django rest framework 是否从数据库中查询单个实例的所有对象?

Does django rest framework query all objects from database for a single instance?

使用 RetrieveAPIView 时必须定义 queryset,通常定义为 queryset = <Model>.objects.all()

为什么检索单个实例需要加载所有对象?

您没有加载所有对象。查询集 评估。 RetrieveAPIView [classy-drf] 将使用查询集作为基础进行查询。事实上,在.retrieve(…)方法中,它会获取对象:

def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    instance = self.get_object()
    serializer = self.get_serializer(instance)
    return Response(serializer.data)

.get_object(…) 方法,它将获取单个对象:

def get_object(self):
    """
    Returns the object the view is displaying.

    You may want to override this if you need to provide non-standard
    queryset lookups.  Eg if objects are referenced using multiple
    keyword arguments in the url conf.
    """
    queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())

    # Perform the lookup filtering.
    lookup_url_kwarg = self.lookup_url_kwarg or self.lookup_field

    assert lookup_url_kwarg in self.kwargs, (
        'Expected view %s to be called with a URL keyword argument '
        'named "%s". Fix your URL conf, or set the `.lookup_field` '
        'attribute on the view correctly.' %
        (self.__class__.__name__, lookup_url_kwarg)
    )

    filter_kwargs = {self.lookup_field: self.kwargs[lookup_url_kwarg]}
    obj = get_object_or_404(queryset, **filter_kwargs)

    # May raise a permission denied
    self.check_object_permissions(self.request, obj)

    return obj

因此,例如,它会归结为 get_object_or_404(MyModel.objects.all(), pk=42),这将进行查询以获取具有主键 42 的单个记录。 QuerySet 是惰性的:MyModel.objects.all() 评估,除非查询集被消耗,但这里它因此用于构造一个新的查询集,最终将获取一个单条记录。