36.039 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 11 C GLU A 2 -35.250 22.852 35.010 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 12 CB GLU A 2 -36.860 22.659 36.957 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 13 O GLU A 2 -35.776 22.534 33.938 1.00 37.48 O
ATOM 14 CG GLU A 2 -37.467 23.407 38.153 1.00 37.48 C
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
ATOM 981 N CYS A 123 -15.659 -7.164 13.998 1.00 90.53 N
ATOM 982 CA CYS A 123 -16.801 -7.332 13.106 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 983 C CYS A 123 -17.894 -8.234 13.699 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 984 CB CYS A 123 -16.321 -7.886 11.757 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 985 O CYS A 123 -18.918 -8.425 13.046 1.00 90.53 O
ATOM 986 SG CYS A 123 -15.266 -6.683 10.904 1.00 90.53 S
ATOM 987 N GLY A 124 -17.679 -8.840 14.874 1.00 90.37 N
ATOM 988 CA GLY A 124 -18.641 -9.764 15.474 1.00 90.37 C
ATOM 989 C GLY A 124 -18.851 -11.029 14.637 1.00 90.37 C
ATOM 990 O GLY A 124 -19.970 -11.514 14.513 1.00 90.37 O
ATOM 991 N SER A 125 -17.793 -11.536 13.996 1.00 92.09 N
ATOM 992 CA SER A 125 -17.837 -12.749 13.159 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 993 C SER A 125 -17.220 -13.976 13.833 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 994 CB SER A 125 -17.117 -12.481 11.840 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 995 O SER A 125 -17.538 -15.108 13.459 1.00 92.09 O
ATOM 996 OG SER A 125 -17.831 -11.523 11.084 1.00 92.09 O
....................... plus many more lines .................................
File2是从上面的字段3,4,5得到的代表行列表
.pdb 文件。为了简单起见，我们只考虑行：
GLU A 2
GLY A 124
期望的输出是：
ATOM 1 N MET A 1 -37.809 27.446 34.618 1.00 43.34 N
ATOM 2 CA MET A 1 -37.480 26.307 33.746 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 3 C MET A 1 -36.495 25.493 34.556 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 4 CB MET A 1 -36.919 26.801 32.394 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 5 O MET A 1 -35.346 25.898 34.661 1.00 43.34 O
ATOM 6 CG MET A 1 -36.980 25.729 31.301 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 7 SD MET A 1 -35.977 26.080 29.826 1.00 43.34 S
ATOM 8 CE MET A 1 -36.833 27.479 29.055 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 9 N GLU A 2 -36.991 24.516 35.314 1.00 00.00 N
ATOM 10 CA GLU A 2 -36.090 23.617 36.039 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 11 C GLU A 2 -35.250 22.852 35.010 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 12 CB GLU A 2 -36.860 22.659 36.957 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 13 O GLU A 2 -35.776 22.534 33.938 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 14 CG GLU A 2 -37.467 23.407 38.153 1.00 00.00 C
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
ATOM 981 N CYS A 123 -15.659 -7.164 13.998 1.00 90.53 N
ATOM 982 CA CYS A 123 -16.801 -7.332 13.106 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 983 C CYS A 123 -17.894 -8.234 13.699 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 984 CB CYS A 123 -16.321 -7.886 11.757 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 985 O CYS A 123 -18.918 -8.425 13.046 1.00 90.53 O
ATOM 986 SG CYS A 123 -15.266 -6.683 10.904 1.00 90.53 S
ATOM 987 N GLY A 124 -17.679 -8.840 14.874 1.00 00.00 N
ATOM 988 CA GLY A 124 -18.641 -9.764 15.474 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 989 C GLY A 124 -18.851 -11.029 14.637 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 990 O GLY A 124 -19.970 -11.514 14.513 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 991 N SER A 125 -17.793 -11.536 13.996 1.00 92.09 N
ATOM 992 CA SER A 125 -17.837 -12.749 13.159 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 993 C SER A 125 -17.220 -13.976 13.833 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 994 CB SER A 125 -17.117 -12.481 11.840 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 995 O SER A 125 -17.538 -15.108 13.459 1.00 92.09 O
ATOM 996 OG SER A 125 -17.831 -11.523 11.084 1.00 92.09 O
即如果 File1 的行包含
文件 2 出现。
我已经知道如何使用 Bash while-read 和 awk 来做到这一点，但是因为这些工具
更改格式并要求重新格式化 and/or 指定输出格式，在此
处理数百个文件的特殊情况它们是不实用的。
为了避免这些问题我决定寻找基于sed的解决方案。
如果我明确给出一个单一的搜索模式，我就会得到一个可行的解决方案。即
以下代码有效：
digits=00.00
sed "/GLU A 2/s/\(.\{61\}\)\(.\{5\}\)/$digits/" File1.pdb > out.pdb
但下面没有（File1 行未更改），我没有管理
找出原因：
digits=00.00
while read pattern; do
sed "/$pattern/s/\(.\{61\}\)\(.\{5\}\)/$digits/" File1.pdb > out.pdb ;
done < File2.txt
对于冗长的消息，我们深表歉意。在此先感谢您的帮助。
@anubhava:
使用我的真实数据，这是第一个替换站点发生的情况：
ATOM 293 CE1 HIS A 38 -18.278 19.735 13.486 1.00 67.94 C
ATOM 294 NE2 HIS A 38 -18.518 18.594 14.144 1.00 67.94 N
ATOM 295 N GLY A 39 -13.836 00.00 9.206 1.00 71.50 N
ATOM 296 CA GLY A 39 -12.628 00.00 8.447 1.00 71.50 C
ATOM 297 C GLY A 39 -11.358 00.00 9.286 1.00 71.50 C
ATOM 298 O GLY A 39 -11.411 18.636 10.344 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 299 N PRO A 40 -10.180 17.577 8.797 1.00 71.93 N
ATOM 300 CA PRO A 40 -8.908 17.719 9.520 1.00 71.93 C
ATOM 301 C PRO A 40 -8.580 19.169 9.912 1.00 71.93 C
在这种情况下，网站是/GLY A 39/。如您所见，第 8 个字段中的某些行和不需要的替换发生了变化。
奇怪的是，这样的问题只发生在第一次更换时，即 remaning 输出非常完美。谢谢。
awk更适合这个角色：
awk 'FNR==NR {a[,,]; next} (,,) in a {="00.00"} 1' file2 file1 | column -t
ATOM 1 N MET A 1 -37.809 27.446 34.618 1.00 43.34 N
ATOM 2 CA MET A 1 -37.480 26.307 33.746 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 3 C MET A 1 -36.495 25.493 34.556 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 4 CB MET A 1 -36.919 26.801 32.394 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 5 O MET A 1 -35.346 25.898 34.661 1.00 43.34 O
ATOM 6 CG MET A 1 -36.980 25.729 31.301 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 7 SD MET A 1 -35.977 26.080 29.826 1.00 43.34 S
ATOM 8 CE MET A 1 -36.833 27.479 29.055 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 9 N GLU A 2 -36.991 24.516 35.314 1.00 00.00 N
ATOM 10 CA GLU A 2 -36.090 23.617 36.039 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 11 C GLU A 2 -35.250 22.852 35.010 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 12 CB GLU A 2 -36.860 22.659 36.957 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 13 O GLU A 2 -35.776 22.534 33.938 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 14 CG GLU A 2 -37.467 23.407 38.153 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 981 N CYS A 123 -15.659 -7.164 13.998 1.00 90.53 N
ATOM 982 CA CYS A 123 -16.801 -7.332 13.106 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 983 C CYS A 123 -17.894 -8.234 13.699 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 984 CB CYS A 123 -16.321 -7.886 11.757 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 985 O CYS A 123 -18.918 -8.425 13.046 1.00 90.53 O
ATOM 986 SG CYS A 123 -15.266 -6.683 10.904 1.00 90.53 S
ATOM 987 N GLY A 124 -17.679 -8.840 14.874 1.00 00.00 N
ATOM 988 CA GLY A 124 -18.641 -9.764 15.474 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 989 C GLY A 124 -18.851 -11.029 14.637 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 990 O GLY A 124 -19.970 -11.514 14.513 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 991 N SER A 125 -17.793 -11.536 13.996 1.00 92.09 N
ATOM 992 CA SER A 125 -17.837 -12.749 13.159 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 993 C SER A 125 -17.220 -13.976 13.833 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 994 CB SER A 125 -17.117 -12.481 11.840 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 995 O SER A 125 -17.538 -15.108 13.459 1.00 92.09 O
ATOM 996 OG SER A 125 -17.831 -11.523 11.084 1.00 92.09 O
仅用于 column -t 表格输出显示。
在逐行读取文件 2 的 while loop 中使用 sed，您可以仅定位与文件 2 中找到的行相匹配的行，并在这些行上执行子操作；
s/\(.*\)[0-9]\{2\}\.[0-9]\{2\}\([[:space:]]\+.*$\)/ - 将所有内容分组到与模式匹配的最后一位数字，并保留 return 后向引用 </code>。排除模式中匹配的数字，并再次将 space 和 return 与 back-reference <code>
之后的所有其他内容分组
$ cat file1
ATOM 1 N MET A 1 -37.809 27.446 34.618 1.00 43.34 N
ATOM 2 CA MET A 1 -37.480 26.307 33.746 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 3 C MET A 1 -36.495 25.493 34.556 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 4 CB MET A 1 -36.919 26.801 32.394 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 5 O MET A 1 -35.346 25.898 34.661 1.00 43.34 O
ATOM 6 CG MET A 1 -36.980 25.729 31.301 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 7 SD MET A 1 -35.977 26.080 29.826 1.00 43.34 S
ATOM 8 CE MET A 1 -36.833 27.479 29.055 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 9 N GLU A 2 -36.991 24.516 35.314 1.00 37.48 N
ATOM 10 CA GLU A 2 -36.090 23.617 36.039 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 11 C GLU A 2 -35.250 22.852 35.010 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 12 CB GLU A 2 -36.860 22.659 36.957 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 13 O GLU A 2 -35.776 22.534 33.938 1.00 37.48 O
ATOM 14 CG GLU A 2 -37.467 23.407 38.153 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 981 N CYS A 123 -15.659 -7.164 13.998 1.00 90.53 N
ATOM 982 CA CYS A 123 -16.801 -7.332 13.106 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 983 C CYS A 123 -17.894 -8.234 13.699 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 984 CB CYS A 123 -16.321 -7.886 11.757 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 985 O CYS A 123 -18.918 -8.425 13.046 1.00 90.53 O
ATOM 986 SG CYS A 123 -15.266 -6.683 10.904 1.00 90.53 S
ATOM 987 N GLY A 124 -17.679 -8.840 14.874 1.00 90.37 N
ATOM 988 CA GLY A 124 -18.641 -9.764 15.474 1.00 90.37 C
ATOM 989 C GLY A 124 -18.851 -11.029 14.637 1.00 90.37 C
ATOM 990 O GLY A 124 -19.970 -11.514 14.513 1.00 90.37 O
ATOM 991 N SER A 125 -17.793 -11.536 13.996 1.00 92.09 N
ATOM 992 CA SER A 125 -17.837 -12.749 13.159 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 993 C SER A 125 -17.220 -13.976 13.833 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 994 CB SER A 125 -17.117 -12.481 11.840 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 995 O SER A 125 -17.538 -15.108 13.459 1.00 92.09 O
ATOM 996 OG SER A 125 -17.831 -11.523 11.084 1.00 92.09 O
$ while read -r line; do sed -i.bak "/$line/s/\(.*\)[0-9]\{2\}\.[0-9]\{2\}\([[:space:]]\+.*$\)/0.00/" file1; done < file2
$ cat file1
ATOM 1 N MET A 1 -37.809 27.446 34.618 1.00 43.34 N
ATOM 2 CA MET A 1 -37.480 26.307 33.746 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 3 C MET A 1 -36.495 25.493 34.556 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 4 CB MET A 1 -36.919 26.801 32.394 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 5 O MET A 1 -35.346 25.898 34.661 1.00 43.34 O
ATOM 6 CG MET A 1 -36.980 25.729 31.301 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 7 SD MET A 1 -35.977 26.080 29.826 1.00 43.34 S
ATOM 8 CE MET A 1 -36.833 27.479 29.055 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 9 N GLU A 2 -36.991 24.516 35.314 1.00 00.00 N
ATOM 10 CA GLU A 2 -36.090 23.617 36.039 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 11 C GLU A 2 -35.250 22.852 35.010 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 12 CB GLU A 2 -36.860 22.659 36.957 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 13 O GLU A 2 -35.776 22.534 33.938 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 14 CG GLU A 2 -37.467 23.407 38.153 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 981 N CYS A 123 -15.659 -7.164 13.998 1.00 90.53 N
ATOM 982 CA CYS A 123 -16.801 -7.332 13.106 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 983 C CYS A 123 -17.894 -8.234 13.699 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 984 CB CYS A 123 -16.321 -7.886 11.757 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 985 O CYS A 123 -18.918 -8.425 13.046 1.00 90.53 O
ATOM 986 SG CYS A 123 -15.266 -6.683 10.904 1.00 90.53 S
ATOM 987 N GLY A 124 -17.679 -8.840 14.874 1.00 00.00 N
ATOM 988 CA GLY A 124 -18.641 -9.764 15.474 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 989 C GLY A 124 -18.851 -11.029 14.637 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 990 O GLY A 124 -19.970 -11.514 14.513 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 991 N SER A 125 -17.793 -11.536 13.996 1.00 92.09 N
ATOM 992 CA SER A 125 -17.837 -12.749 13.159 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 993 C SER A 125 -17.220 -13.976 13.833 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 994 CB SER A 125 -17.117 -12.481 11.840 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 995 O SER A 125 -17.538 -15.108 13.459 1.00 92.09 O
ATOM 996 OG SER A 125 -17.831 -11.523 11.084 1.00 92.09 O
File1 是包含蛋白质坐标的硬格式 pdb 文件：
ATOM 1 N MET A 1 -37.809 27.446 34.618 1.00 43.34 N
ATOM 2 CA MET A 1 -37.480 26.307 33.746 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 3 C MET A 1 -36.495 25.493 34.556 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 4 CB MET A 1 -36.919 26.801 32.394 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 5 O MET A 1 -35.346 25.898 34.661 1.00 43.34 O
ATOM 6 CG MET A 1 -36.980 25.729 31.301 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 7 SD MET A 1 -35.977 26.080 29.826 1.00 43.34 S
ATOM 8 CE MET A 1 -36.833 27.479 29.055 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 9 N GLU A 2 -36.991 24.516 35.314 1.00 37.48 N
ATOM 10 CA GLU A 2 -36.090 23.617 36.039 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 11 C GLU A 2 -35.250 22.852 35.010 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 12 CB GLU A 2 -36.860 22.659 36.957 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 13 O GLU A 2 -35.776 22.534 33.938 1.00 37.48 O
ATOM 14 CG GLU A 2 -37.467 23.407 38.153 1.00 37.48 C
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
ATOM 981 N CYS A 123 -15.659 -7.164 13.998 1.00 90.53 N
ATOM 982 CA CYS A 123 -16.801 -7.332 13.106 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 983 C CYS A 123 -17.894 -8.234 13.699 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 984 CB CYS A 123 -16.321 -7.886 11.757 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 985 O CYS A 123 -18.918 -8.425 13.046 1.00 90.53 O
ATOM 986 SG CYS A 123 -15.266 -6.683 10.904 1.00 90.53 S
ATOM 987 N GLY A 124 -17.679 -8.840 14.874 1.00 90.37 N
ATOM 988 CA GLY A 124 -18.641 -9.764 15.474 1.00 90.37 C
ATOM 989 C GLY A 124 -18.851 -11.029 14.637 1.00 90.37 C
ATOM 990 O GLY A 124 -19.970 -11.514 14.513 1.00 90.37 O
ATOM 991 N SER A 125 -17.793 -11.536 13.996 1.00 92.09 N
ATOM 992 CA SER A 125 -17.837 -12.749 13.159 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 993 C SER A 125 -17.220 -13.976 13.833 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 994 CB SER A 125 -17.117 -12.481 11.840 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 995 O SER A 125 -17.538 -15.108 13.459 1.00 92.09 O
ATOM 996 OG SER A 125 -17.831 -11.523 11.084 1.00 92.09 O
....................... plus many more lines .................................
File2是从上面的字段3,4,5得到的代表行列表 .pdb 文件。为了简单起见，我们只考虑行：
GLU A 2
GLY A 124
期望的输出是：
ATOM 1 N MET A 1 -37.809 27.446 34.618 1.00 43.34 N
ATOM 2 CA MET A 1 -37.480 26.307 33.746 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 3 C MET A 1 -36.495 25.493 34.556 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 4 CB MET A 1 -36.919 26.801 32.394 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 5 O MET A 1 -35.346 25.898 34.661 1.00 43.34 O
ATOM 6 CG MET A 1 -36.980 25.729 31.301 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 7 SD MET A 1 -35.977 26.080 29.826 1.00 43.34 S
ATOM 8 CE MET A 1 -36.833 27.479 29.055 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 9 N GLU A 2 -36.991 24.516 35.314 1.00 00.00 N
ATOM 10 CA GLU A 2 -36.090 23.617 36.039 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 11 C GLU A 2 -35.250 22.852 35.010 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 12 CB GLU A 2 -36.860 22.659 36.957 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 13 O GLU A 2 -35.776 22.534 33.938 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 14 CG GLU A 2 -37.467 23.407 38.153 1.00 00.00 C
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
ATOM 981 N CYS A 123 -15.659 -7.164 13.998 1.00 90.53 N
ATOM 982 CA CYS A 123 -16.801 -7.332 13.106 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 983 C CYS A 123 -17.894 -8.234 13.699 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 984 CB CYS A 123 -16.321 -7.886 11.757 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 985 O CYS A 123 -18.918 -8.425 13.046 1.00 90.53 O
ATOM 986 SG CYS A 123 -15.266 -6.683 10.904 1.00 90.53 S
ATOM 987 N GLY A 124 -17.679 -8.840 14.874 1.00 00.00 N
ATOM 988 CA GLY A 124 -18.641 -9.764 15.474 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 989 C GLY A 124 -18.851 -11.029 14.637 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 990 O GLY A 124 -19.970 -11.514 14.513 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 991 N SER A 125 -17.793 -11.536 13.996 1.00 92.09 N
ATOM 992 CA SER A 125 -17.837 -12.749 13.159 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 993 C SER A 125 -17.220 -13.976 13.833 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 994 CB SER A 125 -17.117 -12.481 11.840 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 995 O SER A 125 -17.538 -15.108 13.459 1.00 92.09 O
ATOM 996 OG SER A 125 -17.831 -11.523 11.084 1.00 92.09 O
即如果 File1 的行包含 文件 2 出现。
我已经知道如何使用 Bash while-read 和 awk 来做到这一点，但是因为这些工具 更改格式并要求重新格式化 and/or 指定输出格式，在此 处理数百个文件的特殊情况它们是不实用的。 为了避免这些问题我决定寻找基于sed的解决方案。 如果我明确给出一个单一的搜索模式，我就会得到一个可行的解决方案。即 以下代码有效：
digits=00.00
sed "/GLU A 2/s/\(.\{61\}\)\(.\{5\}\)/$digits/" File1.pdb > out.pdb
但下面没有（File1 行未更改），我没有管理 找出原因：
digits=00.00
while read pattern; do
sed "/$pattern/s/\(.\{61\}\)\(.\{5\}\)/$digits/" File1.pdb > out.pdb ;
done < File2.txt
对于冗长的消息，我们深表歉意。在此先感谢您的帮助。
@anubhava:
使用我的真实数据，这是第一个替换站点发生的情况：
ATOM 293 CE1 HIS A 38 -18.278 19.735 13.486 1.00 67.94 C
ATOM 294 NE2 HIS A 38 -18.518 18.594 14.144 1.00 67.94 N
ATOM 295 N GLY A 39 -13.836 00.00 9.206 1.00 71.50 N
ATOM 296 CA GLY A 39 -12.628 00.00 8.447 1.00 71.50 C
ATOM 297 C GLY A 39 -11.358 00.00 9.286 1.00 71.50 C
ATOM 298 O GLY A 39 -11.411 18.636 10.344 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 299 N PRO A 40 -10.180 17.577 8.797 1.00 71.93 N
ATOM 300 CA PRO A 40 -8.908 17.719 9.520 1.00 71.93 C
ATOM 301 C PRO A 40 -8.580 19.169 9.912 1.00 71.93 C
在这种情况下，网站是/GLY A 39/。如您所见，第 8 个字段中的某些行和不需要的替换发生了变化。 奇怪的是，这样的问题只发生在第一次更换时，即 remaning 输出非常完美。谢谢。
awk更适合这个角色：
awk 'FNR==NR {a[,,]; next} (,,) in a {="00.00"} 1' file2 file1 | column -t
ATOM 1 N MET A 1 -37.809 27.446 34.618 1.00 43.34 N
ATOM 2 CA MET A 1 -37.480 26.307 33.746 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 3 C MET A 1 -36.495 25.493 34.556 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 4 CB MET A 1 -36.919 26.801 32.394 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 5 O MET A 1 -35.346 25.898 34.661 1.00 43.34 O
ATOM 6 CG MET A 1 -36.980 25.729 31.301 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 7 SD MET A 1 -35.977 26.080 29.826 1.00 43.34 S
ATOM 8 CE MET A 1 -36.833 27.479 29.055 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 9 N GLU A 2 -36.991 24.516 35.314 1.00 00.00 N
ATOM 10 CA GLU A 2 -36.090 23.617 36.039 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 11 C GLU A 2 -35.250 22.852 35.010 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 12 CB GLU A 2 -36.860 22.659 36.957 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 13 O GLU A 2 -35.776 22.534 33.938 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 14 CG GLU A 2 -37.467 23.407 38.153 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 981 N CYS A 123 -15.659 -7.164 13.998 1.00 90.53 N
ATOM 982 CA CYS A 123 -16.801 -7.332 13.106 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 983 C CYS A 123 -17.894 -8.234 13.699 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 984 CB CYS A 123 -16.321 -7.886 11.757 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 985 O CYS A 123 -18.918 -8.425 13.046 1.00 90.53 O
ATOM 986 SG CYS A 123 -15.266 -6.683 10.904 1.00 90.53 S
ATOM 987 N GLY A 124 -17.679 -8.840 14.874 1.00 00.00 N
ATOM 988 CA GLY A 124 -18.641 -9.764 15.474 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 989 C GLY A 124 -18.851 -11.029 14.637 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 990 O GLY A 124 -19.970 -11.514 14.513 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 991 N SER A 125 -17.793 -11.536 13.996 1.00 92.09 N
ATOM 992 CA SER A 125 -17.837 -12.749 13.159 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 993 C SER A 125 -17.220 -13.976 13.833 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 994 CB SER A 125 -17.117 -12.481 11.840 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 995 O SER A 125 -17.538 -15.108 13.459 1.00 92.09 O
ATOM 996 OG SER A 125 -17.831 -11.523 11.084 1.00 92.09 O
仅用于 column -t 表格输出显示。
在逐行读取文件 2 的 while loop 中使用 sed，您可以仅定位与文件 2 中找到的行相匹配的行，并在这些行上执行子操作；
s/\(.*\)[0-9]\{2\}\.[0-9]\{2\}\([[:space:]]\+.*$\)/ - 将所有内容分组到与模式匹配的最后一位数字，并保留 return 后向引用 </code>。排除模式中匹配的数字，并再次将 space 和 return 与 back-reference <code>
$ cat file1
ATOM 1 N MET A 1 -37.809 27.446 34.618 1.00 43.34 N
ATOM 2 CA MET A 1 -37.480 26.307 33.746 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 3 C MET A 1 -36.495 25.493 34.556 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 4 CB MET A 1 -36.919 26.801 32.394 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 5 O MET A 1 -35.346 25.898 34.661 1.00 43.34 O
ATOM 6 CG MET A 1 -36.980 25.729 31.301 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 7 SD MET A 1 -35.977 26.080 29.826 1.00 43.34 S
ATOM 8 CE MET A 1 -36.833 27.479 29.055 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 9 N GLU A 2 -36.991 24.516 35.314 1.00 37.48 N
ATOM 10 CA GLU A 2 -36.090 23.617 36.039 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 11 C GLU A 2 -35.250 22.852 35.010 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 12 CB GLU A 2 -36.860 22.659 36.957 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 13 O GLU A 2 -35.776 22.534 33.938 1.00 37.48 O
ATOM 14 CG GLU A 2 -37.467 23.407 38.153 1.00 37.48 C
ATOM 981 N CYS A 123 -15.659 -7.164 13.998 1.00 90.53 N
ATOM 982 CA CYS A 123 -16.801 -7.332 13.106 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 983 C CYS A 123 -17.894 -8.234 13.699 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 984 CB CYS A 123 -16.321 -7.886 11.757 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 985 O CYS A 123 -18.918 -8.425 13.046 1.00 90.53 O
ATOM 986 SG CYS A 123 -15.266 -6.683 10.904 1.00 90.53 S
ATOM 987 N GLY A 124 -17.679 -8.840 14.874 1.00 90.37 N
ATOM 988 CA GLY A 124 -18.641 -9.764 15.474 1.00 90.37 C
ATOM 989 C GLY A 124 -18.851 -11.029 14.637 1.00 90.37 C
ATOM 990 O GLY A 124 -19.970 -11.514 14.513 1.00 90.37 O
ATOM 991 N SER A 125 -17.793 -11.536 13.996 1.00 92.09 N
ATOM 992 CA SER A 125 -17.837 -12.749 13.159 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 993 C SER A 125 -17.220 -13.976 13.833 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 994 CB SER A 125 -17.117 -12.481 11.840 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 995 O SER A 125 -17.538 -15.108 13.459 1.00 92.09 O
ATOM 996 OG SER A 125 -17.831 -11.523 11.084 1.00 92.09 O
$ while read -r line; do sed -i.bak "/$line/s/\(.*\)[0-9]\{2\}\.[0-9]\{2\}\([[:space:]]\+.*$\)/0.00/" file1; done < file2
$ cat file1
ATOM 1 N MET A 1 -37.809 27.446 34.618 1.00 43.34 N
ATOM 2 CA MET A 1 -37.480 26.307 33.746 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 3 C MET A 1 -36.495 25.493 34.556 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 4 CB MET A 1 -36.919 26.801 32.394 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 5 O MET A 1 -35.346 25.898 34.661 1.00 43.34 O
ATOM 6 CG MET A 1 -36.980 25.729 31.301 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 7 SD MET A 1 -35.977 26.080 29.826 1.00 43.34 S
ATOM 8 CE MET A 1 -36.833 27.479 29.055 1.00 43.34 C
ATOM 9 N GLU A 2 -36.991 24.516 35.314 1.00 00.00 N
ATOM 10 CA GLU A 2 -36.090 23.617 36.039 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 11 C GLU A 2 -35.250 22.852 35.010 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 12 CB GLU A 2 -36.860 22.659 36.957 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 13 O GLU A 2 -35.776 22.534 33.938 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 14 CG GLU A 2 -37.467 23.407 38.153 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 981 N CYS A 123 -15.659 -7.164 13.998 1.00 90.53 N
ATOM 982 CA CYS A 123 -16.801 -7.332 13.106 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 983 C CYS A 123 -17.894 -8.234 13.699 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 984 CB CYS A 123 -16.321 -7.886 11.757 1.00 90.53 C
ATOM 985 O CYS A 123 -18.918 -8.425 13.046 1.00 90.53 O
ATOM 986 SG CYS A 123 -15.266 -6.683 10.904 1.00 90.53 S
ATOM 987 N GLY A 124 -17.679 -8.840 14.874 1.00 00.00 N
ATOM 988 CA GLY A 124 -18.641 -9.764 15.474 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 989 C GLY A 124 -18.851 -11.029 14.637 1.00 00.00 C
ATOM 990 O GLY A 124 -19.970 -11.514 14.513 1.00 00.00 O
ATOM 991 N SER A 125 -17.793 -11.536 13.996 1.00 92.09 N
ATOM 992 CA SER A 125 -17.837 -12.749 13.159 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 993 C SER A 125 -17.220 -13.976 13.833 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 994 CB SER A 125 -17.117 -12.481 11.840 1.00 92.09 C
ATOM 995 O SER A 125 -17.538 -15.108 13.459 1.00 92.09 O
ATOM 996 OG SER A 125 -17.831 -11.523 11.084 1.00 92.09 O