c项目makefile多重定义错误
c project makefile multiple definitions error
这个问题是对应this问题创建的repex。
在我的嵌入式 C 项目中，我有两个独立的板，我想为每个板创建两个 .c 文件（master.c 和 slave.c），每个板包含它们自己的特定 main() 函数.
我已经使用 stm32cumbemx 生成项目，其中包含 main.c、makefile 和其他来源以及 headers（我想将 main.c 替换为 master.c 和 slave.c 手动）。
这是项目的文件夹结构（为简单起见，我删除了 slave.c）：
.
├── Inc
│ └── main.h
├── Makefile
├── Src
│ ├── main.c
│ └── master.c
└── STM32F103RBTx_FLASH.ld
main.h:
#ifndef __MAIN_H
#define __MAIN_H
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* __MAIN_H */
main.c:
#include "main.h"
int variable = 1;
void function(void);
int main() {
variable += 1;
while(1){}
}
void function(void) {
int something = 0;
something++;
}
master.c:
#include "main.h"
int variable = 1;
int variable2;
void function(void);
void function2(void);
int main() {
variable += 1;
while(1){
function2();
}
}
void function(void) {
int something = 0;
something++;
}
void function2(void) {
variable2++;
}
STM32F103RBTx_FlASH.ld:
/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = 0x20005000; /* end of RAM */
/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200; /* required amount of heap */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */
/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
RAM (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 20K
FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x8000000, LENGTH = 128K
}
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
.isr_vector :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH
/* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
*(.eh_frame)
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
. = ALIGN(4);
_etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
} >FLASH
/* Constant data goes into FLASH */
.rodata :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH
.ARM.extab : { *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*) } >FLASH
.ARM : {
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} >FLASH
.preinit_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
} >FLASH
.init_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.init_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
} >FLASH
.fini_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
} >FLASH
/* used by the startup to initialize data */
_sidata = LOADADDR(.data);
/* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
.data :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
_sdata = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
. = ALIGN(4);
_edata = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
} >RAM AT> FLASH
/* Uninitialized data section */
. = ALIGN(4);
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
_sbss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss start */
__bss_start__ = _sbss;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
_ebss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss end */
__bss_end__ = _ebss;
} >RAM
/* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
._user_heap_stack :
{
. = ALIGN(8);
PROVIDE ( end = . );
PROVIDE ( _end = . );
. = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
. = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
. = ALIGN(8);
} >RAM
/* Remove information from the standard libraries */
/DISCARD/ :
{
libc.a ( * )
libm.a ( * )
libgcc.a ( * )
}
.ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
}
和makefile（我添加到pre-generated文件的部分在#edit begin和#edit end之间评论：
TARGET = myproject
#edit begin
MASTER = master
SLAVE = slave
#edit end
DEBUG = 1
# optimization
OPT = -Og
BUILD_DIR = build
# C sources
C_SOURCES = \
Src/main.c
#edint begin
SLAVE_SOURCES = \
Src/slave.c
MASTER_SOURCES = \
Src/master.c \
#edit end
PREFIX = arm-none-eabi-
# The gcc compiler bin path can be either defined in make command via GCC_PATH variable (> make GCC_PATH=xxx)
# either it can be added to the PATH environment variable.
ifdef GCC_PATH
CC = $(GCC_PATH)/$(PREFIX)gcc
AS = $(GCC_PATH)/$(PREFIX)gcc -x assembler-with-cpp
CP = $(GCC_PATH)/$(PREFIX)objcopy
SZ = $(GCC_PATH)/$(PREFIX)size
else
CC = $(PREFIX)gcc
AS = $(PREFIX)gcc -x assembler-with-cpp
CP = $(PREFIX)objcopy
SZ = $(PREFIX)size
endif
HEX = $(CP) -O ihex
BIN = $(CP) -O binary -S
CPU = -mcpu=cortex-m3
# fpu
# NONE for Cortex-M0/M0+/M3
# float-abi
# mcu
MCU = $(CPU) -mthumb $(FPU) $(FLOAT-ABI)
# macros for gcc
# AS defines
AS_DEFS =
# C defines
C_DEFS = \
-DUSE_HAL_DRIVER \
-DSTM32F103xB
# AS includes
AS_INCLUDES =
# C includes
C_INCLUDES = \
-IInc \
# compile gcc flags
ASFLAGS = $(MCU) $(AS_DEFS) $(AS_INCLUDES) $(OPT) -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections
CFLAGS = $(MCU) $(C_DEFS) $(C_INCLUDES) $(OPT) -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections
ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
CFLAGS += -g -gdwarf-2
endif
# Generate dependency information
CFLAGS += -MMD -MP -MF"$(@:%.o=%.d)"
# link script
LDSCRIPT = STM32F103RBTx_FLASH.ld
# libraries
LIBS = -lc -lm -lnosys
LIBDIR =
LDFLAGS = $(MCU) -specs=nano.specs -T$(LDSCRIPT) $(LIBDIR) $(LIBS) -Wl,-Map=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections
# default action: build all
all: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).hex $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).bin
#edit begin
master: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(MASTER).elf $(BUILD_DIR)/$(MASTER).hex $(BUILD_DIR)/$(MASTER).bin
slave: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(SLAVE).elf $(BUILD_DIR)/$(SLAVE).hex $(BUILD_DIR)/$(SLAVE).bin
#edit end
#######################################
# build the application
#######################################
# list of objects
OBJECTS = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(C_SOURCES:.c=.o)))
vpath %.c $(sort $(dir $(C_SOURCES)))
# list of ASM program objects
OBJECTS += $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(ASM_SOURCES:.s=.o)))
vpath %.s $(sort $(dir $(ASM_SOURCES)))
$(info OBJECTS is $(OBJECTS))
#edit begin
MASTER_OBJ = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(MASTER_SOURCES:.c=.o)))
vpath %.c $(sort $(dir $(MASTER_SOURCES)))
$(info MASTER_OBJ is $(MASTER_OBJ))
MASTER_OBJ += $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(ASM_SOURCES:.s=.o)))
vpath %.s $(sort $(dir $(ASM_SOURCES)))
#edit end
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.c Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR)
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -Wa,-a,-ad,-alms=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(notdir $(<:.c=.lst)) $< -o $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.s Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR)
$(AS) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS) Makefile
$(CC) $(OBJECTS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
$(SZ) $@
#edit begin
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(MASTER).elf: $(MASTER_OBJ) Makefile
$(CC) $(MASTER_OBJ) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
$(SZ) $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(SLAVE).elf: $(SLAVE_OBJ) Makefile
$(CC) $(SLAVE_OBJ) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
$(SZ) $@
#edit end
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.hex: $(BUILD_DIR)/%.elf | $(BUILD_DIR)
$(HEX) $< $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.bin: $(BUILD_DIR)/%.elf | $(BUILD_DIR)
$(BIN) $< $@
$(BUILD_DIR):
mkdir $@
clean:
-rm -fR $(BUILD_DIR)
-include $(wildcard $(BUILD_DIR)/*.d)
# *** EOF ***
终端中 sudo make 的结果：
OBJECTS is build/main.o
MASTER_OBJ is build/master.o
mkdir build
arm-none-eabi-gcc -c -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DSTM32F103xB -IInc -Og -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -g -gdwarf-2 -MMD -MP -MF"build/main.d" -Wa,-a,-ad,-alms=build/main.lst Src/main.c -o build/main.o
arm-none-eabi-gcc build/main.o -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -specs=nano.specs -TSTM32F103RBTx_FLASH.ld -lc -lm -lnosys -Wl,-Map=build/myproject.map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections -o build/myproject.elf
arm-none-eabi-size build/myproject.elf
text data bss dec hex filename
88 8 1568 1664 680 build/myproject.elf
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex build/myproject.elf build/myproject.hex
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary -S build/myproject.elf build/myproject.bin
如您所见，代码编译没有错误。
和 sudo make master 的结果（在 运行 sudo make clean 之后）：
MASTER_OBJ is build/master.o
mkdir build
arm-none-eabi-gcc -c -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DSTM32F103xB -IInc -IDrivers/STM32F1xx_HAL_Driver/Inc -IDrivers/STM32F1xx_HAL_Driver/Inc/Legacy -IDrivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F1xx/Include -IDrivers/CMSIS/Include -Og -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -g -gdwarf-2 -MMD -MP -MF"build/master.d" -Wa,-a,-ad,-alms=build/master.lst Src/master.c -o build/master.o
arm-none-eabi-gcc build/master.o -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -specs=nano.specs -TSTM32F103RBTx_FLASH.ld -lc -lm -lnosys -Wl,-Map=build/dual-interface.map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections -o build/master.elf
c:/program files (x86)/gnu arm embedded toolchain/10 2021.10/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: warning: cannot find entry symbol Reset_Handler; defaulting to 08000000
arm-none-eabi-size build/master.elf
text data bss dec hex filename
88 8 1568 1664 680 build/master.elf
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex build/master.elf build/master.hex
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary -S build/master.elf build/master.bin
arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DSTM32F103xB -IInc -IDrivers/STM32F1xx_HAL_Driver/Inc -IDrivers/STM32F1xx_HAL_Driver/Inc/Legacy -IDrivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F1xx/Include -IDrivers/CMSIS/Include -Og -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -g -gdwarf-2 -MMD -MP -MF"master" -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -specs=nano.specs -TSTM32F103RBTx_FLASH.ld -lc -lm -lnosys -Wl,-Map=build/dual-interface.map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections Src/master.c build/master.elf build/master.hex build/master.bin -o master
c:/program files (x86)/gnu arm embedded toolchain/10 2021.10/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: build/master.elf: in function `_init':
(.text+0x40): multiple definition of `_init'; c:/program files (x86)/gnu arm embedded toolchain/10 2021.10/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/thumb/v7-m/nofp/crti.o:(.init+0x0): first defined here
c:/program files (x86)/gnu arm embedded toolchain/10 2021.10/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: build/master.elf: in function `_fini':
(.text+0x4c): multiple definition of `_fini'; c:/program files (x86)/gnu arm embedded toolchain/10 2021.10/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/thumb/v7-m/nofp/crti.o:(.fini+0x0): first defined here
build/master.bin: file not recognized: file format not recognized
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [master] Error 1
我该如何解决这个问题？
您可以使用“gnu make”和“arm-none-eabi-gcc”作为编译器重现 windows 中的错误。在 linux 和 stdint.h 错误的情况下，您还需要安装提到的软件包之一 here.
最后一个gcc 运行 ...
arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DSTM32F103xB -IInc -Og -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -g -gdwarf-2 -MMD -MP -MF"master" -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -specs=nano.specs -TSTM32F103RBTx_FLASH.ld -lc -lm -lnosys -Wl,-Map=build/myproject.map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections Src/master.c build/master.elf build/master.hex -o master
... 产生错误，本身就是错误的。它来自哪里？
注意末尾的 -o master：makefile 中没有规定其配方会产生这样的编译，但它正在构建一个同名的文件，master，如目标目标。 这是从 correspondingly-named C 源文件构建可执行文件的 built-in 隐式规则 练习的结果。
有几种情况导致了这一点。
请求构建目标 master。在这种情况下，它是目标目标，但它也足以成为 make 想要构建的另一个目标的先决条件。
makefile 不提供构建 master 的任何方法。
有一个名为 master.c 的源文件。虽然它在子目录 Src 中，但有一个 %vpath 指令告诉 make 将该目录中的文件视为它们出现在项目根目录中。
此外，
- built-in 规则显然在编译命令中包含目标
master（build/master.elf 和 build/master.hex）的声明先决条件。对于我检查过的 make 版本，这没有记录或标准，这是 multiple-definition 错误的原因：gcc 正在构建可执行文件，因此它提供标准 _init 和 _fini 函数，但是包含在 link 中的 already-built 可执行文件 build/master.elf 也有这些。
由于您实际上并不想要构建一个名为 master 的文件，因此一个好的解决方案是声明该目标是虚假的：
.PHONY: master
这有几个有用的效果，但对于您的目的而言，关键是它会导致跳过针对该目标的隐式规则搜索。
这个问题是对应this问题创建的repex。
在我的嵌入式 C 项目中，我有两个独立的板，我想为每个板创建两个 .c 文件（master.c 和 slave.c），每个板包含它们自己的特定 main() 函数.
我已经使用 stm32cumbemx 生成项目，其中包含 main.c、makefile 和其他来源以及 headers（我想将 main.c 替换为 master.c 和 slave.c 手动）。 这是项目的文件夹结构（为简单起见，我删除了 slave.c）：
.
├── Inc
│ └── main.h
├── Makefile
├── Src
│ ├── main.c
│ └── master.c
└── STM32F103RBTx_FLASH.ld
main.h:
#ifndef __MAIN_H
#define __MAIN_H
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* __MAIN_H */
main.c:
#include "main.h"
int variable = 1;
void function(void);
int main() {
variable += 1;
while(1){}
}
void function(void) {
int something = 0;
something++;
}
master.c:
#include "main.h"
int variable = 1;
int variable2;
void function(void);
void function2(void);
int main() {
variable += 1;
while(1){
function2();
}
}
void function(void) {
int something = 0;
something++;
}
void function2(void) {
variable2++;
}
STM32F103RBTx_FlASH.ld:
/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = 0x20005000; /* end of RAM */
/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200; /* required amount of heap */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */
/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
RAM (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 20K
FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x8000000, LENGTH = 128K
}
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
.isr_vector :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH
/* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
*(.eh_frame)
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
. = ALIGN(4);
_etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
} >FLASH
/* Constant data goes into FLASH */
.rodata :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH
.ARM.extab : { *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*) } >FLASH
.ARM : {
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} >FLASH
.preinit_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
} >FLASH
.init_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.init_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
} >FLASH
.fini_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
} >FLASH
/* used by the startup to initialize data */
_sidata = LOADADDR(.data);
/* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
.data :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
_sdata = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
. = ALIGN(4);
_edata = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
} >RAM AT> FLASH
/* Uninitialized data section */
. = ALIGN(4);
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */
_sbss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss start */
__bss_start__ = _sbss;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
_ebss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss end */
__bss_end__ = _ebss;
} >RAM
/* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
._user_heap_stack :
{
. = ALIGN(8);
PROVIDE ( end = . );
PROVIDE ( _end = . );
. = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
. = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
. = ALIGN(8);
} >RAM
/* Remove information from the standard libraries */
/DISCARD/ :
{
libc.a ( * )
libm.a ( * )
libgcc.a ( * )
}
.ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
}
和makefile（我添加到pre-generated文件的部分在#edit begin和#edit end之间评论：
TARGET = myproject
#edit begin
MASTER = master
SLAVE = slave
#edit end
DEBUG = 1
# optimization
OPT = -Og
BUILD_DIR = build
# C sources
C_SOURCES = \
Src/main.c
#edint begin
SLAVE_SOURCES = \
Src/slave.c
MASTER_SOURCES = \
Src/master.c \
#edit end
PREFIX = arm-none-eabi-
# The gcc compiler bin path can be either defined in make command via GCC_PATH variable (> make GCC_PATH=xxx)
# either it can be added to the PATH environment variable.
ifdef GCC_PATH
CC = $(GCC_PATH)/$(PREFIX)gcc
AS = $(GCC_PATH)/$(PREFIX)gcc -x assembler-with-cpp
CP = $(GCC_PATH)/$(PREFIX)objcopy
SZ = $(GCC_PATH)/$(PREFIX)size
else
CC = $(PREFIX)gcc
AS = $(PREFIX)gcc -x assembler-with-cpp
CP = $(PREFIX)objcopy
SZ = $(PREFIX)size
endif
HEX = $(CP) -O ihex
BIN = $(CP) -O binary -S
CPU = -mcpu=cortex-m3
# fpu
# NONE for Cortex-M0/M0+/M3
# float-abi
# mcu
MCU = $(CPU) -mthumb $(FPU) $(FLOAT-ABI)
# macros for gcc
# AS defines
AS_DEFS =
# C defines
C_DEFS = \
-DUSE_HAL_DRIVER \
-DSTM32F103xB
# AS includes
AS_INCLUDES =
# C includes
C_INCLUDES = \
-IInc \
# compile gcc flags
ASFLAGS = $(MCU) $(AS_DEFS) $(AS_INCLUDES) $(OPT) -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections
CFLAGS = $(MCU) $(C_DEFS) $(C_INCLUDES) $(OPT) -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections
ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
CFLAGS += -g -gdwarf-2
endif
# Generate dependency information
CFLAGS += -MMD -MP -MF"$(@:%.o=%.d)"
# link script
LDSCRIPT = STM32F103RBTx_FLASH.ld
# libraries
LIBS = -lc -lm -lnosys
LIBDIR =
LDFLAGS = $(MCU) -specs=nano.specs -T$(LDSCRIPT) $(LIBDIR) $(LIBS) -Wl,-Map=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections
# default action: build all
all: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).hex $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).bin
#edit begin
master: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(MASTER).elf $(BUILD_DIR)/$(MASTER).hex $(BUILD_DIR)/$(MASTER).bin
slave: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(SLAVE).elf $(BUILD_DIR)/$(SLAVE).hex $(BUILD_DIR)/$(SLAVE).bin
#edit end
#######################################
# build the application
#######################################
# list of objects
OBJECTS = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(C_SOURCES:.c=.o)))
vpath %.c $(sort $(dir $(C_SOURCES)))
# list of ASM program objects
OBJECTS += $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(ASM_SOURCES:.s=.o)))
vpath %.s $(sort $(dir $(ASM_SOURCES)))
$(info OBJECTS is $(OBJECTS))
#edit begin
MASTER_OBJ = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(MASTER_SOURCES:.c=.o)))
vpath %.c $(sort $(dir $(MASTER_SOURCES)))
$(info MASTER_OBJ is $(MASTER_OBJ))
MASTER_OBJ += $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(ASM_SOURCES:.s=.o)))
vpath %.s $(sort $(dir $(ASM_SOURCES)))
#edit end
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.c Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR)
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -Wa,-a,-ad,-alms=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(notdir $(<:.c=.lst)) $< -o $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.s Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR)
$(AS) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS) Makefile
$(CC) $(OBJECTS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
$(SZ) $@
#edit begin
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(MASTER).elf: $(MASTER_OBJ) Makefile
$(CC) $(MASTER_OBJ) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
$(SZ) $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(SLAVE).elf: $(SLAVE_OBJ) Makefile
$(CC) $(SLAVE_OBJ) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
$(SZ) $@
#edit end
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.hex: $(BUILD_DIR)/%.elf | $(BUILD_DIR)
$(HEX) $< $@
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.bin: $(BUILD_DIR)/%.elf | $(BUILD_DIR)
$(BIN) $< $@
$(BUILD_DIR):
mkdir $@
clean:
-rm -fR $(BUILD_DIR)
-include $(wildcard $(BUILD_DIR)/*.d)
# *** EOF ***
终端中 sudo make 的结果：
OBJECTS is build/main.o
MASTER_OBJ is build/master.o
mkdir build
arm-none-eabi-gcc -c -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DSTM32F103xB -IInc -Og -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -g -gdwarf-2 -MMD -MP -MF"build/main.d" -Wa,-a,-ad,-alms=build/main.lst Src/main.c -o build/main.o
arm-none-eabi-gcc build/main.o -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -specs=nano.specs -TSTM32F103RBTx_FLASH.ld -lc -lm -lnosys -Wl,-Map=build/myproject.map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections -o build/myproject.elf
arm-none-eabi-size build/myproject.elf
text data bss dec hex filename
88 8 1568 1664 680 build/myproject.elf
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex build/myproject.elf build/myproject.hex
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary -S build/myproject.elf build/myproject.bin
如您所见，代码编译没有错误。
和 sudo make master 的结果（在 运行 sudo make clean 之后）：
MASTER_OBJ is build/master.o
mkdir build
arm-none-eabi-gcc -c -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DSTM32F103xB -IInc -IDrivers/STM32F1xx_HAL_Driver/Inc -IDrivers/STM32F1xx_HAL_Driver/Inc/Legacy -IDrivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F1xx/Include -IDrivers/CMSIS/Include -Og -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -g -gdwarf-2 -MMD -MP -MF"build/master.d" -Wa,-a,-ad,-alms=build/master.lst Src/master.c -o build/master.o
arm-none-eabi-gcc build/master.o -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -specs=nano.specs -TSTM32F103RBTx_FLASH.ld -lc -lm -lnosys -Wl,-Map=build/dual-interface.map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections -o build/master.elf
c:/program files (x86)/gnu arm embedded toolchain/10 2021.10/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: warning: cannot find entry symbol Reset_Handler; defaulting to 08000000
arm-none-eabi-size build/master.elf
text data bss dec hex filename
88 8 1568 1664 680 build/master.elf
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex build/master.elf build/master.hex
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary -S build/master.elf build/master.bin
arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DSTM32F103xB -IInc -IDrivers/STM32F1xx_HAL_Driver/Inc -IDrivers/STM32F1xx_HAL_Driver/Inc/Legacy -IDrivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F1xx/Include -IDrivers/CMSIS/Include -Og -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -g -gdwarf-2 -MMD -MP -MF"master" -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -specs=nano.specs -TSTM32F103RBTx_FLASH.ld -lc -lm -lnosys -Wl,-Map=build/dual-interface.map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections Src/master.c build/master.elf build/master.hex build/master.bin -o master
c:/program files (x86)/gnu arm embedded toolchain/10 2021.10/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: build/master.elf: in function `_init':
(.text+0x40): multiple definition of `_init'; c:/program files (x86)/gnu arm embedded toolchain/10 2021.10/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/thumb/v7-m/nofp/crti.o:(.init+0x0): first defined here
c:/program files (x86)/gnu arm embedded toolchain/10 2021.10/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: build/master.elf: in function `_fini':
(.text+0x4c): multiple definition of `_fini'; c:/program files (x86)/gnu arm embedded toolchain/10 2021.10/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/thumb/v7-m/nofp/crti.o:(.fini+0x0): first defined here
build/master.bin: file not recognized: file format not recognized
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [master] Error 1
我该如何解决这个问题？
您可以使用“gnu make”和“arm-none-eabi-gcc”作为编译器重现 windows 中的错误。在 linux 和 stdint.h 错误的情况下，您还需要安装提到的软件包之一 here.
最后一个gcc 运行 ...
arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DSTM32F103xB -IInc -Og -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -g -gdwarf-2 -MMD -MP -MF"master" -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -specs=nano.specs -TSTM32F103RBTx_FLASH.ld -lc -lm -lnosys -Wl,-Map=build/myproject.map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections Src/master.c build/master.elf build/master.hex -o master
... 产生错误，本身就是错误的。它来自哪里？
注意末尾的 -o master：makefile 中没有规定其配方会产生这样的编译，但它正在构建一个同名的文件，master，如目标目标。 这是从 correspondingly-named C 源文件构建可执行文件的 built-in 隐式规则 练习的结果。
有几种情况导致了这一点。
请求构建目标
master。在这种情况下，它是目标目标，但它也足以成为make想要构建的另一个目标的先决条件。makefile 不提供构建
master的任何方法。有一个名为
master.c的源文件。虽然它在子目录Src中，但有一个%vpath指令告诉make将该目录中的文件视为它们出现在项目根目录中。
此外，
- built-in 规则显然在编译命令中包含目标
master（build/master.elf和build/master.hex）的声明先决条件。对于我检查过的make版本，这没有记录或标准，这是 multiple-definition 错误的原因：gcc 正在构建可执行文件，因此它提供标准_init和_fini函数，但是包含在 link 中的 already-built 可执行文件build/master.elf也有这些。
由于您实际上并不想要构建一个名为 master 的文件，因此一个好的解决方案是声明该目标是虚假的：
.PHONY: master
这有几个有用的效果，但对于您的目的而言，关键是它会导致跳过针对该目标的隐式规则搜索。