Django - store.models.Customer.MultipleObjectsReturned: get() 返回了多个客户 -- 它返回了 2"
Django - store.models.Customer.MultipleObjectsReturned: get() returned more than one Customer -- it returned 2"
我正在尝试制作一个电子商务网站，“匿名用户”或来宾用户可以通过提供他们的姓名、电子邮件和地址来订购和结帐产品。但是在点击“付款”按钮后，我的终端出现错误，显示“store.models.Customer.MultipleObjectsReturned：get() 返回了不止一个客户——它返回了 2 个！”
当我尝试登录并为经过身份验证的用户执行该过程时，没有出现错误。它恰好发生在匿名用户身上。
这是我的 checkout.html:
{% extends 'store/main.html' %}
{% load static %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6">
<div class="box-element" id="form-wrapper">
<form id="form">
<div id="user-info">
<div class="form-field">
<input required class="form-control" type="text" name="name" placeholder="Name..">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<input required class="form-control" type="email" name="email" placeholder="Email..">
</div>
</div>
<div id="shipping-info">
<hr>
<p>Shipping Information:</p>
<hr>
<div class="form-field">
<input class="form-control" type="text" name="address" placeholder="Address..">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<input class="form-control" type="text" name="city" placeholder="City..">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<input class="form-control" type="text" name="state" placeholder="State..">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<input class="form-control" type="text" name="zip" placeholder="zip code..">
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<input id="form-button" class="btn btn-success btn-block" type="submit" value="Continue">
</form>
</div>
<br>
<div class="box-element hidden" id="payment-info">
<small>Paypal Options</small>
<button id="make-payment">Make Payment</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6">
<div class="box-element">
<a class="btn btn-outline-dark" href="{% url 'cart' %}">← Back to Cart</a>
<hr>
<h3>Order Summary</h3>
<hr>
{% for item in items %}
<div class="cart-row">
<div style="flex:2"><img class="row-image" src="{{item.product.imageURL}}"></div>
<div style="flex:2"><p>{{item.product.name}}</p></div>
<div style="flex:1"><p>₱{{item.product.price|floatformat:2}}</p></div>
<div style="flex:1"><p>x{{item.quantity}}</p></div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<h5>Items: {{order.get_cart_items}}</h5>
<h5>Total: ₱{{order.get_cart_total|floatformat:2}}</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var shipping = '{{order.shipping}}'
var user = '{{request.user.is_authenticated}}'
var total = '{{order.get_cart_total|floatformat:2}}'
if(shipping == 'False'){
document.getElementById('shipping-info').innerHTML = ''
}
if (user == "True"){
document.getElementById('user-info').innerHTML = ''
}
if (shipping == 'False' && user == "True"){
//Hide entire form if user is logged in and shipping is false
document.getElementById('form-wrapper').classList.add('hidden');
//Show payment if logged in user wants to buy an item that does not require shipping
document.getElementById('payment-info').classList.remove('hidden');
}
var form = document.getElementById('form')
form.addEventListener('submit', function(e){
e.preventDefault()
console.log('Form Submitted...')
document.getElementById('form-button').classList.add("hidden");
document.getElementById('payment-info').classList.remove("hidden");
})
document.getElementById('make-payment').addEventListener('click', function(e){
submitFormData()
})
function submitFormData(){
console.log('Payment button clicked')
var userFormData = {
'name':null,
'email':null,
'total':total,
}
var shippingInfo = {
'address':null,
'city':null,
'state':null,
'zip':null,
}
if (shipping != 'False'){
shippingInfo.address = form.address.value
shippingInfo.city = form.city.value
shippingInfo.state = form.state.value
shippingInfo.zip = form.zip.value
}
if (user == 'False'){
userFormData.name = form.name.value
userFormData.email = form.email.value
}
var url = '/process_order/'
fetch(url,{
method:'POST',
headers:{
'Content-Type':'application/json',
'X-CSRFToken':csrftoken,
},
body:JSON.stringify({'form':userFormData, 'shipping':shippingInfo})
})
.then((response) => response.json())
.then((data) => {
console.log('Success:', data);
alert('Transaction Completed');
cart ={}
document.cookie = 'cart=' + JSON.stringify(cart) + ";domain=;path=/"
window.location.href = "{% url 'store' %}"
})
}
</script>
{% endblock content %}
这是我的 models.py:
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your models here.
class Customer(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True)
email = models.CharField(max_length=200)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Product(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=9, decimal_places=2)
digital = models.BooleanField(default=False, null=True, blank=True)
image = models.ImageField(null=True, blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
@property
def imageURL(self):
try:
url = self.image.url
except:
url = ''
return url
class Order(models.Model):
customer = models.ForeignKey(Customer, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)
date_ordered = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
complete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
transaction_id = models.CharField(max_length=20, null=True)
def __str__(self):
return str(self.id)
@property
def shipping(self):
shipping = False
orderitems = self.orderitem_set.all()
for i in orderitems:
if i.product.digital == False:
shipping = True
return shipping
@property
def get_cart_total(self):
orderitems = self.orderitem_set.all()
total = sum([item.get_total for item in orderitems])
return total
@property
def get_cart_items(self):
orderitems = self.orderitem_set.all()
total = sum([item.quantity for item in orderitems])
return total
class OrderItem(models.Model):
product = models.ForeignKey(Product, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
order = models.ForeignKey(Order, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
quantity = models.IntegerField(default=0, null=True, blank=True)
date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
@property
def get_total(self):
total = self.product.price * self.quantity
return total
class ShippingAddress(models.Model):
customer = models.ForeignKey(Customer, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
order = models.ForeignKey(Order, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
address = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=False)
city = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=False)
state = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=False)
zip = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=False)
date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.address
这是我的 views.py:
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import *
import json
import datetime
from .utils import cookieCart, cartData, guestOrder
def store(request):
data = cartData(request)
cartItems = data['cartItems']
products = Product.objects.all()
context = {'products':products, 'cartItems': cartItems}
return render(request, 'store/store.html', context)
def cart(request):
data = cartData(request)
cartItems = data['cartItems']
order = data['order']
items = data['items']
context = {'items':items, 'order':order, 'cartItems': cartItems}
return render(request, 'store/cart.html', context)
def checkout(request):
data = cartData(request)
cartItems = data['cartItems']
order = data['order']
items = data['items']
context = {'items':items, 'order':order, 'cartItems': cartItems}
return render(request, 'store/checkout.html', context)
def updateItem(request):
data = json.loads(request.body)
productId = data['productId']
action = data['action']
print('Action:', action)
print('Product:', productId)
customer = request.user.customer
product = Product.objects.get(id=productId)
order, created = Order.objects.get_or_create(customer=customer, complete=False)
orderItem, created = OrderItem.objects.get_or_create(order=order, product=product)
if action == 'add':
orderItem.quantity = (orderItem.quantity + 1)
elif action == 'remove':
orderItem.quantity = (orderItem.quantity - 1)
orderItem.save()
if orderItem.quantity <= 0:
orderItem.delete()
return JsonResponse('Item was added', safe=False)
def processOrder(request):
transaction_id = datetime.datetime.now().timestamp()
data = json.loads(request.body)
if request.user.is_authenticated:
customer = request.user.customer
order, created = Order.objects.get_or_create(customer=customer, complete=False)
else:
customer, order = guestOrder(request, data)
total = float(data['form']['total'])
order.transaction_id = transaction_id
if total == order.get_cart_total:
order.complete = True
order.save()
if order.shipping == True:
ShippingAddress.objects.create(
customer=customer,
order=order,
address=data['shipping']['address'],
city=data['shipping']['city'],
state=data['shipping']['state'],
zip=data['shipping']['zip'],
)
return JsonResponse('Payment complete!', safe=False)
这是我的 utils.py:
import json
from .models import *
def cookieCart(request):
try:
cart = json.loads(request.COOKIES['cart'])
except:
cart = {}
print('Cart:', cart)
items = []
order = {'get_cart_total':0, 'get_cart_items':0, 'shipping': False}
cartItems = order['get_cart_items']
for i in cart:
try:
cartItems += cart[i]["quantity"]
product = Product.objects.get(id=i)
total = (product.price * cart[i]['quantity'])
order['get_cart_total'] += total
order['get_cart_items'] += cart[i]['quantity']
item = {
'product':{
'id':product.id,
'name':product.name,
'price':product.price,
'imageURL':product.imageURL,
},
'quantity': cart[i]['quantity'],
'get_total': total,
}
items.append(item)
if product.digital == False:
order['shipping'] = True
except:
pass
return {'cartItems': cartItems, 'order': order, 'items': items}
def cartData(request):
if request.user.is_authenticated:
customer = request.user.customer
order, created = Order.objects.get_or_create(customer=customer, complete=False)
items = order.orderitem_set.all()
cartItems = order.get_cart_items
else:
cookieData = cookieCart(request)
cartItems = cookieData['cartItems']
order = cookieData['order']
items = cookieData['items']
return {'cartItems': cartItems, 'order': order, 'items': items}
def guestOrder(request, data):
print('User is not logged in...')
print('COOKIES:', request.COOKIES)
name = data['form']['name']
email = data['form']['email']
cookieData = cookieCart(request)
items = cookieData['items']
customer, created = Customer.objects.get_or_create(
email=email,
)
customer.name = name
customer.save()
order = Order.objects.create(
customer=customer,
complete=False,
)
for item in items:
product=Product.objects.get(id=item['product']['id'])
orderItem = OrderItem.objects.create(
product=product,
order=order,
quantity=item['quantity']
)
return customer, order
我怎样才能摆脱这个错误，让来宾用户在不需要创建帐户或登录的情况下结帐？
已编辑：
当我检查我在管理站点结帐时输入的所有信息时，我遇到了一个错误，提示“str 返回了非字符串（类型 NoneType）”。 =17=]
这是问题所在：
TypeError at /admin/store/customer/3/change/
__str__ returned non-string (type NoneType)
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/store/customer/3/change/
Django Version: 4.0.2
Exception Type: TypeError
Exception Value:
__str__ returned non-string (type NoneType)
Exception Location: C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py, line 1645, in _changeform_view
Python Executable: C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\Scripts\python.exe
Python Version: 3.10.2
Python Path:
['C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\WannaCome',
'C:\Program Files\Python310\python310.zip',
'C:\Program Files\Python310\DLLs',
'C:\Program Files\Python310\lib',
'C:\Program Files\Python310',
'C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env',
'C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages']
Server time: Sat, 26 Feb 2022 19:59:54 +0000
这是我终端中的回溯：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 47, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 181, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 622, in wrapper
return self.admin_site.admin_view(view)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py", line 130, in _wrapped_view
response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\cache.py", line 57, in _wrapped_view_func
response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\sites.py", line 236, in inner
return view(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 1673, in change_view
return self.changeform_view(request, object_id, form_url, extra_context)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py", line 43, in _wrapper
return bound_method(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py", line 130, in _wrapped_view
response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 1549, in changeform_view
return self._changeform_view(request, object_id, form_url, extra_context)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 1645, in _changeform_view
'subtitle': str(obj) if obj else None,
TypeError: __str__ returned non-string (type NoneType)
在这里您正在为 AnonymousUser 创建 Customer 对象（只是没有记录 User）。
customer, created = Customer.objects.get_or_create(
email=email,
)
如果您多次使用同一电子邮件，我认为它可能会找到更多。
我正在尝试制作一个电子商务网站，“匿名用户”或来宾用户可以通过提供他们的姓名、电子邮件和地址来订购和结帐产品。但是在点击“付款”按钮后，我的终端出现错误，显示“store.models.Customer.MultipleObjectsReturned：get() 返回了不止一个客户——它返回了 2 个！”
当我尝试登录并为经过身份验证的用户执行该过程时，没有出现错误。它恰好发生在匿名用户身上。
这是我的 checkout.html:
{% extends 'store/main.html' %}
{% load static %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6">
<div class="box-element" id="form-wrapper">
<form id="form">
<div id="user-info">
<div class="form-field">
<input required class="form-control" type="text" name="name" placeholder="Name..">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<input required class="form-control" type="email" name="email" placeholder="Email..">
</div>
</div>
<div id="shipping-info">
<hr>
<p>Shipping Information:</p>
<hr>
<div class="form-field">
<input class="form-control" type="text" name="address" placeholder="Address..">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<input class="form-control" type="text" name="city" placeholder="City..">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<input class="form-control" type="text" name="state" placeholder="State..">
</div>
<div class="form-field">
<input class="form-control" type="text" name="zip" placeholder="zip code..">
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<input id="form-button" class="btn btn-success btn-block" type="submit" value="Continue">
</form>
</div>
<br>
<div class="box-element hidden" id="payment-info">
<small>Paypal Options</small>
<button id="make-payment">Make Payment</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6">
<div class="box-element">
<a class="btn btn-outline-dark" href="{% url 'cart' %}">← Back to Cart</a>
<hr>
<h3>Order Summary</h3>
<hr>
{% for item in items %}
<div class="cart-row">
<div style="flex:2"><img class="row-image" src="{{item.product.imageURL}}"></div>
<div style="flex:2"><p>{{item.product.name}}</p></div>
<div style="flex:1"><p>₱{{item.product.price|floatformat:2}}</p></div>
<div style="flex:1"><p>x{{item.quantity}}</p></div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<h5>Items: {{order.get_cart_items}}</h5>
<h5>Total: ₱{{order.get_cart_total|floatformat:2}}</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var shipping = '{{order.shipping}}'
var user = '{{request.user.is_authenticated}}'
var total = '{{order.get_cart_total|floatformat:2}}'
if(shipping == 'False'){
document.getElementById('shipping-info').innerHTML = ''
}
if (user == "True"){
document.getElementById('user-info').innerHTML = ''
}
if (shipping == 'False' && user == "True"){
//Hide entire form if user is logged in and shipping is false
document.getElementById('form-wrapper').classList.add('hidden');
//Show payment if logged in user wants to buy an item that does not require shipping
document.getElementById('payment-info').classList.remove('hidden');
}
var form = document.getElementById('form')
form.addEventListener('submit', function(e){
e.preventDefault()
console.log('Form Submitted...')
document.getElementById('form-button').classList.add("hidden");
document.getElementById('payment-info').classList.remove("hidden");
})
document.getElementById('make-payment').addEventListener('click', function(e){
submitFormData()
})
function submitFormData(){
console.log('Payment button clicked')
var userFormData = {
'name':null,
'email':null,
'total':total,
}
var shippingInfo = {
'address':null,
'city':null,
'state':null,
'zip':null,
}
if (shipping != 'False'){
shippingInfo.address = form.address.value
shippingInfo.city = form.city.value
shippingInfo.state = form.state.value
shippingInfo.zip = form.zip.value
}
if (user == 'False'){
userFormData.name = form.name.value
userFormData.email = form.email.value
}
var url = '/process_order/'
fetch(url,{
method:'POST',
headers:{
'Content-Type':'application/json',
'X-CSRFToken':csrftoken,
},
body:JSON.stringify({'form':userFormData, 'shipping':shippingInfo})
})
.then((response) => response.json())
.then((data) => {
console.log('Success:', data);
alert('Transaction Completed');
cart ={}
document.cookie = 'cart=' + JSON.stringify(cart) + ";domain=;path=/"
window.location.href = "{% url 'store' %}"
})
}
</script>
{% endblock content %}
这是我的 models.py:
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your models here.
class Customer(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True)
email = models.CharField(max_length=200)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Product(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=9, decimal_places=2)
digital = models.BooleanField(default=False, null=True, blank=True)
image = models.ImageField(null=True, blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
@property
def imageURL(self):
try:
url = self.image.url
except:
url = ''
return url
class Order(models.Model):
customer = models.ForeignKey(Customer, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)
date_ordered = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
complete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
transaction_id = models.CharField(max_length=20, null=True)
def __str__(self):
return str(self.id)
@property
def shipping(self):
shipping = False
orderitems = self.orderitem_set.all()
for i in orderitems:
if i.product.digital == False:
shipping = True
return shipping
@property
def get_cart_total(self):
orderitems = self.orderitem_set.all()
total = sum([item.get_total for item in orderitems])
return total
@property
def get_cart_items(self):
orderitems = self.orderitem_set.all()
total = sum([item.quantity for item in orderitems])
return total
class OrderItem(models.Model):
product = models.ForeignKey(Product, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
order = models.ForeignKey(Order, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
quantity = models.IntegerField(default=0, null=True, blank=True)
date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
@property
def get_total(self):
total = self.product.price * self.quantity
return total
class ShippingAddress(models.Model):
customer = models.ForeignKey(Customer, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
order = models.ForeignKey(Order, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True)
address = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=False)
city = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=False)
state = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=False)
zip = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=False)
date_added = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.address
这是我的 views.py:
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import *
import json
import datetime
from .utils import cookieCart, cartData, guestOrder
def store(request):
data = cartData(request)
cartItems = data['cartItems']
products = Product.objects.all()
context = {'products':products, 'cartItems': cartItems}
return render(request, 'store/store.html', context)
def cart(request):
data = cartData(request)
cartItems = data['cartItems']
order = data['order']
items = data['items']
context = {'items':items, 'order':order, 'cartItems': cartItems}
return render(request, 'store/cart.html', context)
def checkout(request):
data = cartData(request)
cartItems = data['cartItems']
order = data['order']
items = data['items']
context = {'items':items, 'order':order, 'cartItems': cartItems}
return render(request, 'store/checkout.html', context)
def updateItem(request):
data = json.loads(request.body)
productId = data['productId']
action = data['action']
print('Action:', action)
print('Product:', productId)
customer = request.user.customer
product = Product.objects.get(id=productId)
order, created = Order.objects.get_or_create(customer=customer, complete=False)
orderItem, created = OrderItem.objects.get_or_create(order=order, product=product)
if action == 'add':
orderItem.quantity = (orderItem.quantity + 1)
elif action == 'remove':
orderItem.quantity = (orderItem.quantity - 1)
orderItem.save()
if orderItem.quantity <= 0:
orderItem.delete()
return JsonResponse('Item was added', safe=False)
def processOrder(request):
transaction_id = datetime.datetime.now().timestamp()
data = json.loads(request.body)
if request.user.is_authenticated:
customer = request.user.customer
order, created = Order.objects.get_or_create(customer=customer, complete=False)
else:
customer, order = guestOrder(request, data)
total = float(data['form']['total'])
order.transaction_id = transaction_id
if total == order.get_cart_total:
order.complete = True
order.save()
if order.shipping == True:
ShippingAddress.objects.create(
customer=customer,
order=order,
address=data['shipping']['address'],
city=data['shipping']['city'],
state=data['shipping']['state'],
zip=data['shipping']['zip'],
)
return JsonResponse('Payment complete!', safe=False)
这是我的 utils.py:
import json
from .models import *
def cookieCart(request):
try:
cart = json.loads(request.COOKIES['cart'])
except:
cart = {}
print('Cart:', cart)
items = []
order = {'get_cart_total':0, 'get_cart_items':0, 'shipping': False}
cartItems = order['get_cart_items']
for i in cart:
try:
cartItems += cart[i]["quantity"]
product = Product.objects.get(id=i)
total = (product.price * cart[i]['quantity'])
order['get_cart_total'] += total
order['get_cart_items'] += cart[i]['quantity']
item = {
'product':{
'id':product.id,
'name':product.name,
'price':product.price,
'imageURL':product.imageURL,
},
'quantity': cart[i]['quantity'],
'get_total': total,
}
items.append(item)
if product.digital == False:
order['shipping'] = True
except:
pass
return {'cartItems': cartItems, 'order': order, 'items': items}
def cartData(request):
if request.user.is_authenticated:
customer = request.user.customer
order, created = Order.objects.get_or_create(customer=customer, complete=False)
items = order.orderitem_set.all()
cartItems = order.get_cart_items
else:
cookieData = cookieCart(request)
cartItems = cookieData['cartItems']
order = cookieData['order']
items = cookieData['items']
return {'cartItems': cartItems, 'order': order, 'items': items}
def guestOrder(request, data):
print('User is not logged in...')
print('COOKIES:', request.COOKIES)
name = data['form']['name']
email = data['form']['email']
cookieData = cookieCart(request)
items = cookieData['items']
customer, created = Customer.objects.get_or_create(
email=email,
)
customer.name = name
customer.save()
order = Order.objects.create(
customer=customer,
complete=False,
)
for item in items:
product=Product.objects.get(id=item['product']['id'])
orderItem = OrderItem.objects.create(
product=product,
order=order,
quantity=item['quantity']
)
return customer, order
我怎样才能摆脱这个错误，让来宾用户在不需要创建帐户或登录的情况下结帐？
已编辑：
当我检查我在管理站点结帐时输入的所有信息时，我遇到了一个错误，提示“str 返回了非字符串（类型 NoneType）”。 =17=]
这是问题所在：
TypeError at /admin/store/customer/3/change/
__str__ returned non-string (type NoneType)
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/store/customer/3/change/
Django Version: 4.0.2
Exception Type: TypeError
Exception Value:
__str__ returned non-string (type NoneType)
Exception Location: C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py, line 1645, in _changeform_view
Python Executable: C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\Scripts\python.exe
Python Version: 3.10.2
Python Path:
['C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\WannaCome',
'C:\Program Files\Python310\python310.zip',
'C:\Program Files\Python310\DLLs',
'C:\Program Files\Python310\lib',
'C:\Program Files\Python310',
'C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env',
'C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages']
Server time: Sat, 26 Feb 2022 19:59:54 +0000
这是我终端中的回溯：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 47, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 181, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 622, in wrapper
return self.admin_site.admin_view(view)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py", line 130, in _wrapped_view
response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\cache.py", line 57, in _wrapped_view_func
response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\sites.py", line 236, in inner
return view(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 1673, in change_view
return self.changeform_view(request, object_id, form_url, extra_context)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py", line 43, in _wrapper
return bound_method(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py", line 130, in _wrapped_view
response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 1549, in changeform_view
return self._changeform_view(request, object_id, form_url, extra_context)
File "C:\Users\RolfShin025\Desktop\E-COMMERCE\env\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 1645, in _changeform_view
'subtitle': str(obj) if obj else None,
TypeError: __str__ returned non-string (type NoneType)
在这里您正在为 AnonymousUser 创建 Customer 对象（只是没有记录 User）。
customer, created = Customer.objects.get_or_create(
email=email,
)
如果您多次使用同一电子邮件，我认为它可能会找到更多。