Docker python:3.9.10-slim-buster 镜像无法使用 pip 安装 backports.zoneinfo

Question

我试过容器化一个 Django 项目。我使用的是 python:alpine 图片。该应用程序需要 backports.zoneinfo 才能按要求安装。虽然运行 pip install -r requirements.txt 它在尝试安装 backports.zoneinfo.

时显示错误

requirements.txt

asgiref==3.5.0
backports.zoneinfo==0.2.1
Django==4.0.2
sqlparse==0.4.2

然后我以交互模式打开 docker 容器并尝试 pip install backports.zoneinfo。还有它显示相同的错误。

我在 python:3.9.10 图像中尝试了相同的命令。它工作正常，并且安装了软件包。使用任何纤细的高山图像都可以重现此错误。

我进行了几次修复。但它没有用。下面给出了我尝试过的一些修复方法。我在容器里试过这些。

点子升级
pip 升级轮
apt/apk 安装 gcc
apt/apk 安装 gzdata
pip 安装python-开发工具
apt/apk 安装 gcc-c++

重现错误

命令

docker pull python:alpine
docker run -it python:alpine sh
pip install backports.zoneinfo

错误

Collecting backports.zoneinfo
  Downloading backports.zoneinfo-0.2.1.tar.gz (74 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 74 kB 692 kB/s 
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
    Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: backports.zoneinfo
  Building wheel for backports.zoneinfo (PEP 517) ... error

  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py build_wheel /tmp/tmprpnblifv
       cwd: /tmp/pip-install-tese9bhy/backports-zoneinfo_cf483b65d8814b8c8a8db93a7369c0cf
  Complete output (35 lines):
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/backports
  copying src/backports/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/backports
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/backports/zoneinfo
  copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_tzpath.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/backports/zoneinfo
  copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_zoneinfo.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/backports/zoneinfo
  copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_common.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/backports/zoneinfo
  copying src/backports/zoneinfo/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/backports/zoneinfo
  copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_version.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/backports/zoneinfo
  running egg_info
  writing src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/PKG-INFO
  writing dependency_links to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
  writing requirements to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/requires.txt
  writing top-level names to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/top_level.txt
  reading manifest file 'src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
  reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
  warning: no files found matching '*.png' under directory 'docs'
  warning: no files found matching '*.svg' under directory 'docs'
  no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'
  no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_output'
  adding license file 'LICENSE'
  adding license file 'licenses/LICENSE_APACHE'
  writing manifest file 'src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
  copying src/backports/zoneinfo/__init__.pyi -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/backports/zoneinfo
  copying src/backports/zoneinfo/py.typed -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.9/backports/zoneinfo
  running build_ext
  building 'backports.zoneinfo._czoneinfo' extension
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9
  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/lib
  gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -I/usr/local/include/python3.9 -c lib/zoneinfo_module.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.9/lib/zoneinfo_module.o -std=c99
  error: command 'gcc' failed: No such file or directory
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for backports.zoneinfo
ERROR: Could not build wheels for backports.zoneinfo which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

Answer 1

它抱怨缺少文件或目录。这有点误导，因为缺少 gcc。在 alpine 中，您还必须安装 musl-dev，以获得所有必需的开发文件。

apk add -u gcc musl-dev

此外，python:alpine3.15 使用的 python3.10 似乎不受 backports.zoneinfo 支持。 https://github.com/pganssle/zoneinfo/issues/111

Docker python:3.9.10-slim-buster 镜像无法使用 pip 安装 backports.zoneinfo

Docker python:3.9.10-slim-buster image can not install backports.zoneinfo using pip

python

linux

alpine