如何遍历 NLTK 树对象？

Question

给定括号解析，我可以将其转换为 NLTK 中的 Tree 对象：

>>> from nltk.tree import Tree
>>> s = '(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Europe)) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NNS trends)))) (. .)))'
>>> Tree.fromstring(s)
Tree('ROOT', [Tree('S', [Tree('NP', [Tree('NNP', ['Europe'])]), Tree('VP', [Tree('VBZ', ['is']), Tree('PP', [Tree('IN', ['in']), Tree('NP', [Tree('DT', ['the']), Tree('JJ', ['same']), Tree('NNS', ['trends'])])])]), Tree('.', ['.'])])])

但是当我尝试遍历它时，我只能访问最顶层的树：

>>> for i in Tree.fromstring(s):
...     print i
... 
(S
  (NP (NNP Europe))
  (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NNS trends))))
  (. .))
>>> for i in Tree.fromstring(s):
...     print i, i.label()
... 
(S
  (NP (NNP Europe))
  (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NNS trends))))
  (. .)) S
>>>

我可以深入一层，如下所示：

>>> for i in Tree.fromstring(s):
...     print i.subtrees()
... 
<generator object subtrees at 0x7f1eb1571410>
>>> for i in Tree.fromstring(s):
...     for j in i.subtrees():
...             print j
... 
(S
  (NP (NNP Europe))
  (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NNS trends))))
  (. .))
(NP (NNP Europe))
(NNP Europe)
(VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NNS trends))))
(VBZ is)
(PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NNS trends)))
(IN in)
(NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NNS trends))
(DT the)
(JJ same)
(NNS trends)
(. .)

但是有没有办法在深度上遍历所有子树？

在NLTK中应该如何遍历一棵树？

NLTK中如何遍历所有子树？

Answer 1

也许我忽略了一些东西，但这就是你想要的吗？

import nltk
s = '(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Europe)) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NNS trends)))) (. .)))'
tree = nltk.tree.Tree.fromstring(s)
def traverse_tree(tree):
    # print("tree:", tree)
    for subtree in tree:
        if type(subtree) == nltk.tree.Tree:
            traverse_tree(subtree)
traverse_tree(tree)

它以深度优先的方式遍历你的树。

如何遍历 NLTK 树对象？

How to Traverse an NLTK Tree object?

tree

parsing

nlp

nltk

depth-first-search