如何在带有变量的文件中的某个字符串后插入文本

Question

我有这些变量：

file_path="/home/dir/file.xml"
string="<host mac='0A:00:DD:D2:00:02' name='vfp-20vr' ip='10.10.1.122'/>"

这是file.xml

的内容

<network>
  <name>br-ext</name>
  <forward mode='route'/>
  <bridge name='br-ext' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:9f:a0:00'/>
  <ip address='10.10.1.11' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:A1:EE' name='vsrxa-1' ip='10.10.1.21'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:A2:EE' name='vsrxa-2' ip='10.10.1.22'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:B1:EE' name='vsrxb-1' ip='10.10.1.23'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:B2:EE' name='vsrxb-2' ip='10.10.1.24'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:C1:EE' name='vsrxc-1' ip='10.10.1.25'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:C2:EE' name='vsrxc-2' ip='10.10.1.26'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:D1:EE' name='vsrxd-1' ip='10.10.1.27'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:D2:EE' name='vsrxd-2' ip='10.10.1.28'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

我想在 <dhcp> 标志之后添加 $string，如下所示：

...
<dhcp>
      <host mac='0A:00:DD:D2:00:02' name='vfp-20vr' ip='10.10.1.122'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:A1:EE' name='vsrxa-1' ip='10.10.1.21'/>
...

我尝试在我的 bash 脚本中使用 sed "/\dhcp\/a $string $file_path" 但没有成功...

有谁知道我怎样才能做到这一点？

Answer 1

你还差得远：

sed -i "/<dhcp>/a \ \ \ \ \ \ ${string}" "${file_path}"

-i 更改输入文件
/<dhcp>/ 至 select 仅 dhcp 打开标签
(\ ) * 6 缩进 string 内容

结果：

<network>
  <name>br-ext</name>
  <forward mode='route'/>
  <bridge name='br-ext' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:9f:a0:00'/>
  <ip address='10.10.1.11' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <host mac='0A:00:DD:D2:00:02' name='vfp-20vr' ip='10.10.1.122'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:A1:EE' name='vsrxa-1' ip='10.10.1.21'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:A2:EE' name='vsrxa-2' ip='10.10.1.22'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:B1:EE' name='vsrxb-1' ip='10.10.1.23'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:B2:EE' name='vsrxb-2' ip='10.10.1.24'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:C1:EE' name='vsrxc-1' ip='10.10.1.25'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:C2:EE' name='vsrxc-2' ip='10.10.1.26'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:D1:EE' name='vsrxd-1' ip='10.10.1.27'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:D2:EE' name='vsrxd-2' ip='10.10.1.28'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

Answer 2

试试这个

#! /bin/bash

file_path="$HOME/test.xml"
content="<host>b</host>"

c=$(echo $content | sed 's/\//\\//g')
sed "/<\/dhcp>/ s/.*/${c}\n&/" $file_path

Answer 3

使用sed

$ sed  "/<dhcp>/{p;s|\( \+\).*|  $string|;}" file
<network>
  <name>br-ext</name>
  <forward mode='route'/>
  <bridge name='br-ext' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:9f:a0:00'/>
  <ip address='10.10.1.11' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <host mac='0A:00:DD:D2:00:02' name='vfp-20vr' ip='10.10.1.122'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:A1:EE' name='vsrxa-1' ip='10.10.1.21'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:A2:EE' name='vsrxa-2' ip='10.10.1.22'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:B1:EE' name='vsrxb-1' ip='10.10.1.23'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:B2:EE' name='vsrxb-2' ip='10.10.1.24'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:C1:EE' name='vsrxc-1' ip='10.10.1.25'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:C2:EE' name='vsrxc-2' ip='10.10.1.26'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:D1:EE' name='vsrxd-1' ip='10.10.1.27'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:D2:EE' name='vsrxd-2' ip='10.10.1.28'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

Answer 4

使用 bash 和 sed 的 a（追加）命令：

sed '/^[[:blank:]]*<dhcp>[[:blank:]]*$/a'$'\\n'"$string" "$file_path"

Answer 5

strings="      STRING1...\n      STRING2...\n      ...\n" 
match="<dhcp>"  
awk -v m="$match" -v s="$strings" '{ print; if( == m) printf s }' input_file

<network>
  <name>br-ext</name>
  <forward mode='route'/>
  <bridge name='br-ext' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:9f:a0:00'/>
  <ip address='10.10.1.11' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      STRING1...
      STRING2...
      ...
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:A1:EE' name='vsrxa-1' ip='10.10.1.21'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:A2:EE' name='vsrxa-2' ip='10.10.1.22'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:B1:EE' name='vsrxb-1' ip='10.10.1.23'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:B2:EE' name='vsrxb-2' ip='10.10.1.24'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:C1:EE' name='vsrxc-1' ip='10.10.1.25'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:C2:EE' name='vsrxc-2' ip='10.10.1.26'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:D1:EE' name='vsrxd-1' ip='10.10.1.27'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:D2:EE' name='vsrxd-2' ip='10.10.1.28'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

Answer 6

您可以使用模式来匹配 <dhcp> 部分并捕获前导 spaces。

然后追加下一个字符串，用完整匹配替换最后一个模式，后跟换行符和反向引用以保持相同的缩进。

从那时起，您可以使用自己的缩进来扩展它。

sed "/^\([[:space:]]*\)<dhcp>/{N;s##&\n  $string#}" "$file_path"

说明

/^$[[:space:]]*$<dhcp>/ Natch 字符串的开始，捕获可选的 spaces 并匹配 <dhcp>
N 将下一行附加到模式 space
s 替换
## 最后匹配的模式（我把替换的分隔符改成了#）
&\n 替换为完整匹配项、换行符和对包含缩进的第 1 组的反向引用并添加您自己的缩进

输出

<network>
  <name>br-ext</name>
  <forward mode='route'/>
  <bridge name='br-ext' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:9f:a0:00'/>
  <ip address='10.10.1.11' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <host mac='0A:00:DD:D2:00:02' name='vfp-20vr' ip='10.10.1.122'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:A1:EE' name='vsrxa-1' ip='10.10.1.21'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:A2:EE' name='vsrxa-2' ip='10.10.1.22'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:B1:EE' name='vsrxb-1' ip='10.10.1.23'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:B2:EE' name='vsrxb-2' ip='10.10.1.24'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:C1:EE' name='vsrxc-1' ip='10.10.1.25'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:C2:EE' name='vsrxc-2' ip='10.10.1.26'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:D1:EE' name='vsrxd-1' ip='10.10.1.27'/>
      <host mac='0A:AA:FF:C1:D2:EE' name='vsrxd-2' ip='10.10.1.28'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

Answer 7

对于类似的任务，我使用 xmlstarlet。显然，您从 xml 来源获得了 $string。因此，您可以使用 xmlstarlet 来获取 mac、name 和 ip 值。让我们假设你得到了它们。然后，您可以像这样将新主机添加到 $file_path 中：

xmlstarlet edit --inplace \
  --insert /network/ip/dhcp/host[1] --type elem --name new_host --value "" \
  --insert //new_host --type attr --name mac  --value $new_host_mac \
  --insert //new_host --type attr --name name --value $new_host_name \
  --insert //new_host --type attr --name ip   --value $new_host_ip \
  --rename //new_host --value host \
  $file_path

如何在带有变量的文件中的某个字符串后插入文本

How to insert text after a certain string in a file with variables

string

bash

sed

match