OpenGL 纹理显示为黑色
OpenGL texture displaying as black
我第一次将 OpenGL 与 GLFW、GLEW 和 GLM 一起使用。我或多或少地遵循了一个教程,但也转移了注意力以专注于我目前感兴趣的方面。
目前,我正在尝试将像素绘制到纹理上,然后将其作为全屏四边形显示在屏幕上。但是,纹理总是显示为黑色,我不确定哪里出错了。
在此处初始化纹理(以及全屏四边形):
int InitializeRenderTarget(GameManager* gameManager)
{
// Vertex Array Object
GLuint vertexArrayID;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertexArrayID);
glBindVertexArray(vertexArrayID);
programID = LoadShaders("Source/Graphics/SimpleVertexShader.vert", "Source/Graphics/RenderTextureFragmentShader.frag");
// The texture we're going to render to
glGenTextures(1, &renderedTexture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderedTexture);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB,
gameManager->GRID_SIZE, gameManager->GRID_SIZE,
0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
// The fullscreen quad's FBO
static const GLfloat g_quad_vertex_buffer_data[] = {
-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, //0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, //1.0f, 0.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //0.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, //1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //1.0f, 1.0f
};
glGenBuffers(1, &quad_vertexbuffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, quad_vertexbuffer);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_quad_vertex_buffer_data), g_quad_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
texID = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "renderedTexture");
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
return 0;
}
在此处绘制纹理:
void RenderToTexture(GameManager* gameManager)
{
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderedTexture);
float* particleColors = gameManager->getParticleColors();
glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA,
gameManager->GRID_SIZE, gameManager->GRID_SIZE,
0, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, (GLvoid*)particleColors);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
// Poor filtering
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
}
在此处绘制屏幕:
void RenderToScreen()
{
// Render to the screen
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
// Render on the whole framebuffer, complete from the lower left corner to the upper right
glViewport(100, 100, screenWidth-200, screenHeight-200);
// Clear the screen
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.4f, 0.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// Use our shader
glUseProgram(programID);
// Bind our texture in Texture Unit 0
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderedTexture);
// Set our "renderedTexture" sampler to use Texture Unit 0
glUniform1i(texID, 0);
// 1rst attribute buffer : vertices
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, quad_vertexbuffer);
glVertexAttribPointer(
0, // attribute 0. No particular reason for 0, but must match the layout in the shader.
3, // size
GL_FLOAT, // type
GL_FALSE, // normalized?
0, // stride
(void*)0 // array buffer offset
);
// Draw the triangles !
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6); // 2*3 indices starting at 0 -> 2 triangles
glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
// Swap buffers
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
主循环:
int main(void)
{
if (InitializeWindow() != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open GLFW window.\n");
getchar();
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
GameManager* gameManager = gameManager->getInstance();
if (InitializeRenderTarget(gameManager) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize render target.\n");
getchar();
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
do {
gameManager->Update();
RenderToTexture(gameManager);
RenderToScreen();
} // Check if the ESC key was pressed or the window was closed
while (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) != GLFW_PRESS &&
glfwWindowShouldClose(window) == 0);
CleanUp();
return 0;
}
顶点着色器:
#version 460 core
// Input vertex data, different for all executions of this shader.
layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertexPosition_modelspace;
// Output data ; will be interpolated for each fragment.
out vec2 UV;
void main(){
gl_Position = vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace, 1);
UV = (vertexPosition_modelspace.xy+vec2(1,1))/2.0;
}
最后是片段着色器:
#version 460 core
in vec2 UV;
out vec4 color;
uniform sampler2D renderedTexture;
void main(){
color = texture(renderedTexture, UV);
//color = vec4(UV.x, UV.y, 0, 1);
}
我相当确定我正在将四边形正确地绘制到屏幕上,因为我在片段着色器中使用注释掉的线来制作漂亮的彩色渐变效果。
但是,我可能没有正确绑定纹理。
我确认 particleColors
数组确实包含正确的浮点值。我尝试将所有红色设置为 1.0f
,将所有值设置为 1.0f
,将所有值设置为 255.0f
(以防万一)。
我尝试添加如下行:
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
// Poor filtering
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
基于我看到的其他一些帖子,但我还没有看到任何明显的效果。
我还尝试更改顶点和片段着色器计算和使用 UV 的方式,但这只会让事情变得更糟,因为此时甚至不会出现渐变效果。
希望你能弄清楚我错过了什么。感谢您的帮助。
您使用的 glTexSubImage2D
完全错误。第二个和第三个参数是偏移量,第四个和第五个参数是大小:
glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, gameManager->GRID_SIZE, gameManager->GRID_SIZE, 0, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, (GLvoid*)particleColors);
glTexSubImage2D(
GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0,
0, 0, gameManager->GRID_SIZE, gameManager->GRID_SIZE,
GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, (GLvoid*)particleColors);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
只有在使用固定功能管线且没有着色器程序时才有意义。
我想通了。 Rabbid76 的修正是重要的第一步。
之后我对我的像素阵列进行了一些调整,在缩小它之后发现我的纹理底部确实有一条小像素线。更多的探索,我发现我实际上填错了我的像素数据。修复我循环中的错误逻辑,正确填充纹理。
我第一次将 OpenGL 与 GLFW、GLEW 和 GLM 一起使用。我或多或少地遵循了一个教程,但也转移了注意力以专注于我目前感兴趣的方面。
目前,我正在尝试将像素绘制到纹理上,然后将其作为全屏四边形显示在屏幕上。但是,纹理总是显示为黑色,我不确定哪里出错了。
在此处初始化纹理(以及全屏四边形):
int InitializeRenderTarget(GameManager* gameManager)
{
// Vertex Array Object
GLuint vertexArrayID;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertexArrayID);
glBindVertexArray(vertexArrayID);
programID = LoadShaders("Source/Graphics/SimpleVertexShader.vert", "Source/Graphics/RenderTextureFragmentShader.frag");
// The texture we're going to render to
glGenTextures(1, &renderedTexture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderedTexture);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB,
gameManager->GRID_SIZE, gameManager->GRID_SIZE,
0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
// The fullscreen quad's FBO
static const GLfloat g_quad_vertex_buffer_data[] = {
-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, //0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, //1.0f, 0.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //0.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, //1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //1.0f, 1.0f
};
glGenBuffers(1, &quad_vertexbuffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, quad_vertexbuffer);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_quad_vertex_buffer_data), g_quad_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
texID = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "renderedTexture");
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
return 0;
}
在此处绘制纹理:
void RenderToTexture(GameManager* gameManager)
{
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderedTexture);
float* particleColors = gameManager->getParticleColors();
glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA,
gameManager->GRID_SIZE, gameManager->GRID_SIZE,
0, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, (GLvoid*)particleColors);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
// Poor filtering
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
}
在此处绘制屏幕:
void RenderToScreen()
{
// Render to the screen
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
// Render on the whole framebuffer, complete from the lower left corner to the upper right
glViewport(100, 100, screenWidth-200, screenHeight-200);
// Clear the screen
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.4f, 0.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// Use our shader
glUseProgram(programID);
// Bind our texture in Texture Unit 0
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, renderedTexture);
// Set our "renderedTexture" sampler to use Texture Unit 0
glUniform1i(texID, 0);
// 1rst attribute buffer : vertices
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, quad_vertexbuffer);
glVertexAttribPointer(
0, // attribute 0. No particular reason for 0, but must match the layout in the shader.
3, // size
GL_FLOAT, // type
GL_FALSE, // normalized?
0, // stride
(void*)0 // array buffer offset
);
// Draw the triangles !
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6); // 2*3 indices starting at 0 -> 2 triangles
glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
// Swap buffers
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
主循环:
int main(void)
{
if (InitializeWindow() != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open GLFW window.\n");
getchar();
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
GameManager* gameManager = gameManager->getInstance();
if (InitializeRenderTarget(gameManager) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize render target.\n");
getchar();
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
do {
gameManager->Update();
RenderToTexture(gameManager);
RenderToScreen();
} // Check if the ESC key was pressed or the window was closed
while (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) != GLFW_PRESS &&
glfwWindowShouldClose(window) == 0);
CleanUp();
return 0;
}
顶点着色器:
#version 460 core
// Input vertex data, different for all executions of this shader.
layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertexPosition_modelspace;
// Output data ; will be interpolated for each fragment.
out vec2 UV;
void main(){
gl_Position = vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace, 1);
UV = (vertexPosition_modelspace.xy+vec2(1,1))/2.0;
}
最后是片段着色器:
#version 460 core
in vec2 UV;
out vec4 color;
uniform sampler2D renderedTexture;
void main(){
color = texture(renderedTexture, UV);
//color = vec4(UV.x, UV.y, 0, 1);
}
我相当确定我正在将四边形正确地绘制到屏幕上,因为我在片段着色器中使用注释掉的线来制作漂亮的彩色渐变效果。 但是,我可能没有正确绑定纹理。
我确认 particleColors
数组确实包含正确的浮点值。我尝试将所有红色设置为 1.0f
,将所有值设置为 1.0f
,将所有值设置为 255.0f
(以防万一)。
我尝试添加如下行:
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
// Poor filtering
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
基于我看到的其他一些帖子,但我还没有看到任何明显的效果。
我还尝试更改顶点和片段着色器计算和使用 UV 的方式,但这只会让事情变得更糟,因为此时甚至不会出现渐变效果。
希望你能弄清楚我错过了什么。感谢您的帮助。
您使用的 glTexSubImage2D
完全错误。第二个和第三个参数是偏移量,第四个和第五个参数是大小:
glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, gameManager->GRID_SIZE, gameManager->GRID_SIZE, 0, GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, (GLvoid*)particleColors);
glTexSubImage2D(
GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0,
0, 0, gameManager->GRID_SIZE, gameManager->GRID_SIZE,
GL_RGB, GL_FLOAT, (GLvoid*)particleColors);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
只有在使用固定功能管线且没有着色器程序时才有意义。
我想通了。 Rabbid76 的修正是重要的第一步。
之后我对我的像素阵列进行了一些调整,在缩小它之后发现我的纹理底部确实有一条小像素线。更多的探索,我发现我实际上填错了我的像素数据。修复我循环中的错误逻辑,正确填充纹理。