无法从 API 检索图像 - SSL 证书错误

Question

我正在尝试从 Nasa 的 APOD API 获取图像并将其保存到我的计算机，但是在发送请求时，我收到 SSL 证书错误。我不确定如何解决它，因为我以前从未处理过这个问题。

这是我得到的：

raise SSLError(e)
requests.exceptions.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: certificate has expired (_ssl.c:1124)

这是我的代码：

import nasapy
import os
from datetime import datetime
import urllib.request
from IPython.display import Image,display,Audio
import ssl

def nasa_apod(ctx):
    key = "#####################"
    nasa = nasapy.Nasa(key=key)

    dtm = datetime.today().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
    apod = nasa.picture_of_the_day(date=dtm, hd=True)

    print(apod)
    if apod["media_type"] == "image":
        title = dtm + "_" + apod["title"].replace(" ", "_").replace(":", "_") + ".jpg"
        image_dir = "Astro_images"

        dir_res = os.path.exists(image_dir)

        if dir_res == False:
            os.makedirs(image_dir)
        else:
            print("Directory already exists! ")

    filename =os.path.join(image_dir, title)
    with urllib.request.urlopen(url=apod["hdurl"], context=ctx) as u, \
        open(filename, 'wb') as f:
            f.write(u.read())

    if ("date" in apod.keys()):
        print("Date image released: ", apod["date"])
        print("\n")
    if ("copyright" in apod.keys()):
        print("This image is owned by: ", apod["copyright"])
        print("\n")
    if ("title" in apod.keys()):
        print("Title of the image: ", apod["title"])
        print("\n")
    if ("explanation" in apod.keys()):
        print("Description for the image: ", apod["explanation"])
        print("\n")
    if ("hdurl" in apod.keys()):
        print("URL for this image: ", apod["hdurl"])
        print("\n")

    display(Image(os.path.join(image_dir, title)))


ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
ctx.check_hostname = False
ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE

nasa_apod(ctx)

出于安全原因，我隐藏了密钥。

感谢任何帮助！

Answer 1

您需要将 urllib.request.urlretrieve 替换为 urllib.request.urlopen 并在调用 nasa_apod 方法之前确定自定义 ssl 上下文，那么您的程序应该看起来像这样：

def nasa_apod(ctx):
    key = "#####"
    nasa = nasapy.Nasa(key=key)

    dtm = datetime.today().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
    apod = nasa.picture_of_the_day(date=dtm, hd=True)

    print(apod)
    if apod["media_type"] == "image":
        title = dtm + "_" + apod["title"].replace(" ", "_").replace(":", "_") + ".jpg"
        image_dir = "Astro_images"

        dir_res = os.path.exists(image_dir)

        if dir_res == False:
            os.makedirs(image_dir)
        else:
            print("Directory already exists! ")

    filename=os.path.join(image_dir, title) 
    with urllib.request.urlopen(url=apod["hdurl"], context=ctx) as u, \
        open(file_name, 'wb') as f:
    f.write(u.read())

    if ("date" in apod.keys()):
        print("Date image released: ", apod["date"])
        print("\n")
    if ("copyright" in apod.keys()):
        print("This image is owned by: ", apod["copyright"])
        print("\n")
    if ("title" in apod.keys()):
        print("Title of the image: ", apod["title"])
        print("\n")
    if ("explanation" in apod.keys()):
        print("Description for the image: ", apod["explanation"])
        print("\n")
    if ("hdurl" in apod.keys()):
        print("URL for this image: ", apod["hdurl"])
        print("\n")

    display(Image(os.path.join(image_dir, title)))


ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
ctx.check_hostname = False
ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE

nasa_apod(ctx)

无法从 API 检索图像 - SSL 证书错误

Can't retrieve image from API - SSL certificate error

python

api

ssl

urllib