多重继承 Python init 无效

Question

我有这 2 个 classes:

from avatar import Avatar    
class Caster(Avatar):
    def __init__(self, name, life, strength, protection, mana):
        super().__init__(name, life, strength, protection)
        self._mana = mana

和：

from avatar import Avatar
class Melee(Avatar):
    def __init__(self, name, life, strength, protection, shield):
        super().__init__(name, life, strength, protection)
        self._shield = shield

他们都继承自：

class Avatar:
    def __init__(self, name, life, strength, protection):
        self._name = name
        self._life = life
        self._strength = strength
        self._protection = protection

现在我想创建一个新的 class 继承自 Caster 和 Melee

from melee import Melee
from caster import Caster
class Chaman(Melee, Caster):         
    def __init__(self, name, life, strength, protection, shield, mana):    
        Melee().__init__(self, name, life, strength, protection, shield)
        Caster().__init__(self, mana)

这个新的 class 结合了近战和施法者的元素。当我执行它并尝试创建新的 Chaman 对象时，它给了我这个错误：

TypeError: __init__() missing 5 required positional arguments: 'name', 'life', 'strength', 'protection', and 'shield'

Answer 1

设计您的 classes 并正确使用 super ，如 Python's super() considered super!.

中的进一步详细讨论

class Avatar:
    def __init__(self, *, name, life, strength, protection, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._name = name
        self._life = life
        self._strength = strength
        self._protection = protection


class Caster(Avatar):
    def __init__(self, *, mana, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._mana = mana


class Melee(Avatar):
    def __init__(self, *, shield, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._shield = shield


class Chaman(Melee, Caster):
    pass


# Note that the order of the *keyword* arguments does not matter.
c = Chaman(name="bob", life=3, strength=10, protection=5, mana=9, shield=0)

每个 class 只处理它引入的参数，通过 super.

将任何其他参数传递到堆栈中

由于Chaman.__init__没有定义，Melee.__init__会先被调用；它会调用 Caster.__init__（not Avatar.__init__），后者会调用 Avatar.__init__，后者会调用 object.__init__，后者什么都不做。

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