将 SQL 服务器 table 转换为更规范化的版本

Question

旋转（或取消旋转）下面 table 的最佳方法是什么：

CREATE TABLE dbo.Sections(
    SectionId varchar(50) NOT NULL (PK),
    Description varchar(255),
    SubSectionIdA varchar(50),
    SubSectionIdB varchar(50),
    SubSectionIdC varchar(50),
    SubSectionIdD varchar(50),
    SubSectionIdE varchar(50)
);

并将其转换为如下模式：

CREATE TABLE dbo.NormalizedSections(
    SectionId varchar(50) NOT NULL (FK and part of PK),
    Description varchar(255),
    SubSectionId varchar(50) NOT NULL (other part of PK),
    Order int
);

所以 Sections table 可以有这样的示例数据：

SectionId   Description     SubSectionIdA       SubSectionIdB       SubSectionIdC       SubSectionIdD       SubSectionIdE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec-01A     Special section     NULL            ''          SubsectionA1        SubsectionA2        ''
Sec-02B     Cheap seats     CheapSeciton1       ''          CheapSectionTop     NULL            LimitedView     
Sec-01B     VIP         Special         CourtsideSeatView   NULL            NULL            NULL

这需要变成这样：

SectionId   Description     SubSectionId        Order
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec-01A     Special section     SubsectionA1        1
Sec-01A     Special section     SubsectionA2        2
Sec-02B     Cheap seats     CheapSeciton1       1
Sec-02B     Cheap seats     CheapSectionTop     2
Sec-02B     Cheap seats     LimitedView     3       
Sec-01B     VIP         Special         1
Sec-01B     VIP         CourtsideSeatView   2

有没有一种快速的方法可以做到这一点并将其加载到临时 table 中，并在 SQL 服务器中使用一些奇特的非游标 T-SQL？

Answer 1

如果是一次性工作，请尝试 UNPIVOT to convert the SubSectionId..N columns into rows. Then add a ROW_NUMBER() 结果以按部分和小节生成订单号

-- Unpivot the table.  
SELECT unpvt.SectionId
       , unpvt.Description
       , unpvt.SubSection
       , ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY SectionId ORDER BY SubSection) AS RowOrder
FROM   
   ( SELECT SectionId
            , Description
            , SubSectionIdA
            , SubSectionIdB
            , SubSectionIdC
            , SubSectionIdD
            , SubSectionIdE
     FROM   Sections
   ) p  
   UNPIVOT  
   (
      SubSection FOR SubSectionId 
        IN (SubSectionIdA
            , SubSectionIdB
            , SubSectionIdC
            , SubSectionIdD
            , SubSectionIdE
         )  
)AS unpvt
WHERE ISNULL(SubSection, '') <> ''

结果：

SectionId | Description     | SubSection        | RowOrder
:-------- | :-------------- | :---------------- | -------:
Sec-01A   | Special section | SubsectionA1      |        1
Sec-01A   | Special section | SubsectionA2      |        2
Sec-01B   | VIP             | CourtsideSeatView |        1
Sec-01B   | VIP             | Special           |        2
Sec-02B   | Cheap seats     | CheapSeciton1     |        1
Sec-02B   | Cheap seats     | CheapSectionTop   |        2
Sec-02B   | Cheap seats     | LimitedView       |        3

另见 db<>fiddle

将 SQL 服务器 table 转换为更规范化的版本

Pivoting a SQL Server table into a more normalized version

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