正确编码 JWT
Encode JWT properly
我正在尝试编写具有这些功能的简单 JWT 实现:
- 正在使用
HMAC
生成令牌
- 正在验证令牌(如果签名正确或 exp 未超时)
- 解码令牌并获得声明
从头开始,以便更好地理解它是如何深入工作的。
到目前为止我找到这篇文章how to build an authentication microservice in golang from scratch. One chapter is dedicated to implementation JWT from scratch. I used it go generate token, however when I paste token in https://jwt.io我有无效的签名和以下警告:
警告:看起来您的 JWT 签名未使用 base64url 正确编码(https://tools.ietforg/html/rfc4648#section-5). Note that padding ("=") must be omitted as per https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7515#section-2
警告:看起来你的 JWT header 没有使用 base64url 正确编码(https://tools.ietforg/html/rfc4648#section-5). Note that padding ("=") must be omitted as per https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7515#section-2
警告:看起来您的 JWT 负载未使用 base64url 正确编码(https://tools.ietforg/html/rfc4648#section-5). Note that padding ("=") must be omitted as per https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7515#section-2
我粘贴的令牌如下所示:
eyAiYWxnIjogIkhTMjU2IiwgInR5cCI6ICJKV1QiIH0=.eyJhdWQiOiJmcm9udGVuZC5rbm93c2VhcmNoLm1sIiwiZXhwIjoiMTY1MTIyMjcyMyIsImlzcyI6Imtub3dzZWFyY2gubWwifQ==.SqCW8Hxakzck9Puzl0BEOkREPDyl38g2Fd4KFaDazV4=
我的 JWT 代码实现:
package main
import (
"crypto/hmac"
"crypto/sha256"
"encoding/base64"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"strings"
"time"
)
func GenerateToken(header string, payload map[string]string, secret string) (string, error) {
h := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(secret))
header64 := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(header))
payloadstr, err := json.Marshal(payload)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
payload64 := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(payloadstr)
message := header64 + "." + payload64
unsignedStr := header + string(payloadstr)
h.Write([]byte(unsignedStr))
signature := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
tokenStr := message + "." + signature
return tokenStr, nil
}
func ValidateToken(token string, secret string) (bool, error) {
splitToken := strings.Split(token, ".")
if len(splitToken) != 3 {
return false, nil
}
header, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(splitToken[0])
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
payload, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(splitToken[1])
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
unsignedStr := string(header) + string(payload)
h := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(secret))
h.Write([]byte(unsignedStr))
signature := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
fmt.Println(signature)
if signature != splitToken[2] {
return false, nil
}
return true, nil
}
func main() {
claimsMap := map[string]string{
"aud": "frontend.knowsearch.ml",
"iss": "knowsearch.ml",
"exp": fmt.Sprint(time.Now().Add(time.Second * 2).Unix()),
}
secret := "Secure_Random_String"
header := `{ "alg": "HS256", "typ": "JWT" }`
tokenString, err := GenerateToken(header, claimsMap, secret)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
fmt.Println("token: ", tokenString)
isValid, _ := ValidateToken(tokenString, secret)
fmt.Println("is token valid: ", isValid)
duration := time.Second * 4
time.Sleep(duration)
isValid, _ = ValidateToken(tokenString, secret)
fmt.Println("is token valid: ", isValid)
}
上面的实现有什么问题,如何解决它并消除警告?
我决定使用 Golang
来实现,但是非常感谢任何其他语言的示例。
JWT specification 要求删除所有填充 =
个字符:
Base64 encoding using the URL- and filename-safe character set
defined in Section 5 of RFC 4648 [RFC4648], with all trailing '='
characters omitted (as permitted by Section 3.2) and without the
inclusion of any line breaks, whitespace, or other additional
characters.
您可以使用 base64.RawURLEncoding
,它创建无填充的 Base64Url 编码,而不是 base64.StdEncoding
。
您可以在这个简短的 Go Playground example.
中看到 StdEncoding
、RawStdEncoding
和 RawURLEncoding
之间的区别
此外,如果不是为了学习锻炼,我强烈建议使用JWT library。
我正在尝试编写具有这些功能的简单 JWT 实现:
- 正在使用
HMAC
生成令牌
- 正在验证令牌(如果签名正确或 exp 未超时)
- 解码令牌并获得声明
从头开始,以便更好地理解它是如何深入工作的。
到目前为止我找到这篇文章how to build an authentication microservice in golang from scratch. One chapter is dedicated to implementation JWT from scratch. I used it go generate token, however when I paste token in https://jwt.io我有无效的签名和以下警告:
警告:看起来您的 JWT 签名未使用 base64url 正确编码(https://tools.ietforg/html/rfc4648#section-5). Note that padding ("=") must be omitted as per https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7515#section-2
警告:看起来你的 JWT header 没有使用 base64url 正确编码(https://tools.ietforg/html/rfc4648#section-5). Note that padding ("=") must be omitted as per https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7515#section-2
警告:看起来您的 JWT 负载未使用 base64url 正确编码(https://tools.ietforg/html/rfc4648#section-5). Note that padding ("=") must be omitted as per https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7515#section-2
我粘贴的令牌如下所示:
eyAiYWxnIjogIkhTMjU2IiwgInR5cCI6ICJKV1QiIH0=.eyJhdWQiOiJmcm9udGVuZC5rbm93c2VhcmNoLm1sIiwiZXhwIjoiMTY1MTIyMjcyMyIsImlzcyI6Imtub3dzZWFyY2gubWwifQ==.SqCW8Hxakzck9Puzl0BEOkREPDyl38g2Fd4KFaDazV4=
我的 JWT 代码实现:
package main
import (
"crypto/hmac"
"crypto/sha256"
"encoding/base64"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"strings"
"time"
)
func GenerateToken(header string, payload map[string]string, secret string) (string, error) {
h := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(secret))
header64 := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(header))
payloadstr, err := json.Marshal(payload)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
payload64 := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(payloadstr)
message := header64 + "." + payload64
unsignedStr := header + string(payloadstr)
h.Write([]byte(unsignedStr))
signature := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
tokenStr := message + "." + signature
return tokenStr, nil
}
func ValidateToken(token string, secret string) (bool, error) {
splitToken := strings.Split(token, ".")
if len(splitToken) != 3 {
return false, nil
}
header, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(splitToken[0])
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
payload, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(splitToken[1])
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
unsignedStr := string(header) + string(payload)
h := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(secret))
h.Write([]byte(unsignedStr))
signature := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
fmt.Println(signature)
if signature != splitToken[2] {
return false, nil
}
return true, nil
}
func main() {
claimsMap := map[string]string{
"aud": "frontend.knowsearch.ml",
"iss": "knowsearch.ml",
"exp": fmt.Sprint(time.Now().Add(time.Second * 2).Unix()),
}
secret := "Secure_Random_String"
header := `{ "alg": "HS256", "typ": "JWT" }`
tokenString, err := GenerateToken(header, claimsMap, secret)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
fmt.Println("token: ", tokenString)
isValid, _ := ValidateToken(tokenString, secret)
fmt.Println("is token valid: ", isValid)
duration := time.Second * 4
time.Sleep(duration)
isValid, _ = ValidateToken(tokenString, secret)
fmt.Println("is token valid: ", isValid)
}
上面的实现有什么问题,如何解决它并消除警告?
我决定使用 Golang
来实现,但是非常感谢任何其他语言的示例。
JWT specification 要求删除所有填充 =
个字符:
Base64 encoding using the URL- and filename-safe character set defined in Section 5 of RFC 4648 [RFC4648], with all trailing '=' characters omitted (as permitted by Section 3.2) and without the inclusion of any line breaks, whitespace, or other additional characters.
您可以使用 base64.RawURLEncoding
,它创建无填充的 Base64Url 编码,而不是 base64.StdEncoding
。
您可以在这个简短的 Go Playground example.
中看到StdEncoding
、RawStdEncoding
和 RawURLEncoding
之间的区别
此外,如果不是为了学习锻炼,我强烈建议使用JWT library。