如何在 tkinter 中实现滚动条到网格

Question

我很难在我的 Tkinter 项目中实现滚动条。我浏览了很多文章并回答了有关如何实现滚动条的问题，但在研究了这一 'simple' 问题一整天后，我还是无法实现一个可行的解决方案。

我当前的代码如下所示：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import Button, ttk
from PIL import ImageTk, Image
from functools import partial
import queue as qu
import math
import re
import os

window = tk.Tk()

queue = qu.Queue()

#Basic values
#the window size
windowSize = "700x1000"
#picture and container size
x, y = 200, 300
#tmp
sidepanelsize = 200

window.geometry(windowSize)

#button identifier
def change(i):
    print(I)

#temporary content generator
for g in range(12):
    for item in os.listdir("."):
        if re.search(r"\.(jpg|png)$", item):
            queue.put(item)

n = queue.qsize()

#other panels that are going to be used later
frameLeft = tk.Frame(master=window, width=sidepanelsize, relief=tk.RIDGE)
frameLeft.pack(fill=tk.Y, side=tk.LEFT)

label1 = tk.Label(master=frameLeft, text="Left Panel")
label1.pack()

buttonLeft1 = tk.Button(master=frameLeft, text="Button 1", command=lambda: print("I'm a side button!"))
buttonLeft1.pack()

frameMain = tk.Frame(master=window, relief=tk.GROOVE, borderwidth=1)
frameMain.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X, expand=1)


# SCROLLBAR IF YOU DISABLE THIS SECTION AND PUTS SOME PICTURES IN THE FOLDER WHITH THE FILE THE CODE WORKS #
myCanvas = tk.Canvas(master=frameMain)
myCanvas.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)

myScrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(master=frameMain, orient=tk.VERTICAL, command=myCanvas.yview)
myScrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)

myCanvas.configure(yscrollcommand=myScrollbar.set)
myCanvas.bind('<Configure>', lambda e: myCanvas.configure(scrollregion=myCanvas.bbox("all")))

secondFrame = tk.Frame(master=myCanvas)
myCanvas.create_window((0, 0), window=secondFrame, anchor=tk.NW)
############################ END OF SCROLLBAR ############################


noOfImgPerRow = math.floor((int(windowSize.split("x")[0])-sidepanelsize+100)/x)
imgs = []

#generates the grid
for i in range(n):
    o = i
    i = (o % noOfImgPerRow) + 1
    j = math.floor(o/noOfImgPerRow) + 1

    frameMain.columnconfigure(i, weight = 1, minsize=x+15)
    frameMain.rowconfigure(i, weight = 1, minsize=y+50)


    frameBox = tk.Frame(
        master=frameMain,
        relief=tk.RAISED,
        borderwidth=1,
        width = x,
        height = y
    )
    # here the error references to
    frameBox.grid(row=j, column=i, padx=5, pady=5)

    img = Image.open(queue.get()).convert("RGBA")
    width, height = img.size

    if width/x >= height/y:
        left  = width/2-(round((height*x)/y))/2
        right = width/2+(round((height*x)/y))/2
        upper = 0
        lower = height
    else:
        left  = 0
        right = width
        upper = height/2-(round((width*y)/x))/2
        lower = height/2+(round((width*y)/x))/2

    img2 = img.crop([left, upper, right, lower])
    img2 = img2.resize((x, y), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
    imgs.append(ImageTk.PhotoImage(img2))
    label = tk.Label(master = frameBox, image = imgs[-1])
    label.pack()
    mainButton = Button(master=frameBox, text="Start", command=partial(change, o))
    mainButton.pack()

window.mainloop()

我试图强调唯一值得关注的事情，那就是滚动条，目前其他一切都在工作，我只是想 post 整个代码以便更好地理解它是否有助于无论如何。

我的问题是每当我实现滚动条时，它都会返回一个错误说明：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "e:\Python\starter\main.py", line 85, in <module>
    frameBox.grid(row=j, column=i, padx=5, pady=5)
  File "C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.1264.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 2522, in grid_configure
    self.tk.call(
_tkinter.TclError: cannot use geometry manager grid inside .!frame2 which already has slaves managed by pack

这个错误似乎是不言自明的，只是将 canvas 网格化而不是打包它，但是在经过大量的小调整和做事之后，事情变得迂回了

我的第二个想法是，将网格化框架包裹在另一个更大的打包框架中是否存在网格问题，如下所示：

yetAnotherFrame = tk.Frame(frameMain)
yetAnotherFrame.pack()

noOfImgPerRow = math.floor((int(windowSize.split("x")[0])-sidepanelsize+100)/x)
imgs = []

for i in range(n):
    o = i
    i = (o % noOfImgPerRow) + 1
    j = math.floor(o/noOfImgPerRow) + 1

    yetAnotherFrame.columnconfigure(i, weight = 1, minsize=x+15)
    yetAnotherFrame.rowconfigure(i, weight = 1, minsize=y+50)


    frameBox = tk.Frame(
        master=yetAnotherFrame,
        relief=tk.RAISED,
        borderwidth=1,
        width = x,
        height = y
    )
    frameBox.grid(row=j, column=i, padx=5, pady=5)

这确实让我感到惊讶，但滚动条仍然无法正常工作，布局又被破坏了。

Answer 1

解决方案

在您的代码中 frameBox 的父级是 frameMain。相反，您需要将 canvas 作为父级或将 canvas 作为其父级的 secondFrame。

例子

这基本上是您的代码并进行了修复，但删除了一些不必要的部分。

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

window = tk.Tk()
window.geometry("400x400")

frameLeft = tk.Frame(master=window, width=400, height=400, relief=tk.RIDGE)
frameLeft.pack(fill=tk.Y, side=tk.LEFT)

myCanvas = tk.Canvas(master=frameLeft)
myCanvas.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)

myScrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(master=frameLeft, orient=tk.VERTICAL, command=myCanvas.yview)
myScrollbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)

myCanvas.configure(yscrollcommand=myScrollbar.set)
myCanvas.bind('<Configure>', lambda e: myCanvas.configure(scrollregion=myCanvas.bbox("all")))

secondFrame = tk.Frame(master=myCanvas)
myCanvas.create_window((0, 0), window=secondFrame, anchor=tk.NW)

for i in range(100):
    lbl = tk.Label(secondFrame, text=f"Label {i}")
    lbl.grid(column=0, row=i, sticky=tk.W)

window.mainloop()

如何在 tkinter 中实现滚动条到网格

How to implement a scrollbar to grid in tkinter

python

tkinter

python-3.x

解决方案

例子