错误 TS2307：找不到模块 'path' 或其对应的类型声明。尝试使用 Knex 在 heroku 应用程序中迁移时

Question

我想迁移一个 SQlite 数据库：

knex --knexfile knexfile.ts migrate:latest

然而，这给出了以下打字稿错误：

⨯ Unable to compile TypeScript:
knexfile.ts:1:18 - error TS2307: Cannot find module 'path' or its corresponding type declarations.

1 import path from 'path';
                   ~~~~~~
knexfile.ts:4:1 - error TS2580: Cannot find name 'module'. Do you need to install type definitions for node? Try `npm i --save-dev @types/node`.

4 module.exports = {
  ~~~~~~
knexfile.ts:7:28 - error TS2304: Cannot find name '__dirname'.

7     filename: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src', 'database', 'database.sqlite'),
                             ~~~~~~~~~
knexfile.ts:10:29 - error TS2304: Cannot find name '__dirname'.

10     directory: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src', 'database', 'migrations'),
                               ~~~~~~~~~
knexfile.ts:13:29 - error TS2304: Cannot find name '__dirname'.

13     directory: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src', 'database', 'seeds'),
                               ~~~~~~~~~

TSError: ⨯ Unable to compile TypeScript:
knexfile.ts:1:18 - error TS2307: Cannot find module 'path' or its corresponding type declarations.

1 import path from 'path';
                   ~~~~~~
knexfile.ts:4:1 - error TS2580: Cannot find name 'module'. Do you need to install type definitions for node? Try `npm i --save-dev @types/node`.

4 module.exports = {
  ~~~~~~
knexfile.ts:7:28 - error TS2304: Cannot find name '__dirname'.

7     filename: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src', 'database', 'database.sqlite'),
                             ~~~~~~~~~
knexfile.ts:10:29 - error TS2304: Cannot find name '__dirname'.

10     directory: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src', 'database', 'migrations'),
                               ~~~~~~~~~
knexfile.ts:13:29 - error TS2304: Cannot find name '__dirname'.

13     directory: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src', 'database', 'seeds'),
                               ~~~~~~~~~

下面是我的 knexfile:

import path from 'path';
import 'dotenv/config';

module.exports = {
  client: 'sqlite3',
  connection: {
    filename: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src', 'database', 'database.sqlite'),
  },
  migrations: {
    directory: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src', 'database', 'migrations'),
  },
  seeds: {
    directory: path.resolve(__dirname, 'src', 'database', 'seeds'),
  },
  useNullAsDefault: true,
};

如何解决此类问题？我正在使用以下依赖项：

devDependencies	dependencies
"@types/bcryptjs": "^2.4.2",	"@vscode/sqlite3": "^5.0.8"
"@types/cors": "^2.8.7",	"bcryptjs": "^2.4.3"
"@types/express": "^4.17.7",	"cors": "^2.8.5"
"@types/jsonwebtoken": "^8.5.8"	"dotenv": "^8.2.0"
"@types/node": "^17.0.24"	"express": "^4.17.1"
"knex-types": "^0.3.2"	"jsonwebtoken": "^8.5.1"
"ts-node-dev": "^1.0.0-pre.56"	"knex": "^1.0.7"
"typescript": "^4.6.3"	"ts-node": "^8.10.2"
	"sqlite3": "^5.0.3"

编辑`package.json`文件

{
  "name": "imonitor-server",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "src/server.ts",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node build/src/server.js",
    "postinstall": "tsc",
    "dev": "tsnd --transpile-only --ignore-watch node_modules --respawn src/server.ts",
    "knex:migrate": "knex --knexfile knexfile.ts migrate:latest",
    "knex:seed": "knex --knexfile knexfile.ts seed:run",
    "knex:rollback": "knex --knexfile knexfile.ts migrate:rollback",
    "build": "tsc"
  },
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "git+https://github.com/lucasbbs/imonitor-backend.git"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "engines": {
    "node": "16.14.0",
    "npm": "8.3.1"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "bugs": {
    "url": "https://github.com/lucasbbs/imonitor-backend/issues"
  },
  "homepage": "https://github.com/lucasbbs/imonitor-backend#readme",
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/bcryptjs": "^2.4.2",
    "@types/cors": "^2.8.7",
    "@types/express": "^4.17.7",
    "@types/jsonwebtoken": "^8.5.8",
    "@types/node": "^17.0.24",
    "knex-types": "^0.3.2",
    "ts-node-dev": "^1.0.0-pre.56",
    "typescript": "^4.6.3"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@vscode/sqlite3": "^5.0.8",
    "bcryptjs": "^2.4.3",
    "cors": "^2.8.5",
    "dotenv": "^8.2.0",
    "express": "^4.17.1",
    "jsonwebtoken": "^8.5.1",
    "knex": "^1.0.7",
    "pg": "^8.3.0",
    "sqlite3": "^5.0.3",
    "ts-node": "^8.10.2"
  }
}

Answer 1

TypeScript

这里的直接问题是您在运行时尝试使用 TypeScript，但您已将 @types/node 定义为开发依赖项。默认情况下，Heroku strips devDependencies from your project after building it.

一种选择是 skip the pruning step，这将使您的 devDependencies 保持原样，但这可能不是正确的选择。通常您会希望去除这些依赖项。除其他原因外，这还减小了应用程序 slug 的大小。

另一种选择是将 @types/node 从 devDependencies 移动到 dependencies。但我也不认为这是正确的举动。我的直觉告诉你根本不应该在生产中使用 TypeScript。

由于您的 build 脚本只是运行s tsc，我想知道它是否已经将您的 knexfile.ts 编译为 knexfile.js。如果是这样，您可以尝试运行直接 JavaScript 文件：

knex --knexfile knexfile.js migrate:latest

由于这是 Knex 查找的默认文件，您实际上可以完全跳过该参数：

knex migrate:latest

SQLite

这应该让您的迁移继续进行，但您将运行进入另一个问题：Heroku 的 ephemeral filesystem 使 SQLite 成为一个糟糕的数据库选择。

您对数据库所做的任何更改，包括迁移引入的架构更改，都将在您的 dyno 重新启动时丢失。这 happens frequently（每天至少一次）。

要解决该问题，您需要从 SQLite 切换到 client-server 数据库。如果您愿意，可以使用 Heroku 自己的 Postgres service is a reasonable starting point, but there are other database addons。您还可以在云的其他地方托管自己的数据库，例如在 Microsoft Azure 或 AWS 上。

错误 TS2307：找不到模块 'path' 或其对应的类型声明。尝试使用 Knex 在 heroku 应用程序中迁移时

error TS2307: Cannot find module 'path' or its corresponding type declarations. when trying to migrate in heroku app with Knex

heroku

database-migration

dirname

typescript

knex.js

编辑`package.json`文件

TypeScript

SQLite

错误 TS2307：找不到模块 'path' 或其对应的类型声明。尝试使用 Knex 在 heroku 应用程序中迁移时

error TS2307: Cannot find module 'path' or its corresponding type declarations. when trying to migrate in heroku app with Knex

heroku

database-migration

dirname

typescript

knex.js

编辑package.json文件

TypeScript

SQLite

编辑`package.json`文件