在特定单词(密码/sed/awk)后将字母数字字符串插入文本文件

Insert alphanumeric string into text file after certain word (password / sed / awk)

我手头有一个包含 690 个条目的文本文件,类似于 P.S 中显示的内容。 (显示在 P.S 中是一个示例,来自此处 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB753792.1)。在我的文本文件中,条目由“//”分隔。

在我的例子中,在 "ACCESSION "(字符串和 3 个空格)之后没有大写字母数字字符串 (例如 P.S 中的 "AB753792")。我正在使用默认值 Bash 运行 MacOSX Yosemite,并希望用独特的大写字母数字字符串填充 690 个空格,例如生成的:

openssl rand -hex 4 | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'    

(5.1.15: 我已经更改了上面的命令,在这篇文章的第一个版本中有所不同)

我知道 sed / awk 是如何解决这个问题的,但我不知道 sed 如何能够在每个 "ACCESSION " 之后插入一个唯一的 8 位大写字母数字字符串。

我很乐意得到帮助。

亲切的问候,

保罗

P.S.

LOCUS       AB753792                 712 bp    DNA     linear   INV 26-JUN-2013
DEFINITION  Acutuncus antarcticus mitochondrial gene for cytochrome c oxidase
            subunit 1, partial cds.
ACCESSION   AB753792
VERSION     AB753792.1  GI:478246768
KEYWORDS    .
SOURCE      mitochondrion Acutuncus antarcticus
ORGANISM  Acutuncus antarcticus
        Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Tardigrada; Eutardigrada; Parachela;
        Hypsibiidae; Acutuncus.
REFERENCE   1
AUTHORS   Kagoshima,H., Imura,S. and Suzuki,A.C.
TITLE     Molecular and morphological analysis of an Antarctic tardigrade,
          Acutuncus antarcticus
JOURNAL   J. Limnol. 72 (s1), 15-23 (2013)
REFERENCE  2  (bases 1 to 712)
AUTHORS   Kagoshima,H. and Suzuki,A.C.
TITLE     Direct Submission
JOURNAL   Submitted (07-OCT-2012) Contact:Hiroshi Kagoshima Transdisciplinary
        Research Integration Center/Nationlal Institute of Genetics; 1111
        Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..712
                     /organism="Acutuncus antarcticus"
                     /organelle="mitochondrion"
                 /mol_type="genomic DNA"
                 /isolation_source="moss sample (Bryum pseudotriquetrum,
                 Bryum argenteum, and Ceratodon purpureus)"
                 /db_xref="taxon:467037"
                 /country="Antarctica: East antarctica, soya coast,
                 Skarvsnes and Langhovde"
 CDS             <1..712
                 /codon_start=2
                 /transl_table=5
                 /product="cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1"
                 /protein_id="BAN14781.1"
                 /db_xref="GI:478246769"
                 /translation="GQQNHKDIGTLYFIFGVWAATVGTSLSMIIRSELSQPGSLFSDE
                 QLYNVTVTSHAFVMIFFFVMPILIGGFGNWLVPLMISAPDMAFPRMNNLSFWLLPPSF
                 MLITMSSMAEQGAGTGWTVYPPLAHYFAHSGPAVDLTIFSLHVAGASSILGAVNFIST
                 IMNMRAPSISLEQMPLFVWSVLLTAILLLLALPVLAGAITMLLLDRNFNTSFFDPAGG
                 GDPILYQHLFWFFGHPEV"
 ORIGIN      
         1 tggtcaacaa aatcataaag atattggtac actttatttt atttttggag tatgagctgc
       61 tacagtagga acatctctta gtatgattat ccggtcagaa cttagacaac caggatcact
       121 cttctcagat gaacaacttt acaacgttac agtaacaaga catgcatttg tcataatttt
       181 cttttttgta atacccatcc ttattggagg atttggaaat tgactagtac ctttaatgat
       241 ttcagcacca gatatagctt tcccccgaat aaataacctg agattctgac tactaccccc
       301 atcttttata ttaattacta taagaagtat agcagaacaa ggagccggga cagggtgaac
       361 agtttacccc cctttagctc actattttgc acactcagga ccagctgtcg atttaactat
       421 tttttctctg catgtagcag gagcatcgtc gattttagga gccgtaaact tcatttctac
       481 aattatgaat atgcgagctc catcaattag tttagaacaa atgccactat ttgtatgatc
       541 agtactactt acagccattt tacttctact agctctgcca gtattagcag gagccatcac
       601 aatgctttta ttagaccgaa attttaacac atcgtttttt gatcctgctg gtgggggaga
       661 tccaattctc tatcaacatt tattttgatt ttttggtcac cctgaagttt aa
 //    

你可以使用 gawk

gawk '/ACCESSION[ \t]*$/{l=[=10=];cmd="openssl rand -base64 32 | tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]'";cmd |& getline a;close(cmd);print l,a;next}{print}' /path/to/input > /path/to/output

多行脚本可读性更好:

#!/usr/bin/gawk -f

# If a line with an empty ACCESSION field appears
# The following block gets executed
/ACCESSION[ \t]*$/ {
    # Backup current line
    line=[=11=]
    # Prepare the openssl command
    cmd="openssl rand -base64 32 | tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]'"
    # Execute the openssl command and store results into random
    cmd |& getline random;
    close(cmd);
    # Print the line
    printf "%s   %s\n", line, random;
    # Step forward to next line of input. (Don't execute
    # the following block)
    next
}

# Print all other lines - unmodified
{print}

请注意,您需要 GNU awk (gawk),因为该脚本使用的协同进程仅适用于 GNU 版本的 awk

您可以尝试如下,然后是您的文件

#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..7}; do 
    var=$(openssl rand -hex 4 | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]');
    sed  -i.bak '/^ACCESSION   $/{s#ACCESSION   #&'"${var}"'#g;:tag;n;b tag}' ""
done

请注意,如果我有一个包含 7 行 ACCESSION 后跟 恰好三个空格 和结尾的文件,我将使用 {1..7} 循环七次行

例如

ACCESSION   
VERSION
ACCESSION   
VERSION
ACCESSION   
VERSION    
ACCESSION   
VERSION    
ACCESSION   
VERSION    
ACCESSION   
VERSION    
ACCESSION   

产出

ACCESSION   E4197EB1
VERSION
ACCESSION   EFA0CEFF
VERSION
ACCESSION   9499CA54
VERSION    
ACCESSION   2AD2690D
VERSION    
ACCESSION   3598659F
VERSION    
ACCESSION   25608153
VERSION    
ACCESSION   1B43896B

编辑 由于您使用的是 mac OS X,您可以尝试替代方案

#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..7}; do 
    var=$(openssl rand -hex 4 | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]');
    sed  -i.bak '
    /^ACCESSION   $/{
    s#ACCESSION   #&'"${var}"'#g
    :tag
    n
    b tag
    }' ""
done

非常感谢您的帮助我使用了@hek2mgl 解决方案,因为我无法执行 sed 命令。

感谢您在示例代码中提供评论。我修改如下:

#!/usr/local/bin/gawk -f
# If a line with an empty ACCESSION field appears
# The following block gets executed
/ACCESSION/ {
# Backup current line
line=[=10=]
# Prepare the openssl command
cmd="openssl rand -hex 4 | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'"
# Execute the openssl command and store results into random
cmd |& getline random;
close(cmd);
# Print the line
printf "ACCESSION   %s\n",random;
# Step forward to next line of input. (Don't execute
# the following block)
next
}

# Print all other lines - unmodified
{print}