使用不安全指针从 []string 获取值
use unsafe pointer to get value from a []string
我正在尝试了解指针的工作原理。为什么以下示例不起作用?
package main
import (
"fmt"
"unsafe"
)
type SliceOfStrings []string
// function that creates an slice of []string
// returns interface{} cause I am interested on learning how pointers work
func Create() interface{} {
var mySlice1 SliceOfStrings = make([]string, 0)
mySlice1 = append(mySlice1, "str1")
mySlice1 = append(mySlice1, "str2")
// return a slice with as ["str1","str2"]
return mySlice1
}
func main() {
x := Create()
// 0xc000021940
fmt.Printf("address of x is %p \n", &x)
// get unsafe pointer to address of x
// unsafe pointer. Prints 0xc000021940
p1 := unsafe.Pointer(&x)
fmt.Println(p1)
// unsigned pointer. Prints 824633858368
p2 := uintptr(p1)
fmt.Println(p2)
// prints same value as p1 0xc000021940
p3 := unsafe.Pointer(p2)
fmt.Println(p3)
// Make p4 point to same address as 0xc000021940
p4 := (*SliceOfStrings)(p3)
//fmt.Println(p4)
// why this does not print "str1" ??
fmt.Println((*p4)[0])
// I get error: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference
}
Create()
return 是 interface{}
类型的值,所以 x
的类型是 interface{}
,所以 &x
的类型是 *interface{}
,并且 不是 *SliceOfStrings
。所以 x
指向 interface{}
值而不是 SliceOfStrings
值!
如果您从 Create()
的 return 值 type assert SliceOfStrings
,它有效:
x := Create().(SliceOfStrings)
还要在你的main()
末尾加上runtime.KeepAlive(x)
,因为如果你不再引用x
,它随时都可能被垃圾回收。
通过此更改,它可以工作并输出 str1
。在 Go Playground.
上试试
一般来说,尽量远离包裹unsafe
。您可以在没有包的情况下学习和使用指针 unsafe
。仅将 unsafe
视为 last-last 度假胜地!
我能够理解为什么会这样:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"unsafe"
)
type SliceOfStrings []string
// when passing a slice to a method you are passing this data. Lets prove it
type SliceHeader struct {
Data uintptr
Len int
Cap int
}
func main() {
// On go everything is passed by coping values. When you pass a slice to a function you are passing this:
// reference:
/*
type SliceHeader struct {
Data uintptr
Len int
Cap int
}
*/
// create a new slice
var mySlice1 SliceOfStrings = make([]string, 0)
// when appending we need to keep the new content that is why we reasig it
mySlice1 = append(mySlice1, "str1")
mySlice1 = append(mySlice1, "str2")
// in other words this will make no sense:
// _ = append(mySlice1, "str3") // doing this will lose the new header value
// lets see the content of header mySlice
var pointerToMySlice1 = unsafe.Pointer(&mySlice1)
var header *SliceHeader = ((*SliceHeader)(pointerToMySlice1))
fmt.Println(*header)
// {824634220576 2 2}
// lets copy that header to another slice
var copy SliceOfStrings = mySlice1
var pointerToCopy = unsafe.Pointer(©)
header = ((*SliceHeader)(pointerToCopy))
fmt.Println(*header)
// prints the same thing
// {824634220576 2 2}
// now lets do the same thing but with an interface
var copy2 interface{} = mySlice1
var pointerToCopy2 = unsafe.Pointer(©2)
header = ((*SliceHeader)(pointerToCopy2))
fmt.Println(*header)
// this prints!
// {4845280 824634375976 0}
// I dont understand why this happens. But this is the reason why the example does not work
// I was trying to access an array from memory address 4845280 that is wrong
// now lets do what izca told us
var copy3 interface{} = mySlice1
tmp := (copy3).(SliceOfStrings)
var pointerToCopy3 = unsafe.Pointer(&tmp)
header = ((*SliceHeader)(pointerToCopy3))
fmt.Println(*header)
// this prints!
// {824634220576 2 2}
// that is the correct value
// lets try to get the array from that memory address (824634220576)
pointerToActualArray := unsafe.Pointer(header.Data)
// lets cast that to (*[2]string)
var pointerFinal *[2]string = ((*[2]string)(pointerToActualArray))
// now print the first value
fmt.Println((*pointerFinal)[0])
// prints str1
}
我正在尝试了解指针的工作原理。为什么以下示例不起作用?
package main
import (
"fmt"
"unsafe"
)
type SliceOfStrings []string
// function that creates an slice of []string
// returns interface{} cause I am interested on learning how pointers work
func Create() interface{} {
var mySlice1 SliceOfStrings = make([]string, 0)
mySlice1 = append(mySlice1, "str1")
mySlice1 = append(mySlice1, "str2")
// return a slice with as ["str1","str2"]
return mySlice1
}
func main() {
x := Create()
// 0xc000021940
fmt.Printf("address of x is %p \n", &x)
// get unsafe pointer to address of x
// unsafe pointer. Prints 0xc000021940
p1 := unsafe.Pointer(&x)
fmt.Println(p1)
// unsigned pointer. Prints 824633858368
p2 := uintptr(p1)
fmt.Println(p2)
// prints same value as p1 0xc000021940
p3 := unsafe.Pointer(p2)
fmt.Println(p3)
// Make p4 point to same address as 0xc000021940
p4 := (*SliceOfStrings)(p3)
//fmt.Println(p4)
// why this does not print "str1" ??
fmt.Println((*p4)[0])
// I get error: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference
}
Create()
return 是 interface{}
类型的值,所以 x
的类型是 interface{}
,所以 &x
的类型是 *interface{}
,并且 不是 *SliceOfStrings
。所以 x
指向 interface{}
值而不是 SliceOfStrings
值!
如果您从 Create()
的 return 值 type assert SliceOfStrings
,它有效:
x := Create().(SliceOfStrings)
还要在你的main()
末尾加上runtime.KeepAlive(x)
,因为如果你不再引用x
,它随时都可能被垃圾回收。
通过此更改,它可以工作并输出 str1
。在 Go Playground.
一般来说,尽量远离包裹unsafe
。您可以在没有包的情况下学习和使用指针 unsafe
。仅将 unsafe
视为 last-last 度假胜地!
我能够理解为什么会这样:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"unsafe"
)
type SliceOfStrings []string
// when passing a slice to a method you are passing this data. Lets prove it
type SliceHeader struct {
Data uintptr
Len int
Cap int
}
func main() {
// On go everything is passed by coping values. When you pass a slice to a function you are passing this:
// reference:
/*
type SliceHeader struct {
Data uintptr
Len int
Cap int
}
*/
// create a new slice
var mySlice1 SliceOfStrings = make([]string, 0)
// when appending we need to keep the new content that is why we reasig it
mySlice1 = append(mySlice1, "str1")
mySlice1 = append(mySlice1, "str2")
// in other words this will make no sense:
// _ = append(mySlice1, "str3") // doing this will lose the new header value
// lets see the content of header mySlice
var pointerToMySlice1 = unsafe.Pointer(&mySlice1)
var header *SliceHeader = ((*SliceHeader)(pointerToMySlice1))
fmt.Println(*header)
// {824634220576 2 2}
// lets copy that header to another slice
var copy SliceOfStrings = mySlice1
var pointerToCopy = unsafe.Pointer(©)
header = ((*SliceHeader)(pointerToCopy))
fmt.Println(*header)
// prints the same thing
// {824634220576 2 2}
// now lets do the same thing but with an interface
var copy2 interface{} = mySlice1
var pointerToCopy2 = unsafe.Pointer(©2)
header = ((*SliceHeader)(pointerToCopy2))
fmt.Println(*header)
// this prints!
// {4845280 824634375976 0}
// I dont understand why this happens. But this is the reason why the example does not work
// I was trying to access an array from memory address 4845280 that is wrong
// now lets do what izca told us
var copy3 interface{} = mySlice1
tmp := (copy3).(SliceOfStrings)
var pointerToCopy3 = unsafe.Pointer(&tmp)
header = ((*SliceHeader)(pointerToCopy3))
fmt.Println(*header)
// this prints!
// {824634220576 2 2}
// that is the correct value
// lets try to get the array from that memory address (824634220576)
pointerToActualArray := unsafe.Pointer(header.Data)
// lets cast that to (*[2]string)
var pointerFinal *[2]string = ((*[2]string)(pointerToActualArray))
// now print the first value
fmt.Println((*pointerFinal)[0])
// prints str1
}