如何使用 awk 替换字符串中的备用位置

Question

我有一个查找文件，用于搜索 file_2 中的可用记录，如果存在此类记录，则用 # 替换这些记录。目前我的代码正在用 # 替换整个记录，但我需要部分替换它。我想用#替换字符串的每两个字符。我该怎么做？非常感谢您的帮助。谢谢

代码

awk ' NR==FNR {
s = [=10=];
gsub("[A-Za-z0-9]","#");
a[s] = [=10=];
next
}

{
if match([=10=], ">[^<]+"))
{
str = substr([=10=], RSTART+1, RLENGTH-1)
if (str in a )
{
[=10=] = substr([=10=], 1, RSTART) a[str] substr([=10=], RSTART+RLENGTH)
}
}
lines[FNR]=[=10=]
}

END {for (i=1;i<=FNR;i++)
{
for (str in a )
{
regex = "\<" str "\>"
gsub(regex,a[str],lines[I])
}
}' lookup file_1 > file_2

猫查找

CDX98XSD
@vanti Finserv Co.
11:11 - Capital
MS&CO(NY)
MS&CO(NY)
MS&CO(NY)

猫file_1

<html>
<body>
<hr><br><>span class="table">Records</span><table>
<tr class="data">
<td>@vanti Finserv Co.</td>
<td>11:11 - Capital</td>
<td>MS&CO(NY)</td>
<td>New York</td>
<td>CDX98XSD</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="data">
<td>@vanti Finserv Co.</td>
<td></td>
<td>MS&CO(NY)</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>MS&CO(NY)</td>
<td>MS&CO(NY)</td>
<td></td>
</table>
</body>
</html>

预期输出

<html>
<body>
<hr><br><>span class="table">Records</span><table>
<tr class="data">
<td>@##n## F##s##v C##</td>
<td>1##11 - C##I##l</td>
<td>M##C##N##</td>
<td>New York</td>
<td>C##9##S#</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="data">
<td>@##n## F##s##v C##</td>
<td></td>
<td>M##C##N##</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>M##C##N##</td>
<td>M##C##N##</td>
<td></td>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Answer 1

Assumptions/Understandings:

可以忽略 lookup 中的重复条目（即，我们不会区别对待重复出现的条目）
对于 lookup 中的每个白色 space 分隔字符串，我们想用 # 替换第 n/(n+1) 个字符（其中 n = 2 ,5,8,11,14,17,20,....)
对于 lookup 字符串 11:11 - Capital 正确的替换字符串是 1##1# - C##i##l（与 OP 的 1##11 - C##i##l 相对）

向输入文件添加了以下行（基于 OP 的评论）：

# file: lookup
READ 1234
READ
READ NOW

# file: file_1
<td>READ 1234 stuff READ</td>
<td>READ READ NOW</td>
<td>READ NOW READ 9999 York</td>

一个awk想法：

awk '
FNR==NR { if ([=11=] in lookups)                           # if duplicate then ...
             next                                      # ignore
          lookups[[=11=]]=[=11=]
          for (i=1;i<=NF;i++) {                        # loop through list of white space delimited fields
              oldstr=$i
              newstr=""
              while (oldstr) {                         # while oldstr != ""
                    len=length(oldstr)
                    # keep 1st char; replace 2nd/3rd chars if length > 1/2, respectively
                    newstr=newstr substr(oldstr,1,1) substr("##",1,len-1)
                    oldstr=substr(oldstr,4)            # strip off first 3 characters
              }
              ndx=index(lookups[[=11=]],$i)                # locate position of $i in current line
              # replace $i with newstr
              lookups[[=11=]]=substr(lookups[[=11=]],1,ndx-1) newstr substr(lookups[[=11=]],ndx+length($i))
          }
          next
        }

        { match_found=1
          while (match_found) {

                match_found=0
                ndx=99999999
                len=0
                n=99999999

                # find earliest and longest match

                for (i in lookups) {

                    curr_len=length(lookups[i])
                    curr_ndx=index([=11=],i)

                    if (curr_ndx > 0) {
                       match_found=1

                       if (curr_ndx < ndx || (curr_ndx == ndx && curr_len > len)) {
                          ndx=curr_ndx
                          len=curr_len
                          n=i
                       }
                    } # if (curr_ndx > 0)
                } # for (i in lookup)

                if (match_found)
                   [=11=]=substr([=11=],1,ndx-1) lookups[n] substr([=11=],ndx+len)

          } # while ( match_found )
          print
        }

 # uncomment following block to display contents of lookups[]
 #END    { print "############ lookups[]"
 #         for (i in lookups)
 #             print i " => " lookups[i]
 #         print "############"
 #       }
' lookup file_1 > file_2

这会生成：

$ cat file_2
<html>
<body>
<hr><br><>span class="table">Records</span><table>
<tr class="data">
<td>@##n## F##s##v C##</td>
<td>1##1# - C##i##l</td>
<td>M##C##N##</td>
<td>New York</td>
<td>C##9##S#</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="data">
<td>@##n## F##s##v C##</td>
<td></td>
<td>M##C##N##</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>M##C##N##</td>
<td>M##C##N##</td>
<td></td>
</table>
</body>
</html>
<td>R##D 1##4 stuff R##D</td>
<td>R##D R##D N##</td>
<td>R##D N## R##D 9999 York</td>

只关注差异：

$ diff file_1 file_2
5,7c5,7
< <td>@vanti Finserv Co.</td>
< <td>11:11 - Capital</td>
< <td>MS&CO(NY)</td>
---
> <td>@##n## F##s##v C##</td>
> <td>1##1# - C##i##l</td>
> <td>M##C##N##</td>
9c9
< <td>CDX98XSD</td>
---
> <td>C##9##S#</td>
16c16
< <td>@vanti Finserv Co.</td>
---
> <td>@##n## F##s##v C##</td>
18c18
< <td>MS&CO(NY)</td>
---
> <td>M##C##N##</td>
21,22c21,22
< <td>MS&CO(NY)</td>
< <td>MS&CO(NY)</td>
---
> <td>M##C##N##</td>
> <td>M##C##N##</td>
27,29c27,29
< <td>READ 1234 stuff READ</td>
< <td>READ READ NOW</td>
< <td>READ NOW READ 9999 York</td>
---
> <td>R##D 1##4 stuff R##D</td>
> <td>R##D R##D N##</td>
> <td>R##D N## R##D 9999 York</td>

取消注释 END{...} 块生成：

############ lookups[]
READ NOW => R##D N##
READ => R##D
MS&CO(NY) => M##C##N##
READ 1234 => R##D 1##4
CDX98XSD => C##9##S#
@vanti Finserv Co. => @##n## F##s##v C##
11:11 - Capital => 1##1# - C##i##l
############

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