处理 Django 表单
Processing a Django form
我在学习 Django 和改编来自各种在线课程和示例的代码时遇到了使用 Django 表单的问题。因此，代码可能会“混乱”——但如果我能让它按我需要的方式工作，我以后可以改进我的编码风格。
我希望显示包含表单的模板。模板中呈现的页面中显示的部分数据是从一个table/model,polls_CC_Questions中读取的，我希望将页面中输入的数据写到一个相关的table,[=51]中=].
使用的模型是：
class CC_Questions(models.Model):
q_text = models.CharField('Question text', max_length=200)
C1_Type = models.CharField('Choice 1 Type', max_length=2)
Choice1_text = models.CharField('Choice 1 text', max_length=100)
C2_Type = models.CharField('Choice 2 Type', max_length=2)
Choice2_text = models.CharField('Choice 2 text', max_length=100)
#
def __str__(self):
return self.q_text[:20]
class CC_Resp_NoFK(models.Model):
Person_ID = models.IntegerField()
Test_date = models.DateTimeField('date test taken')
Q_ID = models.IntegerField()
Response_value = models.IntegerField(default=0,
validators=[MaxValueValidator(100), MinValueValidator(-100)])
#
def __str__(self):
return self.Person_ID
现在输入url可以显示包含有效数据的模板：
http://localhost:8000/polls/p2vote/4/
这是在 urls.py
中处理的
app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
…..
……
# ex: /polls/p2vote/<q_id>
path('p2vote/<int:q_id>/', p2_views.p2vote, name='p2vote'),
…..
使用的views.py条目：
def p2vote(request,q_id):
#next line has been copied from CC_quest view to GET Question data
CC_question = get_object_or_404(CC_Questions, pk=q_id)
#
if request.method == 'POST':
form = VoteForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('/polls/p2')
else:
formV = VoteForm()
#context = {'form' : formV}
return render(request, 'pollapp2/vote.html', {'var_name':CC_question,'form' : VoteForm()})
在forms.py
class VoteForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = CC_Resp_NoFK
fields = ['Person_ID', 'Test_date', 'Q_ID','Response_value']
模板已启动，使用来自 polls_CC_Questions model/table 的数据创建输入字段的标签。这很好用，所以我显示的页面
http://localhost:8000/polls/p2vote/5/
显示来自CC_Questionstable的数据，“变量varname中携带的”是什么题及其选择。例如模板显示的内容为{{ var_name.q_text }}和{{ var_name.Choice1_text }}，见下
此外，显示的包含 ModelForm 的页面可以正确显示标签。使用的模板：
<!-- vote.html based on create.html -->
<!-- 2022-02-17
Change text on page
Extracted data from CC_Question record passed as varname
-->
{% extends "pollapp2/base.html" %}
<!-- load widget tools to give me more control over layout of form in template -->
{% load widget_tweaks %}
<!-- block Title is the name in the tab -->
{% block title %}Vote on Question{% endblock %}
{% block main %}
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-2">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">Select one from two choices</h3>
</div>
<form method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="panel-body">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="question">Question to answer</label>
{{ var_name.q_text }}
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-5">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="Choice1_text ">Choice 1</label>
{{ var_name.Choice1_text }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-5">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="option2">Choice 2</label>
{{ var_name.Choice2_text }}
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Attempt at Input fields follow -->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="Person_id">Person ID</label>
{% render_field form.Person_ID rows="1" class="form-control" %}<br>
<label for="Test_date">Test Date</label>
{% render_field form.Test_date rows="1" class="form-control" %}<br>
<label for="Q_ID">Question ID</label>
{% render_field form.Q_ID rows="1" class="form-control" %} <br>
<label for="Response_value">Response value</label>
{% render_field form.Response_value rows="1" class="form-control" %}
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<hr />
<div class="col-lg-4">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-info">Submit</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
总结一下。当在浏览器中输入 url : http://localhost:8000/polls/p2vote/X/ 并且“X”是问题的 id 时，在显示页面的意义上，上述所有“有效”，从模型中提取数据：CC_questions。此外，页面上还有由表单 VoteForm 创建的输入框，允许将数据输入 table/model CC_Resp_noFK。
但是，我想要做的不是提供 Q_ID 作为页面中的输入字段，而是用变量 {{ var_name.id }} 中的值填充它。我不知道是否需要以某种方式修改 vote.html 模板，尤其是行：
<label for="Q_ID">Question ID</label>
{% render_field form.Q_ID rows="1" class="form-control" %} << change this ??
或视图，在 form.save() 附近的某处 ??
def p2vote(request,q_id):
#next line has been copied from CC_quest view to get Question data
CC_question = get_object_or_404(CC_Questions, pk=q_id)
#
if request.method == 'POST':
form = VoteForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save() << Somewhere around here ??
return redirect('/polls/p2')
else:
formV = VoteForm()
#context = {'form' : formV}
# return render(request, 'pollapp2/vote.html', context)
# following return tries to send question record into vote.html template
return render(request, 'pollapp2/vote.html', {'var_name':CC_question,'form' : VoteForm()})
第 1 步：从 VoteForm 中删除 Q_ID。
class VoteForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = CC_Resp_NoFK
fields = ['Person_ID', 'Test_date', 'Response_value']
第 2 步：在检查表单是否有效之后和保存对象之前添加 Q_ID。
def p2vote(request,q_id):
#next line has been copied from CC_quest view to get Question data
CC_question = get_object_or_404(CC_Questions, pk=q_id)
if request.method == 'POST':
form = VoteForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
item = form.save(commit=False)
item.Q_ID = q_id
item.save()
return redirect('/polls/p2')
我在学习 Django 和改编来自各种在线课程和示例的代码时遇到了使用 Django 表单的问题。因此，代码可能会“混乱”——但如果我能让它按我需要的方式工作，我以后可以改进我的编码风格。
我希望显示包含表单的模板。模板中呈现的页面中显示的部分数据是从一个table/model,polls_CC_Questions中读取的，我希望将页面中输入的数据写到一个相关的table,[=51]中=].
使用的模型是：
class CC_Questions(models.Model):
q_text = models.CharField('Question text', max_length=200)
C1_Type = models.CharField('Choice 1 Type', max_length=2)
Choice1_text = models.CharField('Choice 1 text', max_length=100)
C2_Type = models.CharField('Choice 2 Type', max_length=2)
Choice2_text = models.CharField('Choice 2 text', max_length=100)
#
def __str__(self):
return self.q_text[:20]
class CC_Resp_NoFK(models.Model):
Person_ID = models.IntegerField()
Test_date = models.DateTimeField('date test taken')
Q_ID = models.IntegerField()
Response_value = models.IntegerField(default=0,
validators=[MaxValueValidator(100), MinValueValidator(-100)])
#
def __str__(self):
return self.Person_ID
现在输入url可以显示包含有效数据的模板： http://localhost:8000/polls/p2vote/4/ 这是在 urls.py
中处理的app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
…..
……
# ex: /polls/p2vote/<q_id>
path('p2vote/<int:q_id>/', p2_views.p2vote, name='p2vote'),
…..
使用的views.py条目：
def p2vote(request,q_id):
#next line has been copied from CC_quest view to GET Question data
CC_question = get_object_or_404(CC_Questions, pk=q_id)
#
if request.method == 'POST':
form = VoteForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('/polls/p2')
else:
formV = VoteForm()
#context = {'form' : formV}
return render(request, 'pollapp2/vote.html', {'var_name':CC_question,'form' : VoteForm()})
在forms.py
class VoteForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = CC_Resp_NoFK
fields = ['Person_ID', 'Test_date', 'Q_ID','Response_value']
模板已启动，使用来自 polls_CC_Questions model/table 的数据创建输入字段的标签。这很好用，所以我显示的页面 http://localhost:8000/polls/p2vote/5/ 显示来自CC_Questionstable的数据，“变量varname中携带的”是什么题及其选择。例如模板显示的内容为{{ var_name.q_text }}和{{ var_name.Choice1_text }}，见下
此外，显示的包含 ModelForm 的页面可以正确显示标签。使用的模板：
<!-- vote.html based on create.html -->
<!-- 2022-02-17
Change text on page
Extracted data from CC_Question record passed as varname
-->
{% extends "pollapp2/base.html" %}
<!-- load widget tools to give me more control over layout of form in template -->
{% load widget_tweaks %}
<!-- block Title is the name in the tab -->
{% block title %}Vote on Question{% endblock %}
{% block main %}
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-2">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">Select one from two choices</h3>
</div>
<form method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="panel-body">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="question">Question to answer</label>
{{ var_name.q_text }}
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-5">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="Choice1_text ">Choice 1</label>
{{ var_name.Choice1_text }}
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-5">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="option2">Choice 2</label>
{{ var_name.Choice2_text }}
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Attempt at Input fields follow -->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="Person_id">Person ID</label>
{% render_field form.Person_ID rows="1" class="form-control" %}<br>
<label for="Test_date">Test Date</label>
{% render_field form.Test_date rows="1" class="form-control" %}<br>
<label for="Q_ID">Question ID</label>
{% render_field form.Q_ID rows="1" class="form-control" %} <br>
<label for="Response_value">Response value</label>
{% render_field form.Response_value rows="1" class="form-control" %}
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<hr />
<div class="col-lg-4">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-info">Submit</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
总结一下。当在浏览器中输入 url : http://localhost:8000/polls/p2vote/X/ 并且“X”是问题的 id 时，在显示页面的意义上，上述所有“有效”，从模型中提取数据：CC_questions。此外，页面上还有由表单 VoteForm 创建的输入框，允许将数据输入 table/model CC_Resp_noFK。 但是，我想要做的不是提供 Q_ID 作为页面中的输入字段，而是用变量 {{ var_name.id }} 中的值填充它。我不知道是否需要以某种方式修改 vote.html 模板，尤其是行：
<label for="Q_ID">Question ID</label>
{% render_field form.Q_ID rows="1" class="form-control" %} << change this ??
或视图，在 form.save() 附近的某处 ??
def p2vote(request,q_id):
#next line has been copied from CC_quest view to get Question data
CC_question = get_object_or_404(CC_Questions, pk=q_id)
#
if request.method == 'POST':
form = VoteForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save() << Somewhere around here ??
return redirect('/polls/p2')
else:
formV = VoteForm()
#context = {'form' : formV}
# return render(request, 'pollapp2/vote.html', context)
# following return tries to send question record into vote.html template
return render(request, 'pollapp2/vote.html', {'var_name':CC_question,'form' : VoteForm()})
第 1 步：从 VoteForm 中删除 Q_ID。
class VoteForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = CC_Resp_NoFK
fields = ['Person_ID', 'Test_date', 'Response_value']
第 2 步：在检查表单是否有效之后和保存对象之前添加 Q_ID。
def p2vote(request,q_id):
#next line has been copied from CC_quest view to get Question data
CC_question = get_object_or_404(CC_Questions, pk=q_id)
if request.method == 'POST':
form = VoteForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
item = form.save(commit=False)
item.Q_ID = q_id
item.save()
return redirect('/polls/p2')