如何访问 object 列表中的 object 属性,它是 python 中 class 的属性?

How to access object atribute inside a list of objects that is an atribute of a class in python?

我正在尝试构建一个“节点”class,它具有 2 个值属性和一个 children“节点”列表。当我尝试访问 child 的 children 之一时,我只得到当前的 child 列表。

这是我正在做的事情:

class node:

    def __init__(self, value = 0, depth = 0, child = []):
        self.value = value
        self.depth = depth
        self.child = child

a = node(1,0)
b = node(2,1)
c = node(3,1)

print("object A:",a)
print("object B:",b)
print("object C:",c)

# b and c have no children
print("Children of B:",b.child)
print("Children of C:",c.child)

a.child.append(b)
a.child.append(c)

# a now has 2 children, b and c
print("Children of A:",a.child)

# If I check "B" and "C" values it works ok
print("Value of B:",a.child[0].value)
print("Value of C:",a.child[1].value)

# but if I try to check b or c child list, I get A's children
print("Children of B:",a.child[0].child)
print("Children of C:",a.child[1].child)

我做错了什么?

The code can be tried here

这是一个common gotcha related to using mutable default arguments。 Python 在函数定义期间初始化该列表,因此所有后续 node 实例都在访问(和 re-assigning)完全相同的列表引用。

解决此问题的方法是将默认值定义为 None,并在 __init__ 方法主体内初始化列表:

def __init__(self, value=0, depth=0, children=None):
    self.children = children or list()
    ...

要解决此问题,请在构造函数中使用列表的 copy() 方法,只分配值而不是列表引用。

def __init__(self, value = 0, depth = 0, child = []):
        self.value = value
        self.depth = depth
        self.child = child.copy()