最新的 container_of 宏中 __mptr 的用途是什么?
What is the purpose of __mptr in latest container_of macro?
我正在阅读 linux 内核 5.17.5,现在正在查看 container_of() 宏。
/**
* container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
* @ptr: the pointer to the member.
* @type: the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
* @member: the name of the member within the struct.
*
*/
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \
void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr); \
static_assert(__same_type(*(ptr), ((type *)0)->member) || \
__same_type(*(ptr), void), \
"pointer type mismatch in container_of()"); \
((type *)(__mptr - offsetof(type, member))); })
我的问题很简单:__mptr
的目的是什么,我可以像这样用 (void *)ptr
替换 __mptr
吗?
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \
static_assert(__same_type(*(ptr), ((type *)0)->member) || \
__same_type(*(ptr), void), \
"pointer type mismatch in container_of()"); \
((type *)((void*)ptr - offsetof(type, member))); })
因为 “kernel.h: 在 container_of()” 中更好地处理指向数组的指针,__mptr
不用于类型检查了。它用于消除scripts/gcc-plugins/randomize_layout_plugin.c
的信息性消息,如inform(gimple_location(stmt), "found mismatched ssa struct pointer types: %qT and %qT\n", ptr_lhs_type, ptr_rhs_type);
。该文件的其中一项工作是:
/*
* iterate over all statements to find "bad" casts:
* those where the address of the start of a structure is cast
* to a pointer of a structure of a different type, or a
* structure pointer type is cast to a different structure pointer type
*/
如果缺少 __mptr
,宏将包含您所说的代码:
(type *)((void*)ptr - offsetof(type, member)))
(PS:char *
这里比较好,因为iso c标准保证对offsetof
是1个字节,void *
是gnu c保证的仅)
如果 offsetof
为零,并且 ptr 将包含结构类型 member
的起始地址,那么这将被转换为完全不同的类型:struct type *
。此表单根据 scripts/gcc-plugins/randomize_layout_plugin.c
出现故障,将被它检测到。
随着 void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr);
的引入,编译器不再知道 __mptr
的类型,所以 scripts/gcc-plugins/randomize_layout_plugin.c
在转换 void *
时不会报错 __mptr
到 (type *)
您可以从https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/6/20/873
查看真实案例和相关修复补丁
当 __mptr
用于类型检查时,以下是 4.13 之前内核的原始答案:
让我们简化 container_of
并查看此案例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \
const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \
(type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})
#define container_of_without_typechecking(ptr, type, member) ({ \
(type *)( (char *)ptr - offsetof(type,member) );})
struct Foo
{
int a;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
struct Foo foo;
int *a;
printf("foo addr: %p\n", &foo);
a = &foo.a;
printf("container of a: %p\n", container_of_without_typechecking((unsigned long long*)a, struct Foo, a));
printf("typecheck: container of a: %p\n", container_of((unsigned long long*)a, struct Foo, a));
return 0;
}
container_of_without_typechecking
没有 __mptr
但 container_of
有。
编译时:
a.c: In function ‘main’:
a.c:13:55: warning: initialization of ‘const int *’ from incompatible pointer type ‘long long unsigned int *’ [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
13 | const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \
| ^
a.c:28:47: note: in expansion of macro ‘container_of’
28 | printf("typecheck: container of a: %p\n", container_of((unsigned long long*)a, struct Foo, a));
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~
如您所见,container_of
会抛出 incompatible pointer type
警告,而 container_of_without_typechecking
不会,因此它仅用于类型检查。
此外,请注意 Linux 内核将此警告视为错误:
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Werror=incompatible-pointer-types)
因此,如果您将错误的类型传递给 container_of
,您将收到 错误 而不是警告。
我正在阅读 linux 内核 5.17.5,现在正在查看 container_of() 宏。
/**
* container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
* @ptr: the pointer to the member.
* @type: the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
* @member: the name of the member within the struct.
*
*/
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \
void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr); \
static_assert(__same_type(*(ptr), ((type *)0)->member) || \
__same_type(*(ptr), void), \
"pointer type mismatch in container_of()"); \
((type *)(__mptr - offsetof(type, member))); })
我的问题很简单:__mptr
的目的是什么,我可以像这样用 (void *)ptr
替换 __mptr
吗?
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \
static_assert(__same_type(*(ptr), ((type *)0)->member) || \
__same_type(*(ptr), void), \
"pointer type mismatch in container_of()"); \
((type *)((void*)ptr - offsetof(type, member))); })
因为 “kernel.h: 在 container_of()” 中更好地处理指向数组的指针,__mptr
不用于类型检查了。它用于消除scripts/gcc-plugins/randomize_layout_plugin.c
的信息性消息,如inform(gimple_location(stmt), "found mismatched ssa struct pointer types: %qT and %qT\n", ptr_lhs_type, ptr_rhs_type);
。该文件的其中一项工作是:
/*
* iterate over all statements to find "bad" casts:
* those where the address of the start of a structure is cast
* to a pointer of a structure of a different type, or a
* structure pointer type is cast to a different structure pointer type
*/
如果缺少 __mptr
,宏将包含您所说的代码:
(type *)((void*)ptr - offsetof(type, member)))
(PS:char *
这里比较好,因为iso c标准保证对offsetof
是1个字节,void *
是gnu c保证的仅)
如果 offsetof
为零,并且 ptr 将包含结构类型 member
的起始地址,那么这将被转换为完全不同的类型:struct type *
。此表单根据 scripts/gcc-plugins/randomize_layout_plugin.c
出现故障,将被它检测到。
随着 void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr);
的引入,编译器不再知道 __mptr
的类型,所以 scripts/gcc-plugins/randomize_layout_plugin.c
在转换 void *
时不会报错 __mptr
到 (type *)
您可以从https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/6/20/873
当 __mptr
用于类型检查时,以下是 4.13 之前内核的原始答案:
让我们简化 container_of
并查看此案例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \
const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \
(type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})
#define container_of_without_typechecking(ptr, type, member) ({ \
(type *)( (char *)ptr - offsetof(type,member) );})
struct Foo
{
int a;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
struct Foo foo;
int *a;
printf("foo addr: %p\n", &foo);
a = &foo.a;
printf("container of a: %p\n", container_of_without_typechecking((unsigned long long*)a, struct Foo, a));
printf("typecheck: container of a: %p\n", container_of((unsigned long long*)a, struct Foo, a));
return 0;
}
container_of_without_typechecking
没有 __mptr
但 container_of
有。
编译时:
a.c: In function ‘main’:
a.c:13:55: warning: initialization of ‘const int *’ from incompatible pointer type ‘long long unsigned int *’ [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
13 | const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \
| ^
a.c:28:47: note: in expansion of macro ‘container_of’
28 | printf("typecheck: container of a: %p\n", container_of((unsigned long long*)a, struct Foo, a));
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~
如您所见,container_of
会抛出 incompatible pointer type
警告,而 container_of_without_typechecking
不会,因此它仅用于类型检查。
此外,请注意 Linux 内核将此警告视为错误:
KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Werror=incompatible-pointer-types)
因此,如果您将错误的类型传递给 container_of
,您将收到 错误 而不是警告。