django.db.utils.OperationalError: near "CASCADE": syntax error when making a pull request in Github
django.db.utils.OperationalError: near "CASCADE": syntax error when making a pull request in Github
我正在尝试使用 Heroku 部署一个 django 网站。
当我运行python3 manage.py runserver时，一切正常。但是当我将它推送到 github 并发出拉取请求时，我有一个测试我的代码的操作并且我 运行 进入该错误。
Using existing test database for alias 'default'...
Found 7 test(s).
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
.......
Alicia
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Tiffany
Barbara
Ran 7 tests in 1.319s
OK
Taylor
Dr.
Wanda
Jacob
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 83, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 414, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
sqlite3.OperationalError: near "CASCADE": syntax error
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
main()
File "manage.py", line 18, in main
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 425, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 419, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 24, in run_from_argv
super().run_from_argv(argv)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 373, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 417, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 59, in handle
failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 941, in run_tests
self.teardown_databases(old_config)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django_on_heroku/core.py", line 33, in teardown_databases
self._wipe_tables(connection)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django_on_heroku/core.py", line 27, in _wipe_tables
cursor.execute(f"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS {table_name} CASCADE")
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 67, in execute
return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 76, in _execute_with_wrappers
return executor(sql, params, many, context)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 90, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 83, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 414, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: near "CASCADE": syntax error
Error: Process completed with exit code 1.
在我创建 Procfile 并将以下更改添加到我的 seetings.py 后出现此错误：
import django_on_heroku
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
django_on_heroku.settings(locals())
查看下面的完整 settings.py：
"""
Django settings for website project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.2.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/
"""
from pathlib import Path
import os
import sys
import django_on_heroku
from django.contrib.messages import constants as messages
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY')
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
TESTING = len(sys.argv)>1 and sys.argv[1] == 'test'
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
AUTH_USER_MODEL="register.User"
LOGIN_URL ="/login"
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'register',
'main',
'crispy_forms',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'website.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'website.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Email config
EMAIL_FROM_USER=os.environ.get('EMAIL_FROM_USER')
EMAIL_HOST='smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_HOST_USER=os.environ.get('EMAIL_FROM_USER')
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD=os.environ.get('EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD')
EMAIL_USE_TLS=True
EMAIL_PORT=587
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK="bootstrap4"
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = "/"
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = "/"
# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field
DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
MESSAGE_TAGS = {
messages.DEBUG: 'alert-info',
messages.ERROR: 'alert-danger',
messages.SUCCESS: 'alert-success',
messages.WARNING: 'alert-warning',
messages.INFO: 'alert-info',
}
django_on_heroku.settings(locals())
和下面的 Procfile：
release: python3 manage.py makemigrations
release: python3 manage.py migrate
web: gunicorn website.wsgi
如果您有解决方法，请告诉我。
谢谢。
SQLite 不支持 django_on_heroku 包中的 SQL 语法，这就是您看到错误的原因。
您可以在 DROP TABLE 上查看 SQLite here 的详细信息，但要引用该页面；
SQLite doesn’t support the CASCADE and RESTRICT keywords, which are included in the SQL standard, and are supported by some other RDBMSs (such as PostgreSQL).
很有可能您的服务器是 运行 mysql 或 postgres，但您的测试使用 SQLite.
您提到 github 工作流程是问题发生的地方，所以我希望在该工作流程中使用 mysql 或 postgres。你可以看到这个 here.
的例子
我正在尝试使用 Heroku 部署一个 django 网站。
当我运行python3 manage.py runserver时，一切正常。但是当我将它推送到 github 并发出拉取请求时，我有一个测试我的代码的操作并且我 运行 进入该错误。
Using existing test database for alias 'default'...
Found 7 test(s).
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
.......
Alicia
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Tiffany
Barbara
Ran 7 tests in 1.319s
OK
Taylor
Dr.
Wanda
Jacob
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 83, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 414, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
sqlite3.OperationalError: near "CASCADE": syntax error
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
main()
File "manage.py", line 18, in main
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 425, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 419, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 24, in run_from_argv
super().run_from_argv(argv)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 373, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 417, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/test.py", line 59, in handle
failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/test/runner.py", line 941, in run_tests
self.teardown_databases(old_config)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django_on_heroku/core.py", line 33, in teardown_databases
self._wipe_tables(connection)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django_on_heroku/core.py", line 27, in _wipe_tables
cursor.execute(f"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS {table_name} CASCADE")
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 67, in execute
return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 76, in _execute_with_wrappers
return executor(sql, params, many, context)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 90, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 83, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql)
File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.10/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 414, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: near "CASCADE": syntax error
Error: Process completed with exit code 1.
在我创建 Procfile 并将以下更改添加到我的 seetings.py 后出现此错误：
import django_on_heroku
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
django_on_heroku.settings(locals())
查看下面的完整 settings.py：
"""
Django settings for website project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.2.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/
"""
from pathlib import Path
import os
import sys
import django_on_heroku
from django.contrib.messages import constants as messages
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY')
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
TESTING = len(sys.argv)>1 and sys.argv[1] == 'test'
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
AUTH_USER_MODEL="register.User"
LOGIN_URL ="/login"
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'register',
'main',
'crispy_forms',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'website.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'website.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Email config
EMAIL_FROM_USER=os.environ.get('EMAIL_FROM_USER')
EMAIL_HOST='smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_HOST_USER=os.environ.get('EMAIL_FROM_USER')
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD=os.environ.get('EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD')
EMAIL_USE_TLS=True
EMAIL_PORT=587
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK="bootstrap4"
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = "/"
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL = "/"
# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field
DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
MESSAGE_TAGS = {
messages.DEBUG: 'alert-info',
messages.ERROR: 'alert-danger',
messages.SUCCESS: 'alert-success',
messages.WARNING: 'alert-warning',
messages.INFO: 'alert-info',
}
django_on_heroku.settings(locals())
和下面的 Procfile：
release: python3 manage.py makemigrations
release: python3 manage.py migrate
web: gunicorn website.wsgi
如果您有解决方法，请告诉我。 谢谢。
SQLite 不支持 django_on_heroku 包中的 SQL 语法，这就是您看到错误的原因。
您可以在 DROP TABLE 上查看 SQLite here 的详细信息，但要引用该页面；
SQLite doesn’t support the CASCADE and RESTRICT keywords, which are included in the SQL standard, and are supported by some other RDBMSs (such as PostgreSQL).
很有可能您的服务器是 运行 mysql 或 postgres，但您的测试使用 SQLite.
您提到 github 工作流程是问题发生的地方，所以我希望在该工作流程中使用 mysql 或 postgres。你可以看到这个 here.
的例子