从 matplotlib colormap 对象获取颜色名称
Getting the names of colors from matplotlib colormap object
我想从颜色映射对象中获取颜色的英文名称。到目前为止，我读到你可以获得颜色的数值。例如-
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap, LinearSegmentedColormap
viridis = cm.get_cmap('viridis', 12)
print(viridis)
print(viridis(0.56))
输出
<matplotlib.colors.ListedColormap object at 0x7fb112c73ba8>
(0.119512, 0.607464, 0.540218, 1.0)
同样清楚的是，LineSegColor 是一个元组，它匹配一个字符串和一个包含字符串和矩阵之间的散列的字典。矩阵代表一些 n*m space 的梯度，用于表达特定颜色。
cdict1 = {'red': ((0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
(0.5, 0.0, 0.1),
(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)),
'green': ((0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)),
'blue': ((0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
(0.5, 0.1, 0.0),
(1.0, 0.0, 0.0))
}
blue_red1 = LinearSegmentedColormap('BlueRed1', cdict1)
如何将颜色的创建反向工程到 Virdis？
以下是我访问过的几个链接 -
Viridis 不是作为 LinearSegmentedColormap 创建的。它是一个精心构建的 256 rgb 值列表。您可以通过
创建这样的颜色图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap
import numpy as np
viridis = plt.get_cmap('viridis')
new_viridis = ListedColormap(viridis(np.arange(256)))
256 种单独颜色中的 None 对应于命名颜色（至少不在 148 长 CSS4 列表中）。下面是一些创建接近颜色列表的代码（主要代码来自Convert RGB color to English color name, like 'green'）：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.colors import to_hex, to_rgb
import numpy as np
def find_closest_name(col):
rv, gv, bv = to_rgb(col)
min_colors = {}
for col in CSS4_COLORS:
rc, gc, bc = to_rgb(col)
min_colors[(rc - rv) ** 2 + (gc - gv) ** 2 + (bc - bv) ** 2] = col
closest = min(min_colors.keys())
return min_colors[closest], np.sqrt(closest)
viridis = plt.get_cmap('viridis')
for i in range(256):
closest_name, dist = find_closest_name(viridis(i))
print(f'{i:3d} {to_hex((rv, gv, bv))} closest:{closest_name}) dist:{dist:.3f}')
给出以下列表：
0 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.182
1 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.177
2 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.171
3 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.165
4 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.160
5 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.156
6 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.151
7 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.148
8 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.144
9 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.141
10 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.139
11 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.137
12 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.135
13 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.134
14 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.133
15 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.133
16 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.133
17 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.134
18 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.135
19 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.136
20 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.138
21 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.140
22 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.142
23 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.145
24 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.138
25 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.132
26 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.125
27 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.119
28 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.113
29 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.107
30 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.101
31 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.095
32 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.089
33 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.083
34 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.077
35 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.072
36 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.067
37 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.061
38 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.056
39 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.052
40 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.047
41 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.043
42 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.039
43 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.036
44 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.034
45 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.032
46 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.032
47 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.032
48 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.033
49 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.035
50 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.038
51 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.041
52 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.045
53 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.049
54 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.053
55 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.057
56 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.062
57 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.066
58 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.071
59 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.075
60 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.080
61 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.085
62 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.089
63 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.094
64 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.098
65 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.103
66 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.108
67 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.112
68 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.117
69 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.121
70 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.126
71 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.130
72 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.135
73 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.139
74 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.144
75 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.148
76 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.153
77 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.157
78 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.162
79 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.166
80 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.170
81 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.175
82 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.179
83 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.183
84 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.187
85 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.192
86 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.196
87 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.197
88 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.196
89 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.195
90 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.194
91 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.193
92 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.192
93 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.191
94 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.191
95 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.190
96 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.189
97 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.187
98 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.184
99 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.182
100 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.180
101 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.178
102 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.176
103 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.174
104 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.172
105 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.170
106 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.168
107 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.166
108 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.164
109 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.161
110 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.159
111 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.156
112 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.154
113 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.152
114 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.150
115 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.148
116 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.146
117 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.144
118 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.142
119 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.140
120 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.138
121 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.137
122 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.135
123 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.134
124 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.133
125 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.132
126 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.131
127 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.130
128 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.130
129 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.129
130 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.129
131 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.129
132 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.129
133 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.129
134 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.130
135 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.130
136 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.131
137 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.132
138 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.133
139 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.135
140 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.137
141 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.139
142 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.141
143 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.143
144 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.146
145 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.148
146 #fde725 closest:lightseagreen) dist:0.151
147 #fde725 closest:lightseagreen) dist:0.151
148 #fde725 closest:lightseagreen) dist:0.151
149 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.148
150 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.145
151 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.141
152 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.137
153 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.132
154 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.128
155 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.124
156 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.119
157 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.114
158 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.109
159 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.104
160 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.099
161 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.093
162 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.088
163 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.082
164 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.077
165 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.071
166 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.065
167 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.059
168 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.054
169 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.049
170 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.044
171 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.039
172 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.036
173 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.035
174 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.034
175 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.036
176 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.040
177 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.044
178 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.050
179 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.057
180 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.064
181 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.071
182 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.079
183 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.087
184 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.096
185 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.105
186 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.114
187 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.123
188 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.132
189 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.141
190 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.151
191 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.161
192 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.171
193 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.181
194 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.191
195 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.201
196 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.211
197 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.222
198 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.232
199 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.229
200 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.219
201 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.208
202 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.198
203 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.187
204 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.177
205 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.166
206 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.156
207 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.145
208 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.135
209 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.124
210 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.114
211 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.104
212 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.095
213 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.086
214 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.078
215 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.071
216 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.066
217 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.062
218 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.061
219 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.062
220 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.065
221 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.071
222 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.078
223 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.087
224 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.096
225 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.106
226 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.116
227 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.127
228 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.138
229 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.141
230 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.146
231 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.151
232 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.157
233 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.163
234 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.170
235 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.178
236 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.186
237 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.194
238 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.202
239 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.199
240 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.189
241 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.180
242 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.171
243 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.163
244 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.156
245 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.150
246 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.145
247 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.141
248 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.139
249 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.137
250 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.137
251 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.139
252 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.142
253 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.146
254 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.151
255 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.157
这里是一些代码，用于从接近 viridis 的 12 种颜色创建 LinearSegmentedColormap。第一个示例使用最接近的命名颜色，第二个示例使用精确颜色的十六进制形式。两者都只是一个近似值，但可以注意到命名的颜色差异很大（特别是因为 12 种最接近的颜色不是唯一的）。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.colors import to_hex, to_rgb, CSS4_COLORS, LinearSegmentedColormap, ListedColormap
from matplotlib.cm import ScalarMappable
def find_closest_name(col):
rv, gv, bv = to_rgb(col)
min_colors = {}
for col in CSS4_COLORS:
rc, gc, bc = to_rgb(col)
min_colors[(rc - rv) ** 2 + (gc - gv) ** 2 + (bc - bv) ** 2] = col
closest = min(min_colors.keys())
return min_colors[closest], np.sqrt(closest)
vals = np.linspace(0, 1, 12)
[(val, to_hex(viridis(val))) for val in vals]
semi_viridis_colors = [find_closest_name(viridis(val))[0] for val in vals]
# ['indigo', 'darkslateblue', 'darkslateblue', 'darkslateblue', 'steelblue', 'darkcyan', 'darkcyan', 'mediumseagreen', 'mediumseagreen', 'yellowgreen', 'greenyellow', 'gold']
semi_viridis = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('semi_viridis',
[(val, col) for val, col in zip(vals, semi_viridis_colors)])
semi_viridis_hex_colors = [to_hex(viridis(val)) for val in vals]
# ['#440154', '#482173', '#433e85', '#38588c', '#2d708e', '#25858e', '#1e9b8a', '#2ab07f', '#52c569', '#86d549', '#c2df23', '#fde725']
semi_viridis_hex = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('semi_viridis_hex',
[(val, col) for val, col in zip(vals, semi_viridis_hex_colors)])
fig, (ax1, ax2, ax3) = plt.subplots(3, 1, figsize=(16, 5))
plt.colorbar(ScalarMappable(cmap=viridis), label='viridis', orientation='horizontal', cax=ax1)
plt.colorbar(ScalarMappable(cmap=semi_viridis), label='semi viridis', orientation='horizontal', cax=ax2)
plt.colorbar(ScalarMappable(cmap=semi_viridis_hex), label='semi viridis hex', orientation='horizontal', cax=ax3)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
我想从颜色映射对象中获取颜色的英文名称。到目前为止，我读到你可以获得颜色的数值。例如-
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap, LinearSegmentedColormap
viridis = cm.get_cmap('viridis', 12)
print(viridis)
print(viridis(0.56))
输出
<matplotlib.colors.ListedColormap object at 0x7fb112c73ba8>
(0.119512, 0.607464, 0.540218, 1.0)
同样清楚的是，LineSegColor 是一个元组，它匹配一个字符串和一个包含字符串和矩阵之间的散列的字典。矩阵代表一些 n*m space 的梯度，用于表达特定颜色。
cdict1 = {'red': ((0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
(0.5, 0.0, 0.1),
(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)),
'green': ((0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)),
'blue': ((0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
(0.5, 0.1, 0.0),
(1.0, 0.0, 0.0))
}
blue_red1 = LinearSegmentedColormap('BlueRed1', cdict1)
如何将颜色的创建反向工程到 Virdis？
以下是我访问过的几个链接 -
Viridis 不是作为 LinearSegmentedColormap 创建的。它是一个精心构建的 256 rgb 值列表。您可以通过
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap
import numpy as np
viridis = plt.get_cmap('viridis')
new_viridis = ListedColormap(viridis(np.arange(256)))
None 对应于命名颜色（至少不在 148 长 CSS4 列表中）。下面是一些创建接近颜色列表的代码（主要代码来自Convert RGB color to English color name, like 'green'）：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.colors import to_hex, to_rgb
import numpy as np
def find_closest_name(col):
rv, gv, bv = to_rgb(col)
min_colors = {}
for col in CSS4_COLORS:
rc, gc, bc = to_rgb(col)
min_colors[(rc - rv) ** 2 + (gc - gv) ** 2 + (bc - bv) ** 2] = col
closest = min(min_colors.keys())
return min_colors[closest], np.sqrt(closest)
viridis = plt.get_cmap('viridis')
for i in range(256):
closest_name, dist = find_closest_name(viridis(i))
print(f'{i:3d} {to_hex((rv, gv, bv))} closest:{closest_name}) dist:{dist:.3f}')
给出以下列表：
0 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.182
1 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.177
2 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.171
3 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.165
4 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.160
5 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.156
6 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.151
7 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.148
8 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.144
9 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.141
10 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.139
11 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.137
12 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.135
13 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.134
14 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.133
15 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.133
16 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.133
17 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.134
18 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.135
19 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.136
20 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.138
21 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.140
22 #fde725 closest:indigo) dist:0.142
23 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.145
24 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.138
25 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.132
26 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.125
27 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.119
28 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.113
29 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.107
30 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.101
31 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.095
32 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.089
33 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.083
34 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.077
35 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.072
36 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.067
37 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.061
38 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.056
39 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.052
40 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.047
41 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.043
42 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.039
43 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.036
44 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.034
45 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.032
46 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.032
47 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.032
48 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.033
49 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.035
50 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.038
51 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.041
52 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.045
53 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.049
54 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.053
55 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.057
56 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.062
57 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.066
58 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.071
59 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.075
60 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.080
61 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.085
62 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.089
63 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.094
64 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.098
65 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.103
66 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.108
67 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.112
68 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.117
69 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.121
70 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.126
71 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.130
72 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.135
73 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.139
74 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.144
75 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.148
76 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.153
77 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.157
78 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.162
79 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.166
80 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.170
81 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.175
82 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.179
83 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.183
84 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.187
85 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.192
86 #fde725 closest:darkslateblue) dist:0.196
87 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.197
88 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.196
89 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.195
90 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.194
91 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.193
92 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.192
93 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.191
94 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.191
95 #fde725 closest:steelblue) dist:0.190
96 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.189
97 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.187
98 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.184
99 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.182
100 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.180
101 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.178
102 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.176
103 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.174
104 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.172
105 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.170
106 #fde725 closest:teal) dist:0.168
107 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.166
108 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.164
109 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.161
110 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.159
111 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.156
112 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.154
113 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.152
114 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.150
115 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.148
116 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.146
117 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.144
118 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.142
119 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.140
120 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.138
121 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.137
122 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.135
123 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.134
124 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.133
125 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.132
126 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.131
127 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.130
128 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.130
129 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.129
130 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.129
131 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.129
132 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.129
133 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.129
134 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.130
135 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.130
136 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.131
137 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.132
138 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.133
139 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.135
140 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.137
141 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.139
142 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.141
143 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.143
144 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.146
145 #fde725 closest:darkcyan) dist:0.148
146 #fde725 closest:lightseagreen) dist:0.151
147 #fde725 closest:lightseagreen) dist:0.151
148 #fde725 closest:lightseagreen) dist:0.151
149 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.148
150 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.145
151 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.141
152 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.137
153 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.132
154 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.128
155 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.124
156 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.119
157 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.114
158 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.109
159 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.104
160 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.099
161 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.093
162 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.088
163 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.082
164 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.077
165 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.071
166 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.065
167 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.059
168 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.054
169 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.049
170 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.044
171 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.039
172 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.036
173 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.035
174 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.034
175 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.036
176 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.040
177 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.044
178 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.050
179 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.057
180 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.064
181 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.071
182 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.079
183 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.087
184 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.096
185 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.105
186 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.114
187 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.123
188 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.132
189 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.141
190 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.151
191 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.161
192 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.171
193 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.181
194 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.191
195 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.201
196 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.211
197 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.222
198 #fde725 closest:mediumseagreen) dist:0.232
199 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.229
200 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.219
201 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.208
202 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.198
203 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.187
204 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.177
205 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.166
206 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.156
207 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.145
208 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.135
209 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.124
210 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.114
211 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.104
212 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.095
213 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.086
214 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.078
215 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.071
216 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.066
217 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.062
218 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.061
219 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.062
220 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.065
221 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.071
222 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.078
223 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.087
224 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.096
225 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.106
226 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.116
227 #fde725 closest:yellowgreen) dist:0.127
228 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.138
229 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.141
230 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.146
231 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.151
232 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.157
233 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.163
234 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.170
235 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.178
236 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.186
237 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.194
238 #fde725 closest:greenyellow) dist:0.202
239 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.199
240 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.189
241 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.180
242 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.171
243 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.163
244 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.156
245 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.150
246 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.145
247 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.141
248 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.139
249 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.137
250 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.137
251 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.139
252 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.142
253 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.146
254 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.151
255 #fde725 closest:gold) dist:0.157
这里是一些代码，用于从接近 viridis 的 12 种颜色创建 LinearSegmentedColormap。第一个示例使用最接近的命名颜色，第二个示例使用精确颜色的十六进制形式。两者都只是一个近似值，但可以注意到命名的颜色差异很大（特别是因为 12 种最接近的颜色不是唯一的）。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.colors import to_hex, to_rgb, CSS4_COLORS, LinearSegmentedColormap, ListedColormap
from matplotlib.cm import ScalarMappable
def find_closest_name(col):
rv, gv, bv = to_rgb(col)
min_colors = {}
for col in CSS4_COLORS:
rc, gc, bc = to_rgb(col)
min_colors[(rc - rv) ** 2 + (gc - gv) ** 2 + (bc - bv) ** 2] = col
closest = min(min_colors.keys())
return min_colors[closest], np.sqrt(closest)
vals = np.linspace(0, 1, 12)
[(val, to_hex(viridis(val))) for val in vals]
semi_viridis_colors = [find_closest_name(viridis(val))[0] for val in vals]
# ['indigo', 'darkslateblue', 'darkslateblue', 'darkslateblue', 'steelblue', 'darkcyan', 'darkcyan', 'mediumseagreen', 'mediumseagreen', 'yellowgreen', 'greenyellow', 'gold']
semi_viridis = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('semi_viridis',
[(val, col) for val, col in zip(vals, semi_viridis_colors)])
semi_viridis_hex_colors = [to_hex(viridis(val)) for val in vals]
# ['#440154', '#482173', '#433e85', '#38588c', '#2d708e', '#25858e', '#1e9b8a', '#2ab07f', '#52c569', '#86d549', '#c2df23', '#fde725']
semi_viridis_hex = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('semi_viridis_hex',
[(val, col) for val, col in zip(vals, semi_viridis_hex_colors)])
fig, (ax1, ax2, ax3) = plt.subplots(3, 1, figsize=(16, 5))
plt.colorbar(ScalarMappable(cmap=viridis), label='viridis', orientation='horizontal', cax=ax1)
plt.colorbar(ScalarMappable(cmap=semi_viridis), label='semi viridis', orientation='horizontal', cax=ax2)
plt.colorbar(ScalarMappable(cmap=semi_viridis_hex), label='semi viridis hex', orientation='horizontal', cax=ax3)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()