gcc:无效错误 "use of deleted function"(复制构造函数)?

gcc: invalid error "use of deleted function" (copy constructor)?

简化问题:

#include <stdio.h>
class X
{
public:
    int a = 0;
    X() { printf("constr-def %d\n", a); }
    X(int i):a(i+1) { printf("constr-i %d\n", a); }
    int operator=(int i) { a = i; return i; }
    operator bool() { return !!a; }
    
    //~ X(const X& o) { a = o.a; printf("copy-constr %d\n", a); };
    //~ const X& operator=(const X& o) { a = o.a; printf("copy-op %d\n", a); return *this; };
    
    X(const X& o) = delete;
    const X& operator=(const X& o) = delete;
};

int main() {
    X x;
    X y = 5;  // should be equivalent to X y(5)
    printf("results: %d %d\n", x.a, y.a);
}

使用 MSVC 编译时的输出;或者 gcc / MSVC 和未删除的复制构造函数变体处于活动状态(上面已注释掉):

>g++ -Os dede.cpp -o dede
>dede
constr-def 0
constr-i 6
results: 0 6
>Exit code: 0

--> 从不使用复制构造函数; MSVC 按原样成功编译。

使用 gcc 按原样编译(v9.3.0 当前 mingw/msys64 构建):

>g++ -Os dede.cpp -o dede
dede.cpp: In function 'int main()':
dede.cpp:20:8: error: use of deleted function 'X::X(const X&)'
   20 |  X y = 5;  // should be equivalent to X y(5)
      |        ^
dede.cpp:14:5: note: declared here
   14 |     X(const X& o) = delete;
      |     ^
dede.cpp:7:2: note:   after user-defined conversion: 'X::X(int)'
    7 |  X(int i):a(i+1) { printf("constr-i %d\n", a); }
      |  ^
>Exit code: 1

为什么 gcc 使用 use of deleted 复制构造函数出错,而他在未删除的情况下不使用它?

在 C++17 之前,这样的 copy elision 是一种优化,这是允许的,但复制(或移动)构造函数仍然必须存在且可访问。

自 C++17 起,代码工作正常,因为对于强制复制省略,copy/move 构造函数不需要再次存在或可访问。

C++17 core language specification of prvalues and temporaries is fundamentally different from that of the earlier C++ revisions: there is no longer a temporary to copy/move from.